Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: A critical update

Journal of Neural Transmission, Supplement

Volumn , Issue 54, 1998, Pages 77-95

  Jellinger, K A ^a,b   Bancher, C ^a  

^a LUDWIG BOLTZMANN INSTITUTE FOR LUNG VASCULAR RESEARCH   (Austria)

^b INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL NEUROBIOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4; DNA FRAGMENT; TAU PROTEIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; APOPTOSIS; AUTOPSY; BRAIN ATROPHY; CLINICAL FEATURE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPIL THREAD; PAIRED HELICAL FILAMENT; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; AGED; BRAIN; CYTOSKELETON; DEMENTIA; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; PATHOLOGY; SENILE PLAQUE;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN; BRAIN; CYTOSKELETON; DEMENTIA; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; SENILE PLAQUES;

EID: 0031593592     PISSN: 03036995     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7508-8_8     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Arriagada PV, Growdon JH, Hedley-Whyte T, Hyman BT (1992) Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 42: 631-639
2. Bancher C, Jellinger K (1994) Neurofibrillary tangle predominant form of senile dementia of Alzheimer type: a rare subtype in very old subjects. Acta Neuropathol 88: 565-570
3. Bancher C, Braak H, Fischer P, Jellinger K (1993) Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer lesions and intellectual status in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 162: 179-182
4. Bancher C, Jellinger K, Lassmann H, Fischer P, Leblhuber F (1996) Correlations between mental state and quantitative neuropathology in the Vienna Prospective Longitudinal Study on Dementia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246: 137-146
5. Bancher C, Lassmann H, Breitschopf H, Jellinger K (1997) Mechanisms of cell death in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm [Suppl] 50: 141-152
6. Bancher C, Paulus W, Paukner K, Jellinger K (1997a) Neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: consensus between practicing neuropathologists? Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 11: 207-219
7. Bancher C, Egensperger R, Kösel S, Jellinger K, Graeber MB (1997b) Low prevalence of apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in the neurofibrillary tangle predominant form of senile dementia. Acta Neuropathol 94: 403-409
8. Beach TG, Honer WG, Hughes LH (1997) Cholinergic fibre loss associated with diffuse plaques in the non-demented elderly: the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease? Acta Neuropathol 93: 146-151
9. Bennett DA, Cochran EJH, Saper CB (1993) Pathological changes in frontal cortex from biopsy to autopsy in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 14: 589-596
10. Berg L, McKeel DW, Miller JP, Barty J, Morris JC (1993) Neuropathological indexes of Alzheimer's disease in demented and nondemented persons aged 80 years and older. Arch Neurol 50: 349-358
11. Bierer LM, Haroutunian V, Gabriel S, Knott PJ, Carlin LS, Purohit DP, Perl DP, Schmeidler J, Kanof P, Davis KL (1995a) Neurochemical correlates of dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease: relative importance of the cholinergic deficits. J Neurochem 64: 749-760
12. Bierer LM, Hof PR, Purohit DP, Carlin L, Schmeidler J, Davis KL, Perl DP (1995b) Neocortical neurofibrillary tangles correlate with dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 52: 81-88
13. Blacker D, Albert MS, Bassett SS, Go RC, Harrell LE, Folstein MF (1994) Reliability and validity of NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for Alzheimer's disease. The National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative. Arch Neurol 51: 1198-1204
14. Blennow K, Bogdanovic N, Alafuzoff I, Ekman R, Davidson P (1996) Synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease: relation to severity of dementia but not to senile plaques neurofibrillary tangles or the Apo E 4 allele. J Neural Transm 103: 603-618
15. Bogdanovic N, Morris J (1995) Diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease in multi-centre brain banking. In: Cruz-Sanchez FF, Ravid R, Cuzner M (eds) Neuropathological diagnostic criteria for brain banking. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 20-29
16. Braak H, Braak E (1991) Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82: 239-259
17. Braak H, Braak E (1996) Development of Alzheimer-related neurofibrillary changes in the neocortex inversely recapitulates cortical myelogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 92: 197-201
18. Braak H, Duyckaerts C, Braak E, Piette F (1993) Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes correlates with psychometrically assessed intellectual status. In: Corain B, et al (eds) Alzheimer's disease. Advances in clinical and basic research. Wiley, Chichester, pp 131-137
19. Callahan LM, Coleman PD (1995) Neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles are responsible for selected synaptic deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 16: 311-314
20. Chui HC, Tierney M, Zarow C, Lewis A, Sobel E, Perlmutter LS (1993) Neuropathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: interrater reliability in the assessment of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 7: 48-54
21. Chui H, Zhang Q, Victoroff J, Zaias B (1996) Differentiating Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: reframing the question. In: Becker P, Giacobini F (eds) Alzheimer's disease: from molecular biology to therapy. Birkhäuser, Boston, pp 13-17
22. Corey-Bloom J, Sabbagh MN, Hansen LA, et al (1997) "Plaque-only" Alzheimer's disease: a clinical and pathologic examination. Neurology 48: A103
23. Crystal H, Dickson D, Fuld P, Masur D, Scott R, Mehler M, Masdeu J, Kawas C, Aronson M, Wolfson L (1988) Clinico-pathological studies in dementia: nondemented subjects with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 38: 1682-1687
24. Crystal HA, Dickson DW, Slowinski MJ, Lipton RB, Grober E, Marks-Nelson H, Antis P (1993) Pathological markers associated with normal aging and dementia in the elderly. Ann Neurol 34: 566-573
25. DeKosky ST, Scheff SW (1990) Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with cognitive severity. Ann Neurol 27: 457-464
26. Delaere P, Duyckaerts C, He Y, Piette F, Hauw JJ (1991) Subtypes and differential laminar distribution of βA4 deposits without neuritic plaques or tangles in Alzheimer's disease: relationship with the intellectual status of 26 cases. Acta Neuropathol 81: 328-338
27. Dickson DW (1997) The pathogenesis of senile plaques. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 321-339
28. Dickson DW, Crystal HA, Mattiace LA, Masur DM, Blau AD, Davies P, Yen SM, Aronson MN (1991) Identification of normal and pathological aging in prospectively studied nondemented elderly humans. Neurobiol Aging 13: 179-189
29. Dickson DW, Davies P, Bevona C, et al (1994) Hippocampal sclerosis: a common pathological feature of dementia in very old (80 years of age) humans. Acta Neuropathol 88: 212-221
30. Dickson DW, Crystal HA, Bevona C, Honer W, Vincent I, Davies P (1995) Correlations of synaptic and pathological markers with cognition of the elderly. Neurobiol Aging 16: 285-304
31. Duyckaerts C, Delaère P, Hauw JJ (1990) Rating of the lesions in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type: concordance between laboratories. J Neurol Sci 97: 295-323
32. Esiri MM, Hyman BT, Beyreuther K, Masters CL (1997) Ageing and dementia. In: Graham DI, Lantos PL (eds) Greenfield's neuropathology, 6th ed. E Arnold, London Sidney Auckland, pp 152-233
33. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) "Mini-Mental State": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatry Res 12: 189-198
34. Galasko D, Hansen LA, Katzman R, Widerholt W, Masliah E, Terry RD, Hill LR, Lessin P, Thal LJ (1994) Clinical-neuropathological correlations in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Arch Neurol 51: 888-895
35. Gearing M, Mirra SS (1997) Alzheimer's disease with concomitant Parkinson's disease changes: two subgroups defined by neurofibrillary pathology (abstr). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 616
36. Gearing M, Mirra SS, Hedreen JC, Sumi SM, Hansen LA, Heyman A (1995) The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part X. Neuropathology confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 45: 461-461
37. Gearing M, Schneider LA, Mori H, Mirra SS (1996) Progression of Alzheimer's disease pathology from biopsy to autopsy (abstr). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62: 64
38. Gertz HJ, Xuereb JH, Huppert FA, et al (1996) The relationship between clinical dementia and neuropathological staging (Braak) in a very elderly community sample. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 246: 152-156
39. Gertz HJ, Xuereb J, Huppert F, Brayne C, McGee MA, Paykel E, Harrington C, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Arend T, Wischik CM (1998) Examination of the validity of the hierarchical model of neuropathological staging in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 95: 154-158
40. Geula C, Mesulam MM, Saroff DM, Wu C-K (1998) Relationship between plaques, tangles, and loss of cortical cholinergic fibers in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 57: 63-75
41. Giannakopoulos P, Hof PR, Giannakopoulos A-S, Herrmann FR, Michel J-P, Bouras C (1995) Regional distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral cortex of very old patients. Arch Neurol 52: 1150-1159
42. Giannakopoulos P, Hof PR, Kovari E, Vallet P, Hermann FR, Bouras C (1996) Distinct patterns of neuronal loss and Alzheimer's disease lesion distribution in elderly individuals older than 90 years. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55: 1210-1220
43. Gomez-Igla T, Price T, Hyman BT, Morris DW, Growdon JH, Hyman BT (1996) Profound loss of layer II of entorhinal cortex neurons in very mild Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 16: 4491-4500
44. Gomez-Isla T, Hollister R, West H, et al (1997) Neuronal loss correlates with but exceeds neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 41: 17-24
45. Hansen LA, Masliah E, Galasko D, Terry RD (1993) Plaque-only Alzheimer disease is usually the Lewy body variant and vice versa. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 52: 648-654
46. Heinonen O, Soininen H, Sorvari H, Kosunen O, Paljärvi I, Koivisto E, Riekkienen PJ (1995) Loss of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation as an early phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 64: 375-384
47. Heffernan M, Eastwood JS, Nagy Z, Sanders MW, McDonald B, Harrison PG (1998) Temporal cortex synaptophysin mRNA is reduced in Alzheimer's disease and is negatively correlated with the severity of dementia. Exp Neurol 150: 235-239
48. Hof PR, Morrison JH (1994) The cellular basis of cortical disconnection in Alzheimer disease and related dementing conditions. In: Terry RD, Katzman R, Bick KL (eds) Alzheimer disease. Raven Press, New York, pp 197-229
49. Hsiao K, Chapman P, Nilsen S, et al (1996) Correlative memory deficits, Aβ elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice. Science 274: 99-102
50. Hyman BT (1996) Anatomy of pathological alterations in Alzheimer's disease. In: Wlasco W, Tanzi E (eds) Molecular mechanisms of dementia. Humana Press, Totowa NJ, pp 219-223
51. Hyman BT, Trojanowski JQ (1997) Editorial on Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 1095-1097
52. Hyman BT, Marzloff K, Arriagada PV (1993) The lack of accumulation of senile plaques or amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease suggests a dynamic balance between amyloid deposition and resolution. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 52: 594-600
53. Ikeda K, Akiyama H, Arai T, Sahara N, Mori H, Usami M, Sakata M, Mizutani T, Wakabayashi K, Takahashi H (1997) A subset of senile dementia high incidence of the ApoE ε2 allele. Ann Neurol 41: 693-695
54. Jellinger KA (1996) Structural basis of dementia in neurodegenerative disorders Neuropathological overview. J Neural Transm [suppl] 47: 1-29
55. Jellinger KA, Bancher C (1997) Proposals for re-evaluation of current autopsy criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 18/S4: S55-S65
56. Jellinger KA, Bancher C (1998) Senile dementia with tangles (tangle predominant form of senile dementia). Brain Pathol 8: 367-376
57. Jellinger K, Bancher C, Fischer P, Lassmann H (1992) Quantitative histopathologic validation of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Eur J Gerontol 3: 146-156
58. Kasa P, Rakonczay Z, Gulyai K (1997) The cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease. Progr Neurobiol 52: 511-535
59. Katzman R, Terry R, DeTeresa R, Brown T, Davies P, Fuld P, Renbig X, Peck A (1988) Clinical pathological and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Ann Neurol 23: 138-144
60. Kazee AM, Eskin TA, Lapham LW, Gabriel RR, McDaniel RD, Hamill RW (1993) Clinicopathologic correlates in Alzheimer's disease - assessment of clinical and pathologic diagnostic criteria. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 7: 152-164
61. Khachaturian ZS (1985) Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 42: 1097-1105
62. Klatka LA, Schiffer RB, Powers JM, Kazee AM (1996) Incorrect diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease A clinicopathological study. Arch Neurol 53: 35-42
63. Kosunen O, Soininen H, Paljarvi L, Heinonen O, Talasniemi S, Riekkinen S (1996) Diagnostic accuracy of Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathologic study. Acta Neuropathol 91: 185-193
64. Lassmann H, Weiler R, Fischer P, Bancher C, Jellinger K (1992) Synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease: immunological data for markers of synaptic and large dense core vesicles. Neuroscience 46: 1-8
65. Lassmann H, Bancher C, Breitschopf H, Wegiel F, Bobinski M, Jellinger K, Wisniewski HM (1995) Cell death in Alzheimer's disease evaluated by DNA fragmentation in situ. Acta Neuropathol 89: 35-41
66. Leverenz JB, Raskind MA (1998) Early amyloid deposition in medial temporal lobe of young Down syndrome patients: a regional quantitative analysis. Exp Neurol 150: 296-304
67. Litvan I, Hauw JJ, Bartko JJ, et al (1996) Validity and reliability of the preliminary NINDS neuropathological criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy and related disorders. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55: 97-105
68. Mackenzie IRA (1994) Senile plaques do not progressively accumulate with normal aging. Acta Neuropathol 87: 520-525
69. Mackenzie IRA, McLachlan RS, Kubu CS, Miller LA (1996) Prospective neuropsychological assessment of nondemented patients with biopsy proven senile plaques. Neurology 46: 425-429
70. Masliah E, Mallory M, Alford M, Ge N, Mucke L (1995) Abnormal synaptoc regeneration in hAPP695 transgenic and APOE knockout mice. In: Iqbal K, Mortimer JA, Winblad B, Wisniewski HM (eds) Research advances in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Wiley, London, pp 405-414
71. McKee AC, Kosik KS, Kowall NW (1992) Neuritic pathology and dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 30: 156-165
72. McKeel DW Jr, Ball MJ, Price JL, Smith DS, Miller JP, Berg L (1993) Interlaboratory histopathologic assessment of Alzheimer's neuropathology: different methodologies yield comparable diagnostic results. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 7: 136-153
73. McKeith IG, Galasko D, Kosaka K, Perry EK, Dickson DW, Hansen LA, Salmon DP, Lowe J, Mirra SS, Byrne EJ, Quinn NP, Edwardson JA, Ince PG, Bergeron C, Burns A, Miller BL, Loverstone S, Collerton D, Jansen ENH, de Vos RAI, Wilcock GK, Jellinger KA, Perry RH (1996) Clinical and pathological diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the CDLB International Workshop. Neurology 47: 1113-1124
74. Mirra SS, Heyman A McKeel D, Sumi SM, Crain BJ, Brownlee LM, Vogel FS, Hughes JP, Van Belle G, Berg L (1991) The Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 41: 479-486
75. Mirra SS, Hart MN, Terry RD (1993) Making the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117: 132-144
76. Mirra SS, Gearing M, McKeel D, Crain BJ, Hughes JP, Van Belle G, Heyman A (1994) Interlaboratory comparison of neuropathology assessments in Alzheimer's disease: a study of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53: 303-315
77. Mirra SS, Gearing M, Heyman A (1994) CERAD guide to the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. CERAD, Durham NC
78. Morris JC, McKeel DW Jr, Storandt M, Rubin EM, Price JL, Grant EA, Ball MJ, Berg L (1991) Very mild Alzheimer's disease: informant-based clinical psychometric and pathological distinction from normal aging. Neurology 41: 469-478
79. Morris JC, Storandt M, McKeel DW, Rubin EH, Price JL, Grant EA, Berg L (1996) Cerebral amyloid deposition and diffuse plaques in "normal" aging: evidence for presymptomatic and very mild Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 46: 707-719
80. Nagy Z, Esiri MM, Cate AM, Smith AD (1997b) Cell cycle markers in the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 94: 6-15
81. Nagy Z, Esiri MM, Jobst KA, et al (1997b) The effects of additional pathology on the cognitive deficit in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 165-170
82. Newell K, Hyman B, Growdon J, Hedley-Whyte ET (1997) Evaluation of NIA-Reagan institute criteria for the neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (abstr). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 593
83. Paulus W, Bancher C, Jellinger K (1992) Interrater reliability in the neuropathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 42: 329-332
84. Perl DP, Purohit DP, Haroutunian V (1997) Clinicopathologic correlations of the Alzheimer's disease staging system introduced by Braak and Braak (abstr). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 577
85. Perry EK, Court JA, Lloyd S, Johnson M, Griffiths MH, Spurden D, Piggott MA, Turner J, Perry RH (1996) β-amyloidosis in normal aging and transmitter signaling in human temporal lobe. Ann NY Acad Sci 777: 388-392
86. Poirier J, Aubert I, Quirion R, Gauthier S, et al (1996) Apolipoprotein E4 and cholinergic activity in Alzheimer's brains. In: Becker R, Giacobini E (eds) Alzheimer disease: from molecular biology to therapy. Birkhäuser, Boston, pp 55-60
87. Pratt S, Prinz M, Mitrovic T, Cervos-Navarro J (1995) Neuropathological diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia. In: Cruz-Sanchez FF, Ravid R, Cuzner M (eds) Neuropathological diagnostic criteria for brain banking. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 55-64
88. Price JL, Davis PB, Morris JC, White DL (1992) The distribution of tangles plaques and related immunohistochemical markers in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 12: 295-312
89. Samuel W, Masliah E, Hill R, Butters N, Terry R (1994) Hippocampal connectivity and Alzheimer's dementia: effects of synapse loss and tangle frequency in a two-component model. Neurology 44: 2081-2088
90. Samuel W, Terry RD, DeTeresa R, Butters N, Masliah E (1994) Clinical correlates of cortical and nucleus basalis pathology in Alzheimer dementia. Arch Neurol 51: 772-778
91. Scheff SW, Price DA (1993) Synapse loss in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 33: 190-199
92. Spillantini MG, Crowther RA, Goedert M (1996) Comparison of the neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease and familial presenile dementia with tangles. Acta Neuropathol 92: 42-48
93. Spillantini MG, Bird TD, Ghetti B.(1998) Frontotemporal dementia and parkinonism linked to chromosome 17: a new group of tauopathies. Brain Pathol 8: 387-402
94. Terry RD, Hansen LA, DeTeresa R, Davies P, Tobias H, Katzman R (1987) Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type without neocortical neurofibrillary tangles. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 46: 262-268
95. Terry RD, Masliah E, Salmon DP (1991) Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 30: 572-580
96. Terry RT (1996) Basis of structural Alzheimer disease and some pathogenic concepts. In: Becker P, Giacobini F (eds) Alzheimer's disease: from molecular biology to therapy. Birkhäuser, Boston, pp 19-23
97. Tierney MC, Fischer H, Lewis AJ, Zorzitto ML, Snow WG, Reid DW, Nieuwstraten P (1988) The NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group criteria for the clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease: clinicopathological study of 57 cases. Neurology 38: 356-364
98. Trojanowski JQ, Shin RW, Schmidt ML, Lee VMY (1995) Relationship between plaques tangles and dystrophic processes in Alzheimers disease. Neurobiol Aging 16: 335-340
99. Troncoso JC, Suknov RR, Kawas CH, Koliatsos VE (1996a) In situ labelling of dying cortical neurons in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease: correlations with senile plaques and disease progression. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55: 1134-1142
100. Troncoso JC, Margin LJ, Dal Forno G, Kawas CH (1996b) Neuropathology in controls and demented subjects from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neurobiol Aging 17: 365-371
101. Ulrich J, Spillantini MG, Goedert M, Dukas L, Stähelin HB (1992) Abundant neurofibrillary tangles without senile plaques in a subset of patients with senile dementia. Neurodegeneration 1: 257-284
102. Vermersch P, David JP, Frigard B, Falletbianco C, Wattez A, Petit H, Delacourte A (1995) Cortical mapping of Alzheimer pathology in brains of aged non-demented subjects. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 19: 1035-1047
103. Victoroff J, Mack WJ, Lyness SA, Chui HC (1995) Multicenter clinicopathological correlation in dementia. Am J Psychiatry 152: 1476-1484
104. Wang D, Munoz DG (1995) Qualitative and quantitative differences in senile plaque dystrophic neurites of Alzheimer's disease and normal aged brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 54: 548-556
105. Wilcock GK, Esiri MM (1982) Plaques tangles and dementia. A quantitative study. J Neurol Sci 56: 343-356
106. Xuereb JH, Gertz HJ, Huppert F, Brayne C, Wischik CM, Mukaetova-Ladinska E (1995) The application of Braak's staging model of Alzheimer-type pathology to neuropathological diagnosis of dementia (abstr). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 21: 44
107. Zhan S-S, Veerhuis R, Kamphorst W, Eikelenboom P (1995) Distribution of beta amyloid associated proteins in plaques in Alzheimer's disease and in the non-demented elderly. Neurodegeneration 4: 291-297