Single-nucleotide polymorphisms among microRNA: Big effects on cancer

Chinese Journal of Cancer

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 381-391

  Song, Feng Ju ^a   Chen, Ke Xin ^a  

^a TIANJIN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Cancer risk; MicroRNA; SNP; Target sequence

Indexed keywords

MICRORNA;

BINDING SITE; BIOGENESIS; CARCINOGENESIS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN RNA BINDING; REVIEW; RNA BINDING; RNA PROCESSING; RNA SEQUENCE; RNA STRUCTURE; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

ANIMALS; BINDING SITES; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; HUMANS; MICRORNAS; NEOPLASMS; ONCOGENES; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE;

EID: 79959288857     PISSN: 1000467X     EISSN: 1944446X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5732/cjc.30.0381     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V. The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14 [J]. Cell, 1993,75(5):843-854.
2. Lau NC, Lim LP, Weinstein EG, et al. An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans [J]. Science, 2001,294(5543):858-862.
3. Hannon GJ, Rivas FV, Murchison EP, et al. The expanding universe of noncoding RNAs [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:551-564.
4. Ruvkun G, Wightman B, Ha I. The 20 years it took to recognize the importance of tiny RNAs [J]. Cell, 2004,116(2 Suppl):S93-96; 2 p following S6.
5. Selbach M, Schwanhausser B, Thierfelder N, et al. Widespread changes in protein synthesis induced by microRNAs [J]. Nature, 2008,455(7209):58-63.
6. Meister G. miRNAs get an early start on translational silencing [J]. Cell, 2007,131(1):25-28.
7. Baek D, Villen J, Shin C, et al. The impact of microRNAs on protein output [J]. Nature, 2008,455(7209):64-71.
8. Eulalio A, Huntzinger E, Izaurralde E. Getting to the root of miRNA-mediated gene silencing [J]. Cell, 2008,132(1):9-14.
9. Tsai NP, Lin YL, Wei LN. MicroRNA mir-346 targets the 5'- untranslated region of receptor-in teracting protein 140(RIP140) mRNA and up-regulates its protein expression [J]. Biochem J, 2009,424(3):411-418.
10. Lewis BP, Burge CB, Bartel DP. Conserved seed pairing, often flanked by adenosines, indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets [J]. Cell, 2005,120(1):15-20.
11. Tu K, Yu H, Hua YJ, et al. Combinatorial network of primary and secondary microRNA-driven regulatory mechanisms [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2009,37(18):5969-5980.
12. Bicker S, Schratt G. microRNAs: tiny regulators of synapse function in development and disease [J]. J Cell Mol Med, 2008,12(5A):1466-1476.
13. Kapsimali M, Kloosterman WP, de Bruijn E, et al. MicroRNAs show a wide diversity of expression profiles in the developing and mature central nervous system [J]. Genome Biol, 2007,8 (8):R173.
14. Zhang L, Huang J, Yang N, et al. microRNAs exhibit high frequency genomic alterations in human cancer [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006,103(24):9136-9141.
15. Chen PY, Meister G. microRNA-guided posttranscriptional gene regulation [J]. Biol Chem, 2005,386(12):1205-1218.
16. Drakaki A, Iliopoulos D. MicroRNA Gene Networks in Oncogenesis [J]. Curr Genomics, 2009,10(1):35-41.
17. Huang J, Hao P, Chen H, et al. Genome-wide identification of schistosoma japonicum microRNAs using a Deep-sequencing approach [J]. PLoS One, 2009,4(12):e8206.
18. Rodriguez A, Griffiths-Jones S, Ashurst JL, et al. Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units [J]. Genome Res, 2004,14(10A):1902-1910.
19. Lee Y, Kim M, Han J, et al. MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II [J]. EMBO J, 2004,23(20):4051-4060.
20. Kim VN. MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2005,6(5):376-385.
21. Shomron N, Levy C. MicroRNA biogenesis and pre-mRNA splicing crosstalk [J]. J Biomed Biotechnol, 2009,2009:594678.
22. Lee Y, Ahn C, Han J, et al. The nuclear RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA processing [J]. Nature, 2003,425 (6956): 415-419.
23. Tomari Y, Zamore PD. MicroRNA biogenesis: drosha can't cut it without a partner [J]. Curr Biol, 2005,15(2):R61-64.
24. Gregory RI, Yan KP, Amuthan G, et al. The Microprocessor complex mediates the genesis of microRNAs [J]. Nature, 2004,432(7014):235-240.
25. Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, et al. The Drosha-DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing [J]. Genes Dev, 2004,18(24): 3016-3027.
26. Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, et al. Molecular basis for the recognition of primary microRNAs by the Drosha-DGCR8 complex [J]. Cell, 2006,125(5):887-901.
27. Lund E, Dahlberg JE. Substrate selectivity of exportin 5 and Dicer in the biogenesis of microRNAs [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:59-66.
28. Zeng Y, Yi R, Cullen BR. Recognition and cleavage of primary microRNA precursors by the nuclear processing enzyme Drosha [J]. Embo J, 2005,24(1):138-148.
29. Bohnsack MT, Czaplinski K, Gorlich D. Exportin 5 is a RanGTP-dependent dsRNA-binding protein that mediates nuclear export of pre-miRNAs [J]. Rna, 2004,10(2):185-191.
30. Flores-Jasso CF, Arenas Huertero C, Reyes JL, et al. First step in pre-miRNAs processing by human Dicer [J]. Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2009,30(8):1177-1185.
31. Vermeulen A, Robertson B, Dalby AB, et al. Double - stranded regions are essential design components of potent inhibitors of RISC function [J]. Rna, 2007,13(5):723-730.
32. Chendrimada TP, Gregory RI, Kumaraswamy E, et al. TRBP recruits the Dicer complex to Ago2 for microRNA processing and gene silencing [J]. Nature, 2005,436(7051):740-744.
33. Patel DJ, Ma JB, Yuan YR, et al. Structural biology of RNA silencing and its functional implications [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:81-93.
34. Cullen BR. Transcription and processing of human microRNA precursors [J]. Mol Cell, 2004,16(6):861-865.
35. Murphy D, Dancis B, Brown JR. The evolution of core proteins involved in microRNA biogenesis [J]. BMC Evol Biol, 2008,8: 92.
36. Parker JS, Roe SM, Barford D. Molecular mechanism of target RNA transcript recognition by Argonaute-guide complexes [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:45-50.
37. Leung AK, Sharp PA. Function and localization of microRNAs in mammalian cells [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:29-38.
38. Wu H, Ye C, Ramirez D, et al. Alternative processing of primary microRNA transcripts by Drosha generates 5' end variation of mature microRNA [J]. PLoS One, 2009,4 (10): e7566.
39. Ro S, Park C, Young D, et al. Tissue-dependent paired expression of miRNAs [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2007,35(17): 5944-5953.
40. Gregory RI, Chendrimada TP, Cooch N, et al. Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing [J]. Cell, 2005,123(4):631-640.
41. Miyoshi K, Tsukumo H, Nagami T, et al. Slicer function of Drosophila Argonautes and its involvement in RISC formation [J]. Genes Dev, 2005,19(23):2837-2848.
42. Chendrimada TP, Finn KJ, Ji X, et al. MicroRNA silencing through RISC recruitment of eIF6 [J]. Nature, 2007,447(7146): 823-828.
43. Du T, Zamore PD. microPrimer: the biogenesis and function of microRNA [J]. Development, 2005,132(21):4645-4652.
44. Joshua-Tor L. The Argonautes [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:67-72.
45. Behm-Ansmant I, Rehwinkel J, Izaurralde E. MicroRNAs silence gene expression by repressing protein expression and/or by promoting mRNA decay [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:523-530.
46. Maroney PA, Yu Y, Nilsen TW. MicroRNAs, mRNAs, and translation [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71: 531-535.
47. Filipowicz W, Bhattacharyya SN, Sonenberg N. Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight? [J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2008,9(2):102-114.
48. Davis CJ, Bohnet SG, Meyerson JM, et al. Sleep loss changes microRNA levels in the brain: a possible mechanism for state-dependent translational regulation [J]. Neurosci Lett, 2007,422 (1):68-73.
49. Olsen L, Klausen M, Helboe L, et al. MicroRNAs show mutually exclusive expression patterns in the brain of adult male rats [J]. PLoS One, 2009,4(10):e7225.
50. Lee J, Li Z, Brower-Sinning R, et al. Regulatory circuit of human microRNA biogenesis [J]. PLoS Comput Biol, 2007,3 (4):e67.
51. Gregory RI, Shiekhattar R. MicroRNA biogenesis and cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2005,65(9):3509-3512.
52. Kusenda B, Mraz M, Mayer J, et al. MicroRNA biogenesis, functionality and cancer relevance [J]. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 2006,150(2):205-215.
53. Michael MZ, SM OC, van Holst Pellekaan NG, et al. Reduced accumulation of specific microRNAs in colorectal neoplasia [J]. Mol Cancer Res, 2003,1(12):882-891.
54. Cheng C, Fu X, Alves P, et al. mRNA expression profiles show differential regulatory effects of microRNAs between estrogenreceptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer [J]. Genome Biol, 2009,10(9):R90.
55. Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, et al. Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2004,101(9):2999-3004.
56. Kuo KT, Guan B, Feng Y, et al. Analysis of DNA copy number alterations in ovarian serous tumors identifies new molecular genetic changes in low-grade and high-grade carcinomas [J]. Cancer Res, 2009,69(9):4036-4042.
57. Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, et al. Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes miR15 and miR16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2002,99(24):15524-15529.
58. Wang X, Tang S, Le SY, et al. Aberrant expression of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive microRNAs in cervical cancer is required for cancer cell growth [J]. PLoS One, 2008,3(7):e2557.
59. Merritt WM, Lin YG, Han LY, et al. Dicer, Drosha, and outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2008,359(25):2641-2650.
60. Hanlon K, Rudin CE, Harries LW. Investigating the targets of MIR-15a and MIR-16-1 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL) [J]. PLoS One, 2009,4(9):e7169.
61. Eder M, Scherr M. MicroRNA and lung cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2005,352(23):2446-2448.
62. Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Liu CG, et al. MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2005,65 (16):7065-7070.
63. He H, Jazdzewski K, Li W, et al. The role of microRNA genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005,102(52):19075-19080.
64. Croce CM. Causes and consequences of microRNA dysregulation in cancer [J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2009,10(10):704-714.
65. Farazi TA, Spitzer JI, Morozov P, et al. miRNAs in human cancer [J]. J Pathol,223(2):102-115.
66. Rosenfeld N, Aharonov R, Meiri E, et al. MicroRNAs accurately identify cancer tissue origin [J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2008,26(4): 462-469.
67. Lawrie CH, Soneji S, Marafioti T, et al. MicroRNA expression distinguishes between germinal center B cell-like and activated B cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma [J]. Int J Cancer, 2007,121(5):1156-1161.
68. Takamizawa J, Konishi H, Yanagisawa K, et al. Reduced expression of the let-7 microRNAs in human lung cancers in association with shortened postoperative survival [J]. Cancer Res, 2004,64(11):3753-3756.
69. Schetter AJ, Leung SY, Sohn JJ, et al. MicroRNA expression profiles associated with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in colon adenocarcinoma [J]. Jama, 2008,299(4):425-436.
70. Zhang L, Coukos G. MicroRNAs: a new insight into cancer genome [J]. Cell Cycle, 2006,5(19):2216-2219.
71. Saumet A, Vetter G, Bouttier M, et al. Transcriptional repression of microRNA genes by PML-RARA increases expression of key cancer proteins in acute promyelocytic leukemia [J]. Blood, 2009,113(2):412-421.
72. Valeri N, Vannini I, Fanini F, et al. Epigenetics, miRNAs, and human cancer: a new chapter in human gene regulation [J]. Mamm Genome, 2009,20(9-10):573-580.
73. Diederichs S, Haber DA. Sequence variations of microRNAs in human cancer: alterations in predicted secondary structure do not affect processing [J]. Cancer Res, 2006,66 (12):6097-6104.
74. Li C, Kim SW, Rai D, et al. Copy number abnormalities, MYC activity, and the genetic fingerprint of normal B cells mechanistically define the microRNA profile of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [J]. Blood, 2009,113(26):6681-6690.
75. Kumar MS, Lu J, Mercer KL, et al. Impaired microRNA processing enhances cellular transformation and tumorigenesis [J]. Nat Genet, 2007,39(5):673-677.
76. Nielsen AF, Gloggnitzer J, Martinez J. MicroRNAs cross the line: the battle for mRNA stability enters the coding sequence [J]. Mol Cell, 2009,35(2):139-140.
77. Bhattacharyya SN, Habermacher R, Martine U, et al. Stressinduced reversal of microRNA repression and mRNA P-body localization in human cells [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006,71:513-521.
78. Ding XC, Weiler J, Grosshans H. Regulating the regulators: mechanisms controlling the maturation of microRNAs [J]. Trends Biotechnol, 2009,27(1):27-36.
79. Deng S, Calin GA, Croce CM, et al. Mechanisms of microRNA deregulation in human cancer [J]. Cell Cycle, 2008,7 (17): 2643-2646.
80. Mishra PJ, Mishra PJ, Banerjee D, et al. MiRSNPs or MiR-polymorphisms, new players in microRNA mediated regulation of the cell: Introducing microRNA pharmacogenomics [J]. Cell Cycle, 2008,7(7):853-858.
81. Jazdzewski K, de la Chapelle A. Genomic sequence matters: a SNP in microRNA-146a can turn anti-apoptotic [J]. Cell Cycle, 2009,8(11):1642-1643.
82. Calin GA, Ferracin M, Cimmino A, et al. A MicroRNA signature associated with prognosis and progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia [J]. N Engl J Med, 2005,353(17):1793-1801.
83. Aqeilan RI, Calin GA, Croce CM. miR-15a and miR-16-1 in cancer: discovery, function and future perspectives [J]. Cell Death Differ, 2009, 17(2):215-20.
84. Mencia A, Modamio-Hoybjor S, Redshaw N, et al. Mutations in the seed region of human miR-96 are responsible for nonsyndromic progressive hearing loss [J]. Nat Genet, 2009,41 (5):609-613.
85. Hill DA, Ivanovich J, Priest JR, et al. DICER1 mutations in familial pleuropulmonary blastoma [J]. Science, 2009,325 (5943):965.
86. Iwai N, Naraba H. Polymorphisms in human pre-miRNAs [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2005,331(4):1439-1444.
87. Duan R, Pak C, Jin P. Single nucleotide polymorphism associated with mature miR-125a alters the processing of pri- miRNA [J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2007,16(9):1124-1131.
88. Wu M, Jolicoeur N, Li Z, et al. Genetic variations of microRNAs in human cancer and their effects on the expression of miRNAs [J]. Carcinogenesis, 2008,29(9):1710-1716.
89. Borel C, Antonarakis SE. Functional genetic variation of human miRNAs and phenotypic consequences [J]. Mamm Genome, 2008,19(7-8):503-509.
90. Hiard S, Charlier C, Coppieters W, et al. Patrocles: a database of polymorphic miRNA-mediated gene regulation in vertebrates [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2010, 38(Database issue):D640-651.
91. Jazdzewski K, Murray EL, Franssila K, et al. Common SNP in pre-miR-146a decreases mature miR expression and predisposes to papillary thyroid carcinoma [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2008,105(20):7269-7274.
92. Xu B, Feng NH, Li PC, et al. A functional polymorphism in Pre-miR-146a gene is associated with prostate cancer risk and mature miR-146a expression in vivo [J]. Prostate, 2009, 70(5): 467-472.
93. Shen J, Ambrosone CB, DiCioccio RA, et al. A functional polymorphism in the miR-146a gene and age of familial breast/ovarian cancer diagnosis [J]. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29 (10): 1963-1966.
94. Xu T, Zhu Y, Wei QK, et al. A functional polymorphism in the miR-146a gene is associated with the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma [J]. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29(11):2126-2131.
95. Hu Z, Liang J, Wang Z, et al. Common genetic variants in pre-microRNAs were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in Chinese women [J]. Hum Mutat, 2009, 30(1):79-84.
96. Jazdzewski K, Liyanarachchi S, Swierniak M, et al. Polymorphic mature microRNAs from passenger strand of pre-miR-146a contribute to thyroid cancer [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009, 106(5):1502-1505.
97. Guo H, Wang K, Xiong G, et al. A functional varient in microRNA-146a is associated with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese Han [J]. Fam Cancer, 2010, 9(4):599-603.
98. Ye Y, Wang KK, Gu J, et al. Genetic variations in microRNA-related genes are novel susceptibility loci for esophageal cancer risk [J]. Cancer Prev Res(Phila), 2008, 1(6):460-469.
99. Tian T, Shu Y, Chen J, et al. A functional genetic variant in microRNA-196a2 is associated with increased susceptibility of lung cancer in Chinese [J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2009, 18(4):1183-1187.
100. Dou T, Wu Q, Chen X, et al. A polymorphism of microRNA196a genome region was associated with decreased risk of glioma in Chinese population [J]. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2010, 136(12):1853-1859.
101. Yang R, Schlehe B, Hemminki K, et al. A genetic variant in the pre-miR-27a oncogene is associated with a reduced familial breast cancer risk [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2010, 121(3): 693-702.
102. Sun Q, Gu H, Zeng Y, et al. Hsa-mir-27a genetic variant contributes to gastric cancer susceptibility through affecting miR-27a and target gene expression [J]. Cancer Sci, 2010,101 (10):2241-2247.
103. Zhou X, Chen X, Hu L, et al. Polymorphisms involved in the miR-218-LAMB3 pathway and susceptibility of cervical cancer, a case-control study in Chinese women [J]. Gynecol Oncol, 2010, 117(2):287-290.
104. Xu Y, Liu L, Liu J, et al. A potentially functional polymorphism in the promoter region of miR-34b/c is associated with an increased risk for primary hepatocellular carcinoma [J]. Int J Cancer, 2011, 128(2):412-417.
105. Liu Z, Li G, Wei S, et al. Genetic variants in selected pre-microRNA genes and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck [J]. Cancer, 2010, 116(20):4753-4760.
106. Yang H, Dinney CP, Ye Y, et al. Evaluation of genetic variants in microRNA-related genes and risk of bladder cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2008, 68(7):2530-2537.
107. Horikawa Y, Wood CG, Yang H, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of microRNA machinery genes modify the risk of renal cell carcinoma [J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2008, 14 (23): 7956-7962.
108. Song F, Zheng H, Liu B, et al. An miR-502-binding site single-nucleotide polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of the SET8 gene is associated with early age of breast cancer onset [J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2009, 15(19):6292-6300.
109. Liang D, Meyer L, Chang DW, et al. Genetic variants in MicroRNA biosynthesis pathways and binding sites modify ovarian cancer risk, survival, and treatment response [J]. Cancer Res, 2010, 70(23):9765-9776.
110. Kim JS, Choi YY, Jin G, et al. Association of a common AGO1 variant with lung cancer risk: a two-st age case-control study [J]. Mol Carcinog, 2010, 49(10):913-921.
111. Landi D, Gemignani F, Naccarati A, et al. Polymorphisms within micro-RNA-binding sites and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer [J]. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29(3):579-584.
112. Zheng H, Song F, Zhang L, et al. Genetic variants at the miR-124 binding site on the cytoskeleton-organizing IQGAP1 gene confer differential predisposition to breast cancer [J]. Int J Oncol, 2011, 38(4):1153-1161.
113. Hu Z, Chen J, Tian T, et al. Genetic variants of miRNA sequences and non-small cell lung cancer survival [J]. J Clin Invest, 2008, 118(7):2600-2608.
114. Chen K, Song F, Calin GA, et al. Polymorphisms in microRNA targets: a gold mine for molecular epidemiology [J]. Carcinogenesis, 2008, 29(7):1306-1311.
115. Nicoloso MS, Sun H, Spizzo R, et al. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms inside microRNA target sites influence tumor susceptibility [J]. Cancer Res, 70(7):2789-2798.
116. Bass BL. How does RNA editing affect dsRNA-mediated gene silencing? [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 2006, 71: 285-292.
117. Kawahara Y, Zinshteyn B, Chendrimada TP, et al. RNA editing of the microRNA-151 precursor blocks cleavage by the Dicer-TRBP complex [J]. EMBO Rep, 2007,8(8):763-769.
118. Yang W, Chendrimada TP, Wang Q, et al. Modulation of microRNA processing and expression through RNA editing by ADAR deaminases [J]. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2006,13(1):13-21.
119. Kawahara Y, Zinshteyn B, Sethupathy P, et al. Redirection of silencing targets by adenosine-to-in osine editing of miRNAs [J]. Science, 2007, 315(5815):1137-1140.
120. Blow MJ, Grocock RJ, van Dongen S, et al. RNA editing of human microRNAs [J]. Genome Biol, 2006, 7(4):R27.
121. Sun G, Yan J, Noltner K, et al. SNPs in human miRNA genes affect biogenesis and function [J]. RNA, 2009, 15 (9):1640-1651.
122. Ryan BM, Robles AI, Harris CC. Genetic variation in microRNA networks: the implications for cancer research [J]. Nature reviews, 10(6):389-402.