Chromogranin peptides in brain diseases

Journal of Neural Transmission

Volumn 118, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 727-735

  Willis, Michael ^a   Leitner, Irmgard ^a   Jellinger, Kurt A ^b   Marksteiner, Josef ^c  

^a INNSBRUCK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Austria)

^b INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL NEUROBIOLOGY   (Austria)

^c LKH Hall ^*  (Austria)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Chromogranin A; Chromogranin B; Secretogranin II; Secretoneurin

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; CALCIUM ION; CHROMOGRANIN A; CHROMOGRANIN B; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR; SECRETOGRANIN II; SYNAPTOPHYSIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID PLAQUE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; BRAIN DISEASE; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CELL ACTIVATION; CHOLINERGIC TRANSMISSION; DIFFUSE LEWY BODY DISEASE; ENCEPHALITIS; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; HUMAN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING; MICROGLIA; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROMODULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEVEL; PROTEIN CONTENT; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN SECRETION; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; BRAIN DISEASES; CHROMOGRANINS; HUMANS; NERVE DEGENERATION;

EID: 79956195478     PISSN: 03009564     EISSN: 14351463     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0648-z     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. G Acsadi RA Anguelov H Yang G Toth R Thomas A Jani Y Wang E Ianakova S Mohammad RA Lewis ME Shy 2002 Increased survival and function of SOD1 mice after glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor gene therapy Hum Gene Ther 13 1047 1059 12067438 10.1089/104303402753812458 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xks12lsLY%3D (Pubitemid 34717851)
2. R Alarcon C Fuenzalida M Santibanez BR Von 2005 Expression of scavenger receptors in glial cells. Comparing the adhesion of astrocytes and microglia from neonatal rats to surface-bound beta-amyloid J Biol Chem 280 30406 30415 15987691 10.1074/jbc.M414686200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXos1Cru7c%3D (Pubitemid 41216224)
3. T Arendt 2009 Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease Acta Neuropathol 118 167 179 19390859 10.1007/s00401-009-0536-x
4. Bartolomucci A, Pasinetti GM, Salton SR (2010) Granins as disease-biomarkers: translational potential for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Neuroscience 170:289-297
5. M Bergmann K Kuchelmeister KW Schmid HA Kretzschmar R Schroder 1996 Different variants of frontotemporal dementia: a neuropathological and immunohistochemical study Acta Neuropathol 92 170 179 8841663 10.1007/s004010050505 1:STN:280:DyaK28vjvFegsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26248460)
6. J Ciesielski-Treska G Ulrich S Chasserot-Golaz J Zwiller MO Revel D Aunis MF Bader 2001 Mechanisms underlying neuronal death induced by chromogranin A-activated microglia J Biol Chem 276 13113 13120 11124958 10.1074/jbc. M009711200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFymsLs%3D
7. CM Davenport IG Sevastou C Hooper JM Pocock 2010 Inhibiting p53 pathways in microglia attenuates microglial-evoked neurotoxicity following exposure to Alzheimer peptides J Neurochem 112 552 563 19895660 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009. 06485.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVGisrY%3D
8. TC Dickson CE King GH McCormack JC Vickers 1999 Neurochemical diversity of dystrophic neurites in the early and late stages of Alzheimer's disease Exp Neurol 156 100 110 10192781 10.1006/exnr.1998.7010 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXis1CjsLg%3D (Pubitemid 29152987)
9. SL Eastwood PJ Harrison 2001 Synaptic pathology in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorders. A review and a Western blot study of synaptophysin, GAP-43 and the complexins Brain Res Bull 55 569 578 11576753 10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00530-5 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntVWqtLk%3D (Pubitemid 32888375)
10. SL Eastwood NJ Cairns PJ Harrison 2000 Synaptophysin gene expression in schizophrenia. Investigation of synaptic pathology in the cerebral cortex Br J Psychiatry 176 236 242 10755070 10.1192/bjp.176.3.236 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3c3hslyksA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30179842)
11. U Eder B Leitner R Kirchmair P Pohl KA Jobst AD Smith J Mally A Benzer P Riederer H Reichmann A Saria H Winkler 1998 Levels and proteolytic processing of chromogranin A and B and secretogranin II in cerebrospinal fluid in neurological diseases J Neural Transm 105 39 51 9588759 10.1007/s007020050036 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXivVylsr4%3D (Pubitemid 28132594)
12. SA Ezzi R Lariviere M Urushitani JP Julien 2010 Neuronal over-expression of chromogranin A accelerates disease onset in a mouse model of ALS J Neurochem 115 1102 1111 20807312 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06979.x
13. F Gros-Louis PM Andersen N Dupre M Urushitani P Dion F Souchon M D'Amour W Camu V Meininger JP Bouchard GA Rouleau JP Julien 2009 Chromogranin B P413L variant as risk factor and modifier of disease onset for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 21777 21782 20007371 10.1073/pnas. 0902174106 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltlKhtQ%3D%3D
14. PC Guest L Wang LW Harris K Burling Y Levin A Ernst MT Wayland Y Umrania M Herberth D Koethe JM van Beveren M Rothermundt G McAllister FM Leweke J Steiner S Bahn 2010 Increased levels of circulating insulin-related peptides in first-onset, antipsychotic naive schizophrenia patients Mol Psychiatry 15 118 119 20098438 10.1038/mp.2009.81 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3c%2FkvFyrsQ%3D%3D
15. ME Gurney 1997 The use of transgenic mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in preclinical drug studies J Neurol Sci 152 Suppl 1 S67 S73 9419057 10.1016/S0022-510X(97)00247-5 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVOku7o%3D (Pubitemid 27505293)
16. KB Helle 2004 The granin family of uniquely acidic proteins of the diffuse neuroendocrine system: comparative and functional aspects Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 79 769 794 15682870 10.1017/S146479310400644X (Pubitemid 39577122)
17. KB Helle 2010 Regulatory peptides from chromogranin A and secretogranin II: putative modulators of cells and tissues involved in inflammatory conditions Regul Pept 165 45 51 19800929 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.09.009 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXhsFait7fM
18. KB Helle 2010 The chromogranin A-derived peptides vasostatin-I and catestatin as regulatory peptides for cardiovascular functions Cardiovasc Res 85 9 16 19640932 10.1093/cvr/cvp266 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFGgt7rN
19. MT Heneka MK O'Banion D Terwel MP Kummer 2010 Neuroinflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease J Neural Transm 117 919 947 20632195 10.1007/s00702-010-0438-z 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpvVSrsL0%3D
20. JK Hinterhoelzl K Salimi C Humpel N Singewald C Adlassnig R Fischer-Colbrie WW Fleischhacker J Marksteiner 2003 Differential effects of phencyclidine application on secretogranin II expression in organotypic slices of rat prefrontal cortex J Neurochem 87 13 21 12969248 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003. 01989.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXotFSksLs%3D (Pubitemid 37210635)
21. M Honda H Akiyama Y Yamada H Kondo Y Kawabe M Takeya K Takahashi H Suzuki T Doi A Sakamoto S Ookawara M Mato PJ Gough DR Greaves S Gordon T Kodama M Matsushita 1998 Immunohistochemical evidence for a macrophage scavenger receptor in Mato cells and reactive microglia of ischemia and Alzheimer's disease Biochem Biophys Res Commun 245 734 740 9588184 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8120 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXislWrsb4%3D (Pubitemid 28413987)
22. C Hooper JM Pocock 2007 Chromogranin A activates diverse pathways mediating inducible nitric oxide expression and apoptosis in primary microglia Neurosci Lett 413 227 232 17267111 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.068 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsFOitLY%3D (Pubitemid 46217831)
23. C Hooper VA Fry IG Sevastou JM Pocock 2009 Scavenger receptor control of chromogranin A-induced microglial stress and neurotoxic cascades FEBS Lett 583 3461 3466 19800883 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.09.049 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlGhsr7F
24. CM Huang HA Shui YT Wu PW Chu KG Lin LS Kao ST Chen 2001 Proteomic analysis of proteins in PC12 cells before and after treatment with nerve growth factor: increased levels of a 43-kDa chromogranin B-derived fragment during neuronal differentiation Brain Res Mol Brain Res 92 181 192 11483256 10.1016/S0169-328X(01)00118-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXls1aqtbo%3D (Pubitemid 32718719)
25. WB Huttner S Natori 1995 Regulated secretion. Helper proteins for neuroendocrine secretion Curr Biol 5 242 245 7780730 10.1016/S0960-9822(95) 00049-2 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXksVGmsrg%3D
26. HJ Huttunen J Kuja-Panula H Rauvala 2002 Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling induces CREB-dependent chromogranin expression during neuronal differentiation J Biol Chem 277 38635 38646 12167613 10.1074/jbc.M202515200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xns1Cnt7w%3D (Pubitemid 35154724)
27. Iwazaki T, Shibata I, Niwa S, Matsumoto I (2004) Selective reduction of chromogranin A-like immunoreactivities in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects: a postmortem study. Neurosci Lett 367:293-297 (Pubitemid 39178599)
28. KA Jellinger C Bancher 1998 Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: a critical update J Neural Transm Suppl 54 77 95 9850917 1:CAS:528: DyaK1MXlt1CntA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28539345)
29. WA Kaufmann U Barnas C Humpel K Nowakowski C DeCol P Gurka G Ransmayr H Hinterhuber H Winkler J Marksteiner 1998 Synaptic loss reflected by secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease Eur J Neurosci 10 1084 1094 9753176 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00121.x 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvisVSqug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28375633)
30. PJ Kingham ML Cuzner JM Pocock 1999 Apoptotic pathways mobilized in microglia and neurones as a consequence of chromogranin A-induced microglial activation J Neurochem 73 538 547 10428049 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730538.x 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkslOqs78%3D (Pubitemid 29339826)
31. R Kirchmair R Gander M Egger A Hanley M Silver A Ritsch T Murayama N Kaneider W Sturm M Kearny R Fischer-Colbrie B Kircher H Gaenzer CJ Wiedermann AH Ropper DW Losordo JR Patsch P Schratzberger 2004 The neuropeptide secretoneurin acts as a direct angiogenic cytokine in vitro and in vivo Circulation 109 777 783 14970115 10.1161/01.CIR.0000112574.07422.C1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFWltb0%3D (Pubitemid 38222899)
32. Y Kitao T Inada T Arinami C Hirotsu S Aoki Y Iijima T Yamauchi G Yagi 2000 A contribution to genome-wide association studies: search for susceptibility loci for schizophrenia using DNA microsatellite markers on chromosomes 19, 20, 21 and 22 Psychiatr Genet 10 139 143 11204350 10.1097/00041444-200010030-00006 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3gt1GmsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32095328)
33. M Landen B Grenfeldt P Davidsson M Stridsberg B Regland CG Gottfries K Blennow 1999 Reduction of chromogranin A and B but not C in the cerebrospinal fluid in subjects with schizophrenia Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 9 311 315 10422891 10.1016/S0924-977X(98)00042-X 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzkvFOmtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29253782)
34. H Lassmann R Weiler P Fischer C Bancher K Jellinger E Floor W Danielczyk F Seitelberger H Winkler 1992 Synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease: immunological data for markers of synaptic and large dense-core vesicles Neuroscience 46 1 8 1594095 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90003-K 1:CAS:528: DyaK38XhtVeksrk%3D
35. T Lechner C Adlassnig C Humpel WA Kaufmann H Maier K Reinstadler-Kramer J Hinterholzl SK Mahata KA Jellinger J Marksteiner 2004 Chromogranin peptides in Alzheimer's disease Exp Gerontol 39 101 113 14724070 10.1016/j.exger.2003.09.018 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsFWhsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 38068265)
36. NR Mahapatra DT O'Connor SM Vaingankar AP Hikim M Mahata S Ray E Staite H Wu Y Gu N Dalton BP Kennedy MG Ziegler J Ross SK Mahata 2005 Hypertension from targeted ablation of chromogranin A can be rescued by the human ortholog J Clin Invest 115 1942 1952 16007257 10.1172/JCI24354 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlvF2qtLo%3D (Pubitemid 40979734)
37. SK Mahata M Mahata G Wen WB Wong NR Mahapatra BA Hamilton DT O'Connor 2004 The catecholamine release-inhibitory "catestatin" fragment of chromogranin a: naturally occurring human variants with different potencies for multiple chromaffin cell nicotinic cholinergic responses Mol Pharmacol 66 1180 1191 15326220 10.1124/mol.104.002139 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptVKmtL4%3D (Pubitemid 39411058)
38. J Marksteiner A Saria R Kirchmair R Pycha H Benesch R Fischer-Colbrie C Haring H Maier G Ransmayr 1993 Distribution of secretoneurin-like immunoreactivity in comparison with substance P- and enkephalin-like immunoreactivities in various human forebrain regions Eur J Neurosci 5 1573 1585 7510203 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00227.x 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7ntVWnug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24008945)
39. J Marksteiner R Bauer WA Kaufmann E Weiss U Barnas H Maier 1999 PE-11, a peptide derived from chromogranin B, in the human brain Neuroscience 91 1155 1170 10391491 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00676-9 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtFChsbc%3D (Pubitemid 29225644)
40. J Marksteiner U Weiss C Weis A Laslop R Fischer-Colbrie C Humpel J Feldon WW Fleischhacker 2001 Differential regulation of chromogranin A, chromogranin B and secretogranin II in rat brain by phencyclidine treatment Neuroscience 104 325 333 11377837 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00081-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjslSisrc%3D (Pubitemid 32493726)
41. J Marksteiner WA Kaufmann P Gurka C Humpel 2002 Synaptic proteins in Alzheimer's disease J Mol Neurosci 18 53 63 11931350 10.1385/JMN:18:1-2:53 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisVShsL8%3D (Pubitemid 34252624)
42. E Marti I Ferrer J Blasi 2001 Differential regulation of chromogranin A, chromogranin B and secretoneurin protein expression after transient forebrain ischemia in the gerbil Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 101 159 166 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXht1ejsrs%3D (Pubitemid 32124488)
43. N Mattsson P Johansson O Hansson A Wallin JO Johansson U Andreasson O Andersen S Haghighi M Olsson M Stridsberg J Svensson K Blennow H Zetterberg 2010 Converging pathways of chromogranin and amyloid metabolism in the brain J Alzheimers Dis 20 1039 1049 20413871 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXovFKgtrs%3D
44. Montesinos JD Machado M Camacho J Diaz YG Morales dlR Alvarez E Carmona A Castaneyra OH Viveros DT O'Connor SK Mahata R Borges 2008 The crucial role of chromogranins in storage and exocytosis revealed using chromaffin cells from chromogranin A null mouse J Neurosci 28 3350 3358 18367602 10.1523/JNEUROSCI. 5292-07.2008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkt1ahtrY%3D (Pubitemid 351469310)
45. DG Munoz 1991 Chromogranin A-like immunoreactive neurites are major constituents of senile plaques Lab Invest 64 826 832 1710735 1:STN:280:DyaK3M3mtVShsg%3D%3D
46. C Nowakowski WA Kaufmann C Adlassnig H Maier K Salimi KA Jellinger J Marksteiner 2002 Reduction of chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity in distinct subregions of the hippocampus from individuals with schizophrenia Schizophr Res 58 43 53 12363389 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00389-9 (Pubitemid 35287282)
47. S Obermuller F Calegari A King A Lindqvist I Lundquist A Salehi M Francolini P Rosa P Rorsman WB Huttner S Barg 2010 Defective secretion of islet hormones in chromogranin-B deficient mice PLoS One 5 e8936 20126668 10.1371/journal.pone.0008936
48. RJ Perrin R Craig-Schapiro JP Malone AR Shah P Gilmore AE Davis CM Roe ER Peskind G Li DR Galasko CM Clark JF Quinn JA Kaye JC Morris DM Holtzman RR Townsend AM Fagan 2011 Identification and validation of novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for staging early Alzheimer's disease PLoS One 6 e16032 21264269 10.1371/journal.pone.0016032 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVSit7k%3D
49. E Rockenstein M Mallory M Mante A Sisk E Masliaha 2001 Early formation of mature amyloid-beta protein deposits in a mutant APP transgenic model depends on levels of Abeta(1-42) J Neurosci Res 66 573 582 11746377 10.1002/jnr.1247 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotl2gu7w%3D (Pubitemid 33032326)
50. RM Salem PE Cadman Y Chen F Rao G Wen BA Hamilton BK Rana DW Smith M Stridsberg HJ Ward M Mahata SK Mahata DW Bowden PJ Hicks BI Freedman NJ Schork DT O'Connor 2008 Chromogranin A polymorphisms are associated with hypertensive renal disease J Am Soc Nephrol 19 600 614 18235090 10.1681/ASN.2007070754 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXktVamt7o%3D (Pubitemid 351355404)
51. A Saria J Troger R Kirchmair R Fischer-Colbrie R Hogue-Angeletti H Winkler 1993 Secretoneurin releases dopamine from rat striatal slices: a biological effect of a peptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C) Neuroscience 54 1 4 8515836 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90377-R 1:CAS:528: DyaK3sXkvVKqs7o%3D (Pubitemid 23147082)
52. A Schrott-Fischer M Bitsche C Humpel C Walcher H Maier K Jellinger W Rabl R Glueckert J Marksteiner 2009 Chromogranin peptides in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Regul Pept 152 13 21 18721831 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.07.009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsV2lur7K
53. LD Selemon PS Goldman-Rakic 1999 The reduced neuropil hypothesis: a circuit based model of schizophrenia Biol Psychiatry 45 17 25 9894571 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00281-9 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7htF2nsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29049200)
54. WC Shyu SZ Lin MF Chiang DC Chen CY Su HJ Wang RS Liu CH Tsai H Li 2008 Secretoneurin promotes neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity via the Jak2/Stat3 pathway in murine models of stroke J Clin Invest 118 133 148 18079966 10.1172/JCI32723 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXksFOlsw%3D%3D
55. RA Sweet KN Fish DA Lewis 2010 Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in subjects with schizophrenia Front Hum Neurosci 4 44 20631852
56. N Takahashi R Ishihara S Saito N Maemo N Aoyama X Ji H Miura M Ikeda N Iwata T Suzuki T Kitajima Y Yamanouchi Y Kinoshita N Ozaki T Inada 2006 Association between chromogranin A gene polymorphism and schizophrenia in the Japanese population Schizophr Res 83 179 183 16504480 10.1016/j.schres.2005.12. 854
57. L Taupenot KL Harper DT O'Connor 2003 The chromogranin-secretogranin family N Engl J Med 348 1134 1149 12646671 10.1056/NEJMra021405 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXit1Smur4%3D (Pubitemid 36337325)
58. RD Terry 2000 Cell death or synaptic loss in Alzheimer disease J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59 1118 1119 11138931 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FotVyitw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32006314)
59. 2+ channel J Biol Chem 278 49699 49706 14506248 10.1074/jbc.M309307200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpslSrtbo%3D (Pubitemid 37548802)
60. F Torrealba MA Carrasco 2004 A review on electron microscopy and neurotransmitter systems Brain Res Brain Res Rev 47 5 17 15572159 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.06.004 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVantLrN (Pubitemid 39574307)
61. G Ulrich J Ciesielski-Treska L Taupenot MF Bader 2002 Chromogranin A-activated microglial cells induce neuronal apoptosis Ann N Y Acad Sci 971 560 562 12438183 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04527.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovFaltLg%3D (Pubitemid 35305357)
62. M Urushitani A Sik T Sakurai N Nukina R Takahashi JP Julien 2006 Chromogranin-mediated secretion of mutant superoxide dismutase proteins linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Nat Neurosci 9 108 118 16369483 10.1038/nn1603 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlCms7rF (Pubitemid 43011916)
63. R Weiler H Lassmann P Fischer K Jellinger H Winkler 1990 A high ratio of chromogranin A to synaptin/synaptophysin is a common feature of brains in Alzheimer and Pick disease FEBS Lett 263 337 339 2110534 10.1016/0014-5793(90) 81408-G 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXkt1Wks7w%3D (Pubitemid 20143022)
64. M Willis M Prokesch B Hutter-Paier M Windisch M Stridsberg SK Mahata R Kirchmair G Wietzorrek HG Knaus K Jellinger C Humpel J Marksteiner 2008 Chromogranin B and Secretogranin II in transgenic mice overexpressing human APP751 with the London (V717I) and Swedish (K670M/N671L) mutations and in Alzheimer patients J Alzheimers Dis 13 123 135 18376054 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXks1arsbY%3D (Pubitemid 352038523)
65. H Winkler R Fischer-Colbrie 1992 The chromogranins A and B: the first 25 years and future perspectives Neuroscience 49 497 528 1501763 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90222-N 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xlt1Kmtrg%3D
66. S Wu J Ma Q Xing Y Xu J Meng D Cao G Feng L He 2007 Further evidence that the chromogranin B gene confers predisposition to schizophrenia: a family-based association study in Chinese J Neural Transm 114 641 644 17143778 10.1007/s00702-006-0600-9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXksF2ksL8%3D (Pubitemid 46664045)
67. O Yasuhara T Kawamata Y Aimi EG McGeer PL McGeer 1994 Expression of chromogranin A in lesions in the central nervous system from patients with neurological diseases Neurosci Lett 170 13 16 8041489 10.1016/0304-3940(94) 90227-5 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXkvVSisLo%3D (Pubitemid 24117275)
68. 2+ storage protein of secretory granules J Biol Chem 275 15067 15073 10748130 10.1074/jbc.M909391199 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsFantbk%3D (Pubitemid 30337227)