메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 63, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 564-584

Short-range probabilistic forecasts from the Norwegian limited-area EPS: Long-term validation and a polar low study

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FORECASTING METHOD; LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); PROBABILITY; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; WEATHER FORECASTING;

EID: 79954512578     PISSN: 02806495     EISSN: 16000870     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00502.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0035270690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive sampling with the ensemble transform Kalman filter. Part I: theoretical aspects
    • Bishop, C. H., Etherton, B. J. and Majundar, S. J. 2001. Adaptive sampling with the ensemble transform Kalman filter. Part I: theoretical aspects. Mon.Wea.Rev. 129, 420-436.
    • (2001) Mon.Wea.Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 420-436
    • Bishop, C.H.1    Etherton, B.J.2    Majundar, S.J.3
  • 2
    • 0242710772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability as a function of scale
    • Boer, G. J. 2003. Predictability as a function of scale. Atmos-Ocean 41, 203-215.
    • (2003) Atmos-Ocean , vol.41 , pp. 203-215
    • Boer, G.J.1
  • 4
    • 33748658227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of error breeding, singular vectors, random perturbations and ensemble Kalman filter perturbation strategies on a simple model
    • Bowler, N. E. 2006. Comparison of error breeding, singular vectors, random perturbations and ensemble Kalman filter perturbation strategies on a simple model. Tellus 58A, 538-548.
    • (2006) Tellus , vol.58 A , pp. 538-548
    • Bowler, N.E.1
  • 5
    • 33745462455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicitily accounting for observation error in categorical verification of forecasts
    • Bowler, N. E. 2006. Explicitily accounting for observation error in categorical verification of forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev. 134, 1600-1606.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 1600-1606
    • Bowler, N.E.1
  • 7
    • 69549098197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble transform Kalman filter perturbations for a regional ensemble prediction system
    • Bowler, N. E. and Mylne, K. R. 2009. Ensemble transform Kalman filter perturbations for a regional ensemble prediction system. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 135, 757-766.
    • (2009) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 757-766
    • Bowler, N.E.1    Mylne, K.R.2
  • 8
    • 0022164710 scopus 로고
    • A note on CISK in polar air masses
    • Bratseth, A. M. 1985. A note on CISK in polar air masses. Tellus 37A, 403-406.
    • (1985) Tellus , vol.37 A , pp. 403-406
    • Bratseth, A.M.1
  • 9
    • 0028581573 scopus 로고
    • Localization of optimal perturbations using a projection operator
    • Buizza, R. 1994. Localization of optimal perturbations using a projection operator. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 120, 1647-1681.
    • (1994) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.120 , pp. 1647-1681
    • Buizza, R.1
  • 10
    • 0029412335 scopus 로고
    • The Singular-Vector Structure of the Atmospheric Global Circulation
    • Buizza, R. and Palmer, T. N. 1995. The Singular-Vector Structure of the Atmospheric Global Circulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 52, 1434-1456.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1434-1456
    • Buizza, R.1    Palmer, T.N.2
  • 11
    • 0027835599 scopus 로고
    • Computation of optimal unstable structures for a numerical weather prediction model
    • Buizza, R., Tribbia, J., Molteni, F. and Palmer, T. 1993. Computation of optimal unstable structures for a numerical weather prediction model. Tellus 45A, 388-407.
    • (1993) Tellus , vol.45 A , pp. 388-407
    • Buizza, R.1    Tribbia, J.2    Molteni, F.3    Palmer, T.4
  • 12
    • 0033403384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic representation of model uncertainties in the ECMWF ensemble prediction system
    • Buizza, R., Miller, M. and Palmer, T. N. 1999. Stochastic representation of model uncertainties in the ECMWF ensemble prediction system. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 125, 2887-2908.
    • (1999) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.125 , pp. 2887-2908
    • Buizza, R.1    Miller, M.2    Palmer, T.N.3
  • 13
    • 79954535954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kain-Fritsch convection in HIRLAM. Present status and prospects
    • Available at:
    • Calvo, J. 2007. Kain-Fritsch convection in HIRLAM. Present status and prospects. HIRLAM newsletter 52, 57-64 Available at:
    • (2007) HIRLAM newsletter , vol.52 , pp. 57-64
    • Calvo, J.1
  • 14
    • 0001193751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-range ensemble forecasting of quantitive precipitation
    • Du, J., Mullen, S. L. and Sanders, F. 1997. Short-range ensemble forecasting of quantitive precipitation. Mon. Weather Rev. 125, 2427-2459.
    • (1997) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 2427-2459
    • Du, J.1    Mullen, S.L.2    Sanders, F.3
  • 15
    • 2442427970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCEP short-range ensemble forecasting (SREF) system: multi-IC, multi-model and multi-physics approach
    • Ed: J. Cote, Report 33, CAS/JSC Working Group Numerical Experimentation (WGNE), WMO/TD-No. 1161, 5.09-5.10. Available at:
    • Du, J., DiMego, G., Tracton, M. S. and Zhou, B. 2003. NCEP short-range ensemble forecasting (SREF) system: multi-IC, multi-model and multi-physics approach. Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling Ed: J. Cote, Report 33, CAS/JSC Working Group Numerical Experimentation (WGNE), WMO/TD-No. 1161, 5.09-5.10. Available at:
    • (2003) Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling
    • Du, J.1    DiMego, G.2    Tracton, M.S.3    Zhou, B.4
  • 16
    • 0024567558 scopus 로고
    • Polar lows as arctic hurricanes
    • Emanuel, K. A. and Rotunno, R. 1989. Polar lows as arctic hurricanes. Tellus 49A, 1-17.
    • (1989) Tellus , vol.49 A , pp. 1-17
    • Emanuel, K.A.1    Rotunno, R.2
  • 17
    • 42549103051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the effect of ensemble size on the discrete and continuous ranked probability scores
    • Ferro, C. A.T., Richardson, D. S. and Weigel, A. P. 2008. On the effect of ensemble size on the discrete and continuous ranked probability scores. Metorol. Appl. 15, 19-24.
    • (2008) Metorol. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 19-24
    • Ferro, C.A.1    Richardson, D.S.2    Weigel, A.P.3
  • 18
    • 0035118246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted ensemble prediction for northern Europe and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean
    • Frogner, I.-L. and Iversen, T. 2001. Targeted ensemble prediction for northern Europe and parts of the North Atlantic Ocean. Tellus 53A, 35-55.
    • (2001) Tellus , vol.53 A , pp. 35-55
    • Frogner, I.-L.1    Iversen, T.2
  • 19
    • 0036544575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution limited area ensemble predictions based on low-resolution targeted singular vectors
    • Frogner, I.-L. and Iversen, T. 2002. High-resolution limited area ensemble predictions based on low-resolution targeted singular vectors. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 128, 1321-1341.
    • (2002) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 1321-1341
    • Frogner, I.-L.1    Iversen, T.2
  • 20
    • 79954545159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EuroTEPS - A targeted version of ECMWF EPS for the European area
    • this issue.
    • Frogner, I.-L. and Iversen, T. 2011. EuroTEPS - A targeted version of ECMWF EPS for the European area. Tellus 63A, this issue.
    • (2011) Tellus , vol.63 A
    • Frogner, I.-L.1    Iversen, T.2
  • 21
    • 33846867513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited-area ensemble predictions at the Norwegian Meteorolgical Institute
    • Frogner, I.-L., Haakenstad, H. and Iversen, T. 2006. Limited-area ensemble predictions at the Norwegian Meteorolgical Institute. Q.J.R. Metorol. Soc. 132, 2785-2808.
    • (2006) Q.J.R. Metorol. Soc. , vol.132 , pp. 2785-2808
    • Frogner, I.-L.1    Haakenstad, H.2    Iversen, T.3
  • 22
    • 79954454597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-model ensemble for short-range predictability. 3rd International Verification Methods Workshop, ECMWF, Reading, UK
    • Garcia-Moya, J. A., Callado, A., Santos, C., Santos, D. and Simarro, J. 2007. Multi-model ensemble for short-range predictability. 3rd International Verification Methods Workshop, ECMWF, Reading, UK
    • (2007)
    • Garcia-Moya, J.A.1    Callado, A.2    Santos, C.3    Santos, D.4    Simarro, J.5
  • 23
    • 0034859139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional variational data assimilation for a limited area model. Part I: general formulation and the background error constraint
    • co-authors. .
    • Gustafsson, N., Berre, L., Hörnquist, S., Huang, X.-Y., Lindskog, M. and co-authors. 2001. Three-dimensional variational data assimilation for a limited area model. Part I: general formulation and the background error constraint. Tellus 53A, 425-446.
    • (2001) Tellus , vol.53 A , pp. 425-446
    • Gustafsson, N.1    Berre, L.2    Hörnquist, S.3    Huang, X.-Y.4    Lindskog, M.5
  • 24
    • 18544371178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rationale behind the success of multi-model ensembles in seasonal forecasting. Part I: basic concepts
    • Hagedorn, R., Doblas-Reyes, F. J. and Palmer, T. N. 2005. The rationale behind the success of multi-model ensembles in seasonal forecasting. Part I: basic concepts. Tellus 57A, 219-233.
    • (2005) Tellus , vol.57 A , pp. 219-233
    • Hagedorn, R.1    Doblas-Reyes, F.J.2    Palmer, T.N.3
  • 25
    • 0002897679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verification of eta-RSM short-range forecasts
    • Hamill, T. M. and Colucci, S. J. 1997. Verification of eta-RSM short-range forecasts. Mon. Weather Rev. 125, 1312-1327.
    • (1997) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.125 , pp. 1312-1327
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Colucci, S.J.2
  • 26
    • 0034292468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decomposition of the Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Ensemble Prediction Systems
    • Hersbach, H. 2000. Decomposition of the Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Ensemble Prediction Systems. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 15, 559-570.
    • (2000) Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.15 , pp. 559-570
    • Hersbach, H.1
  • 27
    • 79954523704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rasch Kristjansson large scale condensation. Present status and prospects
    • Available at:
    • Ivarsson, K.-I. 2007. The Rasch Kristjansson large scale condensation. Present status and prospects. HIRLAM Newslett. 52, 50-56 Available at:
    • (2007) HIRLAM Newslett. , vol.52 , pp. 50-56
    • Ivarsson, K.-I.1
  • 28
    • 79954456971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A grand LAM-EPS (GLAMEPS) for operational use
    • co-authors. ., this issue.
    • Iversen, T., Bremnes, J. B., Santos, C., Deckmyn, A., Feddersen, H. and co-authors. 2011. A grand LAM-EPS (GLAMEPS) for operational use. Tellus 63A, this issue.
    • (2011) Tellus , vol.63 A
    • Iversen, T.1    Bremnes, J.B.2    Santos, C.3    Deckmyn, A.4    Feddersen, H.5
  • 29
    • 39749170993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited area ensemble forecasting in Norway using targeted EPS
    • Jensen, M. H., Frogner, I-L., Iversen, T. and Vignes, O. N. 2006. Limited area ensemble forecasting in Norway using targeted EPS. ECMWF Newslett. 107, 23-29.
    • (2006) ECMWF Newslett. , vol.107 , pp. 23-29
    • Jensen, M.H.1    Frogner, I.-L.2    Iversen, T.3    Vignes, O.N.4
  • 31
    • 1342310488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Kain-Fritsch Convective Parameterization. An Update
    • Kain, J. S. 2004. The Kain-Fritsch Convective Parameterization. An Update. J. Appl. Meteor. 43, 170-181.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.43 , pp. 170-181
    • Kain, J.S.1
  • 32
    • 33645575059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new climatology of favourable conditions for reverse-shear polar lows
    • Kolstad, E. W. 2006. A new climatology of favourable conditions for reverse-shear polar lows. Tellus 58A, 344-354.
    • (2006) Tellus , vol.58 A , pp. 344-354
    • Kolstad, E.W.1
  • 33
    • 42349106442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine cold-air outbreaks in the future: an assesment of IPCC AR4 model results for the Northern Hemisphere
    • Kolstad, E. W. and Bracegirdle, T. J. 2008. Marine cold-air outbreaks in the future: an assesment of IPCC AR4 model results for the Northern Hemisphere. Clim. Dyn. 30, 871-885.
    • (2008) Clim. Dyn. , vol.30 , pp. 871-885
    • Kolstad, E.W.1    Bracegirdle, T.J.2
  • 34
    • 79954489075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution ensemble prediction of a polar low development
    • this issue.
    • Kristiansen, J., Sørland, S. L., Iversen, T., Bjørge, D. and Køltzow, M.Ø. 2011. High-resolution ensemble prediction of a polar low development. Tellus 63A, this issue.
    • (2011) Tellus , vol.63 A
    • Kristiansen, J.1    Sørland, S.L.2    Iversen, T.3    Bjørge, D.4    Køltzow, M.5
  • 35
    • 79954541364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Norwegian IPY-THORPEX: improved forecasting of adverse weather in the Arctic
    • co-authors. ., submitted.
    • Kristjánsson, J.-E., Barstad, I., Hov, Ø., Irvine, E., Iversen, T. and co-authors. 2010. The Norwegian IPY-THORPEX: improved forecasting of adverse weather in the Arctic. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., submitted.
    • (2010) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.
    • Kristjánsson, J.-E.1    Barstad, I.2    Hov, O.3    Irvine, E.4    Iversen, T.5
  • 36
    • 77958544012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can Cape Maintain Polar Lows
    • Linders, T. and Sætra, Ø. 2010. Can Cape Maintain Polar Lows. J. Atmos. Sci. 67(8), 2559-2571 doi:.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , Issue.8 , pp. 2559-2571
    • Linders, T.1    Sætra, O.2
  • 37
    • 0034872368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional variational data assimilation for a limited area model. Part II: observation handling and assimilation experiments
    • co-authors.
    • Lindskog, M., Gustafsson, N., Navascués, B., Mogensen, K. S., Huang, X.-Y. and co-authors. 2001. Three-dimensional variational data assimilation for a limited area model. Part II: observation handling and assimilation experiments. Tellus 53A, 447-468.
    • (2001) Tellus , vol.53 A , pp. 447-468
    • Lindskog, M.1    Gustafsson, N.2    Navascués, B.3    Mogensen, K.S.4    Huang, X.-Y.5
  • 38
    • 0020347854 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric predictability experiments with a large numerical model
    • Lorenz, E. N. 1982. Atmospheric predictability experiments with a large numerical model. Tellus 34, 505-513.
    • (1982) Tellus , vol.34 , pp. 505-513
    • Lorenz, E.N.1
  • 39
    • 0002322469 scopus 로고
    • On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other
    • Mann, H. B. and Whitney, D. R. 1947. On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Ann. Math. Stat. 18, 50-60.
    • (1947) Ann. Math. Stat. , vol.18 , pp. 50-60
    • Mann, H.B.1    Whitney, D.R.2
  • 40
    • 0035387240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A strategy for high-resolution ensemble prediction. II: limited-area experiments on four Alpine flood events
    • co-authors. .
    • Marsigli, C., Montani, A., Nerozzi, F., Paccagnella, T., Tibaldi, S. and co-authors. 2001. A strategy for high-resolution ensemble prediction. II: limited-area experiments on four Alpine flood events. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 127, 2095-2115.
    • (2001) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 2095-2115
    • Marsigli, C.1    Montani, A.2    Nerozzi, F.3    Paccagnella, T.4    Tibaldi, S.5
  • 41
    • 22744434587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The COSMO-LEPS mesoscale ensemble prediction system: validation of the methodology and verification
    • Marsigli, C., Boccanera, F., Montani, A. and Paccagnella, T. 2005. The COSMO-LEPS mesoscale ensemble prediction system: validation of the methodology and verification. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 12, 527-536.
    • (2005) Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics , vol.12 , pp. 527-536
    • Marsigli, C.1    Boccanera, F.2    Montani, A.3    Paccagnella, T.4
  • 42
    • 79954559156 scopus 로고
    • A model for assesment of weather forecasts
    • Mason, I. 1982. A model for assesment of weather forecasts. Austr. Meteorol. Mag. 30, 2069-2094.
    • (1982) Austr. Meteorol. Mag. , vol.30 , pp. 2069-2094
    • Mason, I.1
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0035387077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A strategy for high-resolution ensemble prediction I: definition of representative members and global-model experiments
    • co-authors. .
    • Molteni, F., Buizza, R., Marsigli, C., Montani, A., Nerozzi, F. and co-authors. 2001. A strategy for high-resolution ensemble prediction I: definition of representative members and global-model experiments. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 127, 2013-2033.
    • (2001) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 2013-2033
    • Molteni, F.1    Buizza, R.2    Marsigli, C.3    Montani, A.4    Nerozzi, F.5
  • 46
    • 0036553490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of horizontal resolution and ensemble size on probabilistic forecasts of precipitation by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System
    • Mullen, S. L. and Buizza, R. 2002. The impact of horizontal resolution and ensemble size on probabilistic forecasts of precipitation by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System. Weather and Forecasting 17, 173-191.
    • (2002) Weather and Forecasting , vol.17 , pp. 173-191
    • Mullen, S.L.1    Buizza, R.2
  • 47
    • 79954465192 scopus 로고
    • On the intensification of small-scale cyclones formed in very cold air masses heated by the ocean. Institute Report Series, University of Oslo, Department of Geophysics
    • Økland, H. 1977. On the intensification of small-scale cyclones formed in very cold air masses heated by the ocean. Institute Report Series 26, University of Oslo, Department of Geophysics
    • (1977) , vol.26
    • Økland, H.1
  • 48
    • 6944230862 scopus 로고
    • Arctic instability lows
    • Rabbe, Å. 1975. Arctic instability lows. Meteorologiske Annaler 6, 303-329.
    • (1975) Meteorologiske Annaler , vol.6 , pp. 303-329
    • Rabbe, A.1
  • 49
    • 1542607870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations
    • Rasch, P. J. and Kristjánsson, J. E. 1998. A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations. J. Climate 11, 1587-1614.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 1587-1614
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Kristjánsson, J.E.2
  • 51
    • 3142779257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of observation errors on the statistics for ensemble spread and reliability
    • Sætra, Ø., Hersbach, H., Bidlot, J-R. and Richardson, D. S. 2004. Effects of observation errors on the statistics for ensemble spread and reliability. Mon. Wea. Rev. 132, 1487-1501.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1487-1501
    • Sætra, O.1    Hersbach, H.2    Bidlot, J.-R.3    Richardson, D.S.4
  • 52
    • 0036129946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the improvements in skill of numerical weather prediction
    • Simmons, A. and Hollingsworth, A. 2002. Some aspects of the improvements in skill of numerical weather prediction. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 128, 647-677.
    • (2002) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 647-677
    • Simmons, A.1    Hollingsworth, A.2
  • 54
    • 0001509508 scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting at NMC: the generation of perturbations
    • Toth, Z. and Kalnay, E. 1993. Ensemble forecasting at NMC: the generation of perturbations. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 74, 2317-2330.
    • (1993) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.74 , pp. 2317-2330
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 55
    • 0000593274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method
    • Toth, Z. and Kalnay, E. 1997. Ensemble forecasting at NCEP and the breeding method. Mon. Wea. Rev 125, 3297-3319.
    • (1997) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.125 , pp. 3297-3319
    • Toth, Z.1    Kalnay, E.2
  • 56
    • 79954558535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • co-authors. HIRLAM-5 Scientific Documentation HIRLAM-5 Project. Available from SMHI, S-601767 Norrköping, Sweden.
    • Undén, P., Rontu, L., Järvinen, H., Lynch, P., Calvo, J. and co-authors. 2002. HIRLAM-5 Scientific Documentation HIRLAM-5 Project. Available from SMHI, S-601767 Norrköping, Sweden.
    • (2002)
    • Undén, P.1    Rontu, L.2    Järvinen, H.3    Lynch, P.4    Calvo, J.5
  • 57
    • 1542435949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictability of precipitation in a cloud-resolving model
    • Walser, A., Lüthi, D. and Schär, C. 2004. Predictability of precipitation in a cloud-resolving model. Mon. Weather. Rev. 132, 560-577.
    • (2004) Mon. Weather. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 560-577
    • Walser, A.1    Lüthi, D.2    Schär, C.3
  • 58
    • 41949124639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can multi-model combination really enhance the prediction skill of probabilistic ensemble forecasts
    • Weigel, A. P., Liniger, M. A. and Appenzeller, C. 2008. Can multi-model combination really enhance the prediction skill of probabilistic ensemble forecasts. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 134, 241-260.
    • (2008) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.134 , pp. 241-260
    • Weigel, A.P.1    Liniger, M.A.2    Appenzeller, C.3
  • 59
    • 67649443942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on 'Can multi-model combination really enhance the prediction skill of probabilistic ensemble forecasts?'
    • Weigel, A. P. and Bowler, N. E. 2009. Comment on 'Can multi-model combination really enhance the prediction skill of probabilistic ensemble forecasts?'. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 135, 535-539.
    • (2009) Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 535-539
    • Weigel, A.P.1    Bowler, N.E.2
  • 60
    • 16344367328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of baroclinicity on the cloud pattern and structure of polar lows: a high-resolution numerical experiment.
    • Yanase, W. and Niino, H. 2005. Effects of baroclinicity on the cloud pattern and structure of polar lows: a high-resolution numerical experiment. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L02806, doi:.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Yanase, W.1    Niino, H.2
  • 61
    • 0036504112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of serial correlation in the Mann-Whitney test for detecting a shift in median
    • Yue, S. and Wang, C.-Y. 2002. The influence of serial correlation in the Mann-Whitney test for detecting a shift in median. Adv. Water Res. 25, 325-333.
    • (2002) Adv. Water Res. , vol.25 , pp. 325-333
    • Yue, S.1    Wang, C.-Y.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.