메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 576-584

Neuro-chemical activation of brain reward meso-limbic circuitry is associated with relapse prevention and drug hunger: A hypothesis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; BROMOCRIPTINE; CATECHOLAMINE METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORY AGENT; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; ENDORPHIN; ENKEPHALIN; ENZYME PRECURSOR; MESSENGER RNA; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NUTRACEUTICAL; SEROTONIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 79952312209     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.01.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (25)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 55249088287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming mental health and substance abuse data systems in the United States
    • Coffey R.M., Buck J.A., Kassed C.A., et al. Transforming mental health and substance abuse data systems in the United States. Psychiatr Serv 2008, 59(11):1257-1263.
    • (2008) Psychiatr Serv , vol.59 , Issue.11 , pp. 1257-1263
    • Coffey, R.M.1    Buck, J.A.2    Kassed, C.A.3
  • 2
    • 18044390103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D2R DNA transfer in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice. effects on ethanol drinking
    • Thanos P.K., Rivera S.N., Weaver K., et al. Dopamine D2R DNA transfer in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice. effects on ethanol drinking. Life Sci 2005, 77(2):130-139.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 130-139
    • Thanos, P.K.1    Rivera, S.N.2    Weaver, K.3
  • 3
    • 0022405110 scopus 로고
    • New concepts in cocaine addiction: the dopamine depletion hypothesis
    • Dackis C.A., Gold M.S. New concepts in cocaine addiction: the dopamine depletion hypothesis. Neurosci Bio Rev 1985, 9(3):469-477.
    • (1985) Neurosci Bio Rev , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 469-477
    • Dackis, C.A.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 4
    • 0015840920 scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA: effect on ethanol narcosis and brain biogenic amines in mice
    • Blum K., Calhoun W., Merritt J., Wallace J.E. L-DOPA: effect on ethanol narcosis and brain biogenic amines in mice. Nature 1973, 242(5397):407-409.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.242 , Issue.5397 , pp. 407-409
    • Blum, K.1    Calhoun, W.2    Merritt, J.3    Wallace, J.E.4
  • 5
    • 0034530331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward deficiency syndrome: a biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and compulsive behaviors
    • Blum K., Braverman E.R., Holder J.M., et al. Reward deficiency syndrome: a biogenetic model for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsive, addictive, and compulsive behaviors. J Psychoactive Drugs 2000, 32:1-112.
    • (2000) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.32 , pp. 1-112
    • Blum, K.1    Braverman, E.R.2    Holder, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 58049147045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological substrates for the dark side of compulsivity in addiction
    • Koob G.F. Neurobiological substrates for the dark side of compulsivity in addiction. Neuropharmacology 2009, 56:18-31.
    • (2009) Neuropharmacology , vol.56 , pp. 18-31
    • Koob, G.F.1
  • 7
    • 0023426876 scopus 로고
    • A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction
    • Wise R.A., Bozarth M.A. A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction. Psychol Rev 1987, 94(4):469-492.
    • (1987) Psychol Rev , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 469-492
    • Wise, R.A.1    Bozarth, M.A.2
  • 8
    • 51449110376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction
    • Koob G.F., Le Moal M. Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008, 363(1507):3113-3123.
    • (2008) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.363 , Issue.1507 , pp. 3113-3123
    • Koob, G.F.1    Le Moal, M.2
  • 9
    • 46649106288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals
    • Berridge K.C., Kringelbach M.L. Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008, 199(3):457-480.
    • (2008) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.199 , Issue.3 , pp. 457-480
    • Berridge, K.C.1    Kringelbach, M.L.2
  • 10
    • 77749339006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurobiology of stress management
    • Esch T., Stefano G.B. The neurobiology of stress management. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2010, 31(1):30.
    • (2010) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 30
    • Esch, T.1    Stefano, G.B.2
  • 11
    • 67349189457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between DRD2 C957T polymorphism and an acute psychosocial stressor on reward-related behavioral impulsivity
    • White M.J., Lawford B.R., Morris C.P., Young R.M. Interaction between DRD2 C957T polymorphism and an acute psychosocial stressor on reward-related behavioral impulsivity. Behav Genet 2009, 39:285-295.
    • (2009) Behav Genet , vol.39 , pp. 285-295
    • White, M.J.1    Lawford, B.R.2    Morris, C.P.3    Young, R.M.4
  • 12
    • 71949100149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the TaqIA polymorphism on ethanol response in the brain
    • London E.D., Berman S.M., Mohammadian P., et al. Effect of the TaqIA polymorphism on ethanol response in the brain. Psychiatry Res 2009, 174(3):163-170.
    • (2009) Psychiatry Res , vol.174 , Issue.3 , pp. 163-170
    • London, E.D.1    Berman, S.M.2    Mohammadian, P.3
  • 13
    • 79952048968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic addiction risk score(GARS) analysis: exploratory development of polymorphic risk alleles in poly-drug addicted males
    • Blum K., et al. Genetic addiction risk score(GARS) analysis: exploratory development of polymorphic risk alleles in poly-drug addicted males. IIOAD 2010, 1(2):1-14.
    • (2010) IIOAD , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-14
    • Blum, K.1
  • 14
    • 0018305684 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of self-stimulation behavior in rats and monkeys after chronic neuroleptic treatment: evidence for mesolimbic supersensitivity
    • Seeger T.F., Gardner E.L. Enhancement of self-stimulation behavior in rats and monkeys after chronic neuroleptic treatment: evidence for mesolimbic supersensitivity. Brain Res 1979, 175(1):49-57.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.175 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-57
    • Seeger, T.F.1    Gardner, E.L.2
  • 15
    • 73949141972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenetics of dopaminergic receptor supersensitivity in activation of brain reward circuitry and relapse: proposing "deprivation-amplification relapse therapy" (DART)
    • Blum K., Chen T.J., Downs B.W., et al. Neurogenetics of dopaminergic receptor supersensitivity in activation of brain reward circuitry and relapse: proposing "deprivation-amplification relapse therapy" (DART). Postgrad Med 2009, 121(6):176-196.
    • (2009) Postgrad Med , vol.121 , Issue.6 , pp. 176-196
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.2    Downs, B.W.3
  • 16
    • 33746863313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging gene-substance interactions: the effect of the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and the dopamine agonist bromocriptine on the brain activation during the anticipation of reward
    • Kirsch P., Reuter M., Mier D., et al. Imaging gene-substance interactions: the effect of the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and the dopamine agonist bromocriptine on the brain activation during the anticipation of reward. Neurosci Lett 2006, 405(3):196-201.
    • (2006) Neurosci Lett , vol.405 , Issue.3 , pp. 196-201
    • Kirsch, P.1    Reuter, M.2    Mier, D.3
  • 17
    • 0025275767 scopus 로고
    • Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism
    • Blum K., Noble E.P., Sheridan P.J., Montgomery A., Ritchie T., Jagadeeswaran P., et al. Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA 1990, 263(15):2055-2060.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , Issue.15 , pp. 2055-2060
    • Blum, K.1    Noble, E.P.2    Sheridan, P.J.3    Montgomery, A.4    Ritchie, T.5    Jagadeeswaran, P.6
  • 18
    • 0025923342 scopus 로고
    • Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with receptor-binding characteristics in alcoholism
    • Noble E.P., Blum K., Ritchie T., et al. Allelic association of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with receptor-binding characteristics in alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991, 48:648-654.
    • (1991) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 648-654
    • Noble, E.P.1    Blum, K.2    Ritchie, T.3
  • 19
    • 0033009871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and their relationships to striatal dopamine receptor density of healthy volunteers
    • Jönsson E.G., Nöthen M.M., Grünhage F., et al. Polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and their relationships to striatal dopamine receptor density of healthy volunteers. Mol Psychiatry 1999, 4(3):290-296.
    • (1999) Mol Psychiatry , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 290-296
    • Jönsson, E.G.1    Nöthen, M.M.2    Grünhage, F.3
  • 20
    • 2942525904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of specific haplotypes of D2 dopamine receptor gene with vulnerability to heroin dependence in 2 distinct populations
    • Xu K., Lichtermann D., Lipsky R.H., et al. Association of specific haplotypes of D2 dopamine receptor gene with vulnerability to heroin dependence in 2 distinct populations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004, 61(6):597-606.
    • (2004) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 597-606
    • Xu, K.1    Lichtermann, D.2    Lipsky, R.H.3
  • 21
    • 0032832347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans by brain dopamine D2 receptor levels
    • Volkow N.D., Wang G.J., Fowler J.S., et al. Prediction of reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans by brain dopamine D2 receptor levels. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156(9):1440-1443.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.9 , pp. 1440-1443
    • Volkow, N.D.1    Wang, G.J.2    Fowler, J.S.3
  • 22
    • 67649111982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TaqI A DRD2 polymorphism in type II alcohol dependence. a marker of age at onset or of a familial disease?
    • Pinto E., Reggers J., Gorwood P., et al. The TaqI A DRD2 polymorphism in type II alcohol dependence. a marker of age at onset or of a familial disease?4. Alcohol 2009, 43(4):271-275.
    • (2009) Alcohol , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-275
    • Pinto, E.1    Reggers, J.2    Gorwood, P.3
  • 23
    • 0030587624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D2 dopamine receptor gene TaqI A1 and B1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms: enhanced frequencies in psychostimulant-preferring polysubstance abusers
    • Persico A.M., Bird G., Gabbay F.H., Uhl G.R. D2 dopamine receptor gene TaqI A1 and B1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms: enhanced frequencies in psychostimulant-preferring polysubstance abusers. Biol Psychiatry 1996, 40(8):776-784.
    • (1996) Biol Psychiatry , vol.40 , Issue.8 , pp. 776-784
    • Persico, A.M.1    Bird, G.2    Gabbay, F.H.3    Uhl, G.R.4
  • 24
    • 33645984547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of dopamine D2, D5 receptor and transporter (SLC6A3) polymorphisms on the cue-elicited heroin craving in Chinese
    • Li Y., Shao C., Zhang D., et al. The effect of dopamine D2, D5 receptor and transporter (SLC6A3) polymorphisms on the cue-elicited heroin craving in Chinese. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006, 141B(3):269-273.
    • (2006) Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet , vol.141 B , Issue.3 , pp. 269-273
    • Li, Y.1    Shao, C.2    Zhang, D.3
  • 25
    • 74449085002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated phenomic approach to multivariate allelic association
    • Medland S.E., Neale M.C. An integrated phenomic approach to multivariate allelic association. Eur J Hum Genet 2010, 18(2):233-239.
    • (2010) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-239
    • Medland, S.E.1    Neale, M.C.2
  • 26
    • 68949170833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine genes and nicotine dependence in treatment-seeking and community smokers
    • Bergen A.W., Conti D.V., Van Den Berg D., et al. Dopamine genes and nicotine dependence in treatment-seeking and community smokers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009, 34:2252-2264.
    • (2009) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.34 , pp. 2252-2264
    • Bergen, A.W.1    Conti, D.V.2    Van Den Berg, D.3
  • 27
    • 67650441786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine for "wanting" and opioids for "liking": a comparison of obese adults with and without binge eating
    • Davis C.A., Levitan R.D., Reid C., et al. Dopamine for "wanting" and opioids for "liking": a comparison of obese adults with and without binge eating. Obesity 2009, 17(6):1220-1225.
    • (2009) Obesity , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 1220-1225
    • Davis, C.A.1    Levitan, R.D.2    Reid, C.3
  • 28
    • 0034810073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric comorbidity in pathological gamblers seeking treatment
    • Ibáñez A., Blanco C., Donahue E., et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158(10):1733-1735.
    • (2001) Am J Psychiatry , vol.158 , Issue.10 , pp. 1733-1735
    • Ibáñez, A.1    Blanco, C.2    Donahue, E.3
  • 30
    • 43349097123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some ADHD polymorphisms (in genes DAT1, DRD2, DRD3, DBH, 5-HTT) in case-control study of 100 subjects 6-10 age
    • Kopecková M., Paclt I., Petrásek J., Pacltová D., Malíková M., Zagatová V. Some ADHD polymorphisms (in genes DAT1, DRD2, DRD3, DBH, 5-HTT) in case-control study of 100 subjects 6-10 age. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2008, 29(2):246-251.
    • (2008) Neuro Endocrinol Lett , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 246-251
    • Kopecková, M.1    Paclt, I.2    Petrásek, J.3    Pacltová, D.4    Malíková, M.5    Zagatová, V.6
  • 31
    • 25644439984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine receptor D2 gene polymorphisms are associated in Taiwanese children with Tourette syndrome
    • Lee C.C., Chou I.C., Tsai C.H., Wang T.R., Li T.C., Tsai F.J. Dopamine receptor D2 gene polymorphisms are associated in Taiwanese children with Tourette syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2005, 33(4):272-276.
    • (2005) Pediatr Neurol , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 272-276
    • Lee, C.C.1    Chou, I.C.2    Tsai, C.H.3    Wang, T.R.4    Li, T.C.5    Tsai, F.J.6
  • 32
    • 0025925207 scopus 로고
    • The dopamine D2 receptor locus as a modifying gene in neuropsychiatric disorders
    • Comings D.E., Comings B.G., Muhleman D., et al. The dopamine D2 receptor locus as a modifying gene in neuropsychiatric disorders. JAMA 1991, 266(13):1793-1800.
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.266 , Issue.13 , pp. 1793-1800
    • Comings, D.E.1    Comings, B.G.2    Muhleman, D.3
  • 33
    • 8244225823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes with schizoid/avoidant behaviors (SAB)
    • Blum K., Braverman E.R., Wu S., et al. Association of polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes with schizoid/avoidant behaviors (SAB). Mol Psychiatry 1997, 2(3):239-246.
    • (1997) Mol Psychiatry , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-246
    • Blum, K.1    Braverman, E.R.2    Wu, S.3
  • 34
    • 34249706305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association in alcoholic patients between psychopathic traits and the additive effect of allelic forms of the CNR1 and FAAH endocannabinoid genes, and the 3′ region of the DRD2 gene
    • Hoenicka J., Ponce G., Jiménez-Arriero M.A., et al. Association in alcoholic patients between psychopathic traits and the additive effect of allelic forms of the CNR1 and FAAH endocannabinoid genes, and the 3′ region of the DRD2 gene. Neurotox Res 2007, 11(1):51-60.
    • (2007) Neurotox Res , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-60
    • Hoenicka, J.1    Ponce, G.2    Jiménez-Arriero, M.A.3
  • 35
    • 0029665195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a determinant of reward deficiency syndrome
    • Blum K., Sheridan P.J., Wood R.C., et al. The D2 dopamine receptor gene as a determinant of reward deficiency syndrome. J R Soc Med 1996, 89(7):396-400.
    • (1996) J R Soc Med , vol.89 , Issue.7 , pp. 396-400
    • Blum, K.1    Sheridan, P.J.2    Wood, R.C.3
  • 36
    • 74549204473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical evaluation of influence of ethanol and diet on salsolinol enantiomers in humans and rats
    • Lee J., Ramchandani V.A., Hamazaki K., et al. A critical evaluation of influence of ethanol and diet on salsolinol enantiomers in humans and rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010, 34(2):242-250.
    • (2010) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 242-250
    • Lee, J.1    Ramchandani, V.A.2    Hamazaki, K.3
  • 37
    • 70349312840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single, moderate ethanol exposure alters extracellular dopamine levels and dopamine d receptor function in the nucleus accumbens of wistar rats
    • Franklin K.M., Engleman E.A., Ingraham C.M., et al. A single, moderate ethanol exposure alters extracellular dopamine levels and dopamine d receptor function in the nucleus accumbens of wistar rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009, 33(10):1721-1730.
    • (2009) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.33 , Issue.10 , pp. 1721-1730
    • Franklin, K.M.1    Engleman, E.A.2    Ingraham, C.M.3
  • 38
    • 59649096975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of ethanol in the nucleus accumbens shell of alcohol-preferring (P), alcohol-non-preferring (NP) and Wistar rats: a proteomics study
    • McBride W.J., Schultz J.A., Kimpel M.W., et al. Differential effects of ethanol in the nucleus accumbens shell of alcohol-preferring (P), alcohol-non-preferring (NP) and Wistar rats: a proteomics study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009, 92(2):304-313.
    • (2009) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.92 , Issue.2 , pp. 304-313
    • McBride, W.J.1    Schultz, J.A.2    Kimpel, M.W.3
  • 39
    • 34248581669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reinforcing actions of a serotonin-3 receptor agonist within the ventral tegmental area: evidence for subregional and genetic differences and involvement of dopamine neurons
    • Rodd Z.A., Gryszowka V.E., Toalston J.E., et al. The reinforcing actions of a serotonin-3 receptor agonist within the ventral tegmental area: evidence for subregional and genetic differences and involvement of dopamine neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007, 321(3):1003-1012.
    • (2007) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.321 , Issue.3 , pp. 1003-1012
    • Rodd, Z.A.1    Gryszowka, V.E.2    Toalston, J.E.3
  • 40
    • 0031697721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking GABA(A) receptors in the anterior ventral tegmental area attenuates ethanol intake of the alcohol-preferring P rat
    • Nowak K.L., McBride W.J., Lumeng L., Li T.K., Murphy J.M. Blocking GABA(A) receptors in the anterior ventral tegmental area attenuates ethanol intake of the alcohol-preferring P rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998, 139(1-2):108-116.
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.139 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 108-116
    • Nowak, K.L.1    McBride, W.J.2    Lumeng, L.3    Li, T.K.4    Murphy, J.M.5
  • 41
    • 0030950819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional CNS densities of monoamine receptors in alcohol-naive alcohol-preferring P and nonpreferring NP rats
    • McBride W.J., Chernet E., Russell R.N., et al. Regional CNS densities of monoamine receptors in alcohol-naive alcohol-preferring P and nonpreferring NP rats. Alcohol 1997, 14(2):141-148.
    • (1997) Alcohol , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-148
    • McBride, W.J.1    Chernet, E.2    Russell, R.N.3
  • 42
    • 0025319668 scopus 로고
    • Free-choice responding for ethanol versus water in alcohol preferring (P) and unselected Wistar rats is differentially modified by naloxone, bromocriptine, and methysergide
    • Weiss F., Mitchiner M., Bloom F.E., Koob G.F. Free-choice responding for ethanol versus water in alcohol preferring (P) and unselected Wistar rats is differentially modified by naloxone, bromocriptine, and methysergide. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1990, 101(2):178-186.
    • (1990) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.101 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-186
    • Weiss, F.1    Mitchiner, M.2    Bloom, F.E.3    Koob, G.F.4
  • 43
    • 0024159696 scopus 로고
    • Enkephalinase inhibition and precursor amino acid loading improves inpatient treatment of alcohol and polydrug abusers: double-blind placebo-controlled study of the nutritional adjunct SAAVE
    • Blum K., Trachtenberg M.C., Elliott C.E., et al. Enkephalinase inhibition and precursor amino acid loading improves inpatient treatment of alcohol and polydrug abusers: double-blind placebo-controlled study of the nutritional adjunct SAAVE. Alcohol 1988, 5(6):481-493.
    • (1988) Alcohol , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 481-493
    • Blum, K.1    Trachtenberg, M.C.2    Elliott, C.E.3
  • 44
    • 84907122660 scopus 로고
    • Improvement of inpatient treatment of the alcoholic as a function of neurotransmitter restoration: a pilot study
    • Blum K., Trachtenberg M.C., Ramsay J.C. Improvement of inpatient treatment of the alcoholic as a function of neurotransmitter restoration: a pilot study. Int J Addict 1988, 23(9):991-998.
    • (1988) Int J Addict , vol.23 , Issue.9 , pp. 991-998
    • Blum, K.1    Trachtenberg, M.C.2    Ramsay, J.C.3
  • 45
    • 0030951204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of attention processing by Kantroll in healthy humans: a pilot study
    • DeFrance J.F., Hymel C., Trachtenberg M.C., et al. Enhancement of attention processing by Kantroll in healthy humans: a pilot study. Clin Electroencephalogr 1997, 28(2):68-75.
    • (1997) Clin Electroencephalogr , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 68-75
    • DeFrance, J.F.1    Hymel, C.2    Trachtenberg, M.C.3
  • 46
    • 0024990921 scopus 로고
    • Neurodynamics of relapse prevention: a neuronutrient approach to outpatient DUI offenders
    • Brown R.J., Blum K., Trachtenberg M.C. Neurodynamics of relapse prevention: a neuronutrient approach to outpatient DUI offenders. J Psychoactive Drugs 1990, 22(2):173-187.
    • (1990) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-187
    • Brown, R.J.1    Blum, K.2    Trachtenberg, M.C.3
  • 47
    • 0024210401 scopus 로고
    • Improvement of cocaine-induced neuromodulator deficits by the neuronutrient Tropamine
    • Trachtenberg M.C., Blum K. Improvement of cocaine-induced neuromodulator deficits by the neuronutrient Tropamine. J Psychoactive Drugs 1988, 20(3):315-331.
    • (1988) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-331
    • Trachtenberg, M.C.1    Blum, K.2
  • 48
    • 58149357384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LG839: anti-obesity effects and polymorphic gene correlates of reward deficiency syndrome
    • Blum K., Chen A.L., Chen T.J., et al. LG839: anti-obesity effects and polymorphic gene correlates of reward deficiency syndrome. Adv Ther 2008, 25(9):894-913.
    • (2008) Adv Ther , vol.25 , Issue.9 , pp. 894-913
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, A.L.2    Chen, T.J.3
  • 49
    • 50849088472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptamine (SG8839) an amino-acid enkephalinase inhibition nutraceutical improves recovery of alcoholics, a subtype of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)
    • Blum K., Chen T.J.H., Downs B.W., et al. Synaptamine (SG8839) an amino-acid enkephalinase inhibition nutraceutical improves recovery of alcoholics, a subtype of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Trends Appl Sci Res 2007, 2(2):132-138.
    • (2007) Trends Appl Sci Res , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-138
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.H.2    Downs, B.W.3
  • 50
    • 0025159894 scopus 로고
    • Neuronutrient effects on weight loss in carbohydrate bingers: an open clinical trial
    • Blum K., Trachtenberg M.L., Cook D.W. Neuronutrient effects on weight loss in carbohydrate bingers: an open clinical trial. Curr Ther Res 1990, 48(2):217-233.
    • (1990) Curr Ther Res , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-233
    • Blum, K.1    Trachtenberg, M.L.2    Cook, D.W.3
  • 51
    • 0023687713 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of both drug hunger and withdrawal against advice rate of cocaine abusers in a 30day inpatient treatment program by the neuronutrient Tropamine
    • Blum K., Allison D., Trachtenberg M.C., Williams R.W., Loeblich L.A. Reduction of both drug hunger and withdrawal against advice rate of cocaine abusers in a 30day inpatient treatment program by the neuronutrient Tropamine. Curr Ther Res 1988, 43:1204-1214.
    • (1988) Curr Ther Res , vol.43 , pp. 1204-1214
    • Blum, K.1    Allison, D.2    Trachtenberg, M.C.3    Williams, R.W.4    Loeblich, L.A.5
  • 52
    • 74549197088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putative targeting of dopamine D2 receptor function in Reward deficiency Syndrome (RDS) by Synaptamine Complex Variant (KB220): clinical trial showing anti-anxiety effects
    • Blum K., Chen A.L.C., Chen T.J.H., et al. Putative targeting of dopamine D2 receptor function in Reward deficiency Syndrome (RDS) by Synaptamine Complex Variant (KB220): clinical trial showing anti-anxiety effects. Gene Ther Mol Biol 2009, 13.
    • (2009) Gene Ther Mol Biol , pp. 13
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, A.L.C.2    Chen, T.J.H.3
  • 53
    • 77649146715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A short term pilot open label study of LG839, a customized DNA directed nutraceutical in obesity: exploring nutrigenomics
    • Blum K., Chen T.J.H., Williams L., et al. A short term pilot open label study of LG839, a customized DNA directed nutraceutical in obesity: exploring nutrigenomics. Gene therapy and Mol Biol 2008, 12:371-382.
    • (2008) Gene therapy and Mol Biol , vol.12 , pp. 371-382
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.H.2    Williams, L.3
  • 54
    • 79952055489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute intravenous synaptamine complex [KB220]™ variant "Normalizes" abnormal neurological activity in protracted abstinence of alcohol and opiate patients using Quantitative Electroencephalographic (QEEG) and neurotransmitter genetic analysis: pilot two case reports
    • Miller D., Manka M., Miller M., et al. Acute intravenous synaptamine complex [KB220]™ variant "Normalizes" abnormal neurological activity in protracted abstinence of alcohol and opiate patients using Quantitative Electroencephalographic (QEEG) and neurotransmitter genetic analysis: pilot two case reports. Postgrad Med 2010, 122(6):188-213.
    • (2010) Postgrad Med , vol.122 , Issue.6 , pp. 188-213
    • Miller, D.1    Manka, M.2    Miller, M.3
  • 55
    • 79952053336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming qEEG Abnormalities and reward gene deficits during protracted abstinence in psychostimulant abusers utilizing putative dopamine D2 agonist therapy
    • Blum K., Chen T.J.H., Morse S., et al. Overcoming qEEG Abnormalities and reward gene deficits during protracted abstinence in psychostimulant abusers utilizing putative dopamine D2 agonist therapy. Postgrad Med 2010, 122(6):214-226.
    • (2010) Postgrad Med , vol.122 , Issue.6 , pp. 214-226
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.H.2    Morse, S.3
  • 56
    • 0023475231 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and biochemical evidence for a different effect of repeated administration of L-dopa and bromocriptine on denervated versus non-denervated striatal dopamine receptors
    • Rouillard C., Bédard P.J., Falardeau P., Dipaolo T. Behavioral and biochemical evidence for a different effect of repeated administration of L-dopa and bromocriptine on denervated versus non-denervated striatal dopamine receptors. Neuropharmacology 1987, 26(11):1601-1606.
    • (1987) Neuropharmacology , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 1601-1606
    • Rouillard, C.1    Bédard, P.J.2    Falardeau, P.3    Dipaolo, T.4
  • 58
    • 73549107684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baclofen withdrawal causes psychosis in otherwise unclouded consciousness
    • Malhotra T., Rosenzweig I. Baclofen withdrawal causes psychosis in otherwise unclouded consciousness. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009, 21(4):476.
    • (2009) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 476
    • Malhotra, T.1    Rosenzweig, I.2
  • 59
    • 65449190206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with suicide attempt in the Japanese population
    • Suda A., Kawanishi C., Kishida I., et al. Dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with suicide attempt in the Japanese population. Neuropsychobiology 2009, 59(2):130-134.
    • (2009) Neuropsychobiology , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 130-134
    • Suda, A.1    Kawanishi, C.2    Kishida, I.3
  • 60
    • 57949089064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual dopamine/serotonin releasers: potential treatment agents for stimulant addiction
    • Rothman R.B., Blough B.E., Baumann M.H. Dual dopamine/serotonin releasers: potential treatment agents for stimulant addiction. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2008, 16(6):458-474.
    • (2008) Exp Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 458-474
    • Rothman, R.B.1    Blough, B.E.2    Baumann, M.H.3
  • 61
    • 62149107080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation instead of blocking mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry is a preferred modality in the long term treatment of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS): a commentary
    • Blum K., Chen A.L., Chen T.J., Braverman E.R., et al. Activation instead of blocking mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry is a preferred modality in the long term treatment of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS): a commentary. Theor Biol Med Model 2008, 5:24.
    • (2008) Theor Biol Med Model , vol.5 , pp. 24
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, A.L.2    Chen, T.J.3    Braverman, E.R.4
  • 62
    • 70449726770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Salted Food Addiction Hypothesis may explain overeating and the obesity epidemic
    • Cocores J.A., Gold M.S. The Salted Food Addiction Hypothesis may explain overeating and the obesity epidemic. Med Hypotheses 2009, 73(6):892-899.
    • (2009) Med Hypotheses , vol.73 , Issue.6 , pp. 892-899
    • Cocores, J.A.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 63
    • 0027461984 scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis for a common neurochemical basis for alcohol and drug disorders
    • Miller N.S., Gold M.S. A hypothesis for a common neurochemical basis for alcohol and drug disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1993, 16(1):105-117.
    • (1993) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-117
    • Miller, N.S.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 64
    • 0031966348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence. biological basis for pharmacotherapy from nicotine to treatments that prevent relapse
    • Gold M.S., Herkov M.J. Tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence. biological basis for pharmacotherapy from nicotine to treatments that prevent relapse. J Addict Dis 1998, 17(1):7-21.
    • (1998) J Addict Dis , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-21
    • Gold, M.S.1    Herkov, M.J.2
  • 65
    • 0027522259 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesized neurochemical models for psychiatric syndromes in alcohol and drug dependence
    • Extein I.L., Gold M.S. Hypothesized neurochemical models for psychiatric syndromes in alcohol and drug dependence. J Addict Dis 1993, 12(3):29-43.
    • (1993) J Addict Dis , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 29-43
    • Extein, I.L.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 66
    • 45849147697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to "Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and their association with cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent subjects"
    • Merlo L.J., Carnes P.J., Gold M.S. Response to "Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and their association with cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent subjects" Am J Addict 2008, 17(3):247-248.
    • (2008) Am J Addict , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-248
    • Merlo, L.J.1    Carnes, P.J.2    Gold, M.S.3
  • 67
    • 0018189433 scopus 로고
    • Clonidine blocks acute opiate withdrawal symptoms
    • Gold M.S., Redmond D.E., Kleber H.D. Clonidine blocks acute opiate withdrawal symptoms. Lancet 1978, 2(8090):599-602.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8090 , pp. 599-602
    • Gold, M.S.1    Redmond, D.E.2    Kleber, H.D.3
  • 69
    • 0018108164 scopus 로고
    • Endorphins, lithium and naloxone: their relationship to pathological and drug induced manic euphoric states
    • Gold M.S., Byck R. Endorphins, lithium and naloxone: their relationship to pathological and drug induced manic euphoric states. Natl Inst Drug Abuse Res Monogr Ser 1978, 19:192-209.
    • (1978) Natl Inst Drug Abuse Res Monogr Ser , vol.19 , pp. 192-209
    • Gold, M.S.1    Byck, R.2
  • 70
    • 0022471791 scopus 로고
    • A commentary on the pathogenesis and biochemical profile of alcohol-induced depression
    • Blum K., Wallace J.E., Hall W.C. A commentary on the pathogenesis and biochemical profile of alcohol-induced depression. J Psychoactive Drugs 1986, 18(2):161-162.
    • (1986) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-162
    • Blum, K.1    Wallace, J.E.2    Hall, W.C.3
  • 71
    • 0020331587 scopus 로고
    • Antimanic, antidepressant, and antipanic effects of opiates: clinical, neuroanatomical, and biochemical evidence
    • Gold M.S., Pottash A.C., Sweeney D., Martin D., Extein I. Antimanic, antidepressant, and antipanic effects of opiates: clinical, neuroanatomical, and biochemical evidence. Ann NY Acad Sci 1982, 398:140-150.
    • (1982) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.398 , pp. 140-150
    • Gold, M.S.1    Pottash, A.C.2    Sweeney, D.3    Martin, D.4    Extein, I.5
  • 72
    • 84973939185 scopus 로고
    • Antianxiety and opiates
    • Gold M.S., Fox C.F. Antianxiety and opiates. Behav Brain Sci 1985, 5(3):486-487.
    • (1985) Behav Brain Sci , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 486-487
    • Gold, M.S.1    Fox, C.F.2
  • 73
    • 0017180120 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of alcohol withdrawal convulsions in mice by haloperidol
    • Blum K., Eubanks J.D., Wallace J.E., Hamilton H. Enhancement of alcohol withdrawal convulsions in mice by haloperidol. Clin Toxicol 1976, 9(3):427-434.
    • (1976) Clin Toxicol , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 427-434
    • Blum, K.1    Eubanks, J.D.2    Wallace, J.E.3    Hamilton, H.4
  • 74
    • 0020639895 scopus 로고
    • Opiate addiction and depression: cause or effect?
    • Dackis C., Gold M.S. Opiate addiction and depression: cause or effect?. Drug Alcohol Depend 1983, 11(1):105-109.
    • (1983) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-109
    • Dackis, C.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 75
    • 0020793622 scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism or is it depression?
    • Gold M.S., Pearsall H.R. Hypothyroidism or is it depression?. Psychosomatics 1983, 24(7):646-657.
    • (1983) Psychosomatics , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 646-657
    • Gold, M.S.1    Pearsall, H.R.2
  • 76
    • 0029969050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use disorder exacerbates brain electrophysiological abnormalities in a psychiatrically-ill population
    • Braverman E.R., Blum K. Substance use disorder exacerbates brain electrophysiological abnormalities in a psychiatrically-ill population. Clin Electroencephalogr 1996, 27:5-27.
    • (1996) Clin Electroencephalogr , vol.27 , pp. 5-27
    • Braverman, E.R.1    Blum, K.2
  • 77
    • 0021636982 scopus 로고
    • The sequential use of clonidine and naltrexone in the treatment of opiate addicts
    • Gold M.S., Dackis C.A., Washton A.M. The sequential use of clonidine and naltrexone in the treatment of opiate addicts. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse 1984, 3(3):19-39.
    • (1984) Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 19-39
    • Gold, M.S.1    Dackis, C.A.2    Washton, A.M.3
  • 78
    • 0017576073 scopus 로고
    • Naloxone-induced inhibition of ethanol dependence in mice
    • Blum K., Futterman S., Wallace J.E., Schwertner H.A. Naloxone-induced inhibition of ethanol dependence in mice. Nature 1977, 265(5589):49-51.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.265 , Issue.5589 , pp. 49-51
    • Blum, K.1    Futterman, S.2    Wallace, J.E.3    Schwertner, H.A.4
  • 81
    • 0023036260 scopus 로고
    • Central stimulant abuse: neurochemistry and pharmacotherapy
    • Dackis C.A., Gold M.S., Pottash A.L. Central stimulant abuse: neurochemistry and pharmacotherapy. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse 1986, 6(2):7-21.
    • (1986) Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 7-21
    • Dackis, C.A.1    Gold, M.S.2    Pottash, A.L.3
  • 82
    • 0007554351 scopus 로고
    • The psychopharmacology of cocaine
    • Gold M.S., Verebey K. The psychopharmacology of cocaine. Psychiatric Annals 1984, 14(10):714-723.
    • (1984) Psychiatric Annals , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 714-723
    • Gold, M.S.1    Verebey, K.2
  • 83
    • 0022532478 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dysfunction secondary to cocaine abuse
    • Cocores J.A., Dackis C.A., Gold M.S. Sexual dysfunction secondary to cocaine abuse. J Clin Psychiatry 1986, 47(7):384-385.
    • (1986) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 384-385
    • Cocores, J.A.1    Dackis, C.A.2    Gold, M.S.3
  • 84
    • 0012546453 scopus 로고
    • Drugs of Abuse: a comprehensive series for clinicians
    • Cocaine. New York and London: Plenum Medical Book Company
    • Gold MS. Drugs of Abuse: a comprehensive series for clinicians. Vol. III Cocaine. New York and London: Plenum Medical Book Company; 1993.
    • (1993) , vol.3
    • Gold, M.S.1
  • 85
    • 0344422100 scopus 로고
    • Is there a treatment or treatments for addiction?
    • Gold M.S. Is there a treatment or treatments for addiction?. Contemp Psychology 1993, 38:1119-1120.
    • (1993) Contemp Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 1119-1120
    • Gold, M.S.1
  • 86
    • 77649271876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do dopaminergic gene polymorphisms affect mesolimbic reward activation of music listening response? Therapeutic impact on Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)
    • Blum K., Chen T.J., Chen A.L., et al. Do dopaminergic gene polymorphisms affect mesolimbic reward activation of music listening response? Therapeutic impact on Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Med Hypotheses 2010, 74(3):513-520.
    • (2010) Med Hypotheses , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 513-520
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.2    Chen, A.L.3
  • 87
    • 56849084636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome
    • Blum K., Chen A.L., Braverman E.R., et al. Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and reward deficiency syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2008, 4(5):893-918.
    • (2008) Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 893-918
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, A.L.2    Braverman, E.R.3
  • 88
    • 34548839881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) activity to influence the attenuation of substance seeking behavior, a subtype of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), is dependent upon gene polymorphisms: a hypothesis
    • Blum K., Chen T.J., Meshkin B., et al. Manipulation of catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) activity to influence the attenuation of substance seeking behavior, a subtype of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), is dependent upon gene polymorphisms: a hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2007, 69(5):1054-1060.
    • (2007) Med Hypotheses , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 1054-1060
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.2    Meshkin, B.3
  • 89
    • 0034589734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders
    • Comings D.E., Blum K. Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders. Prog Brain Res 2000, 126:325-341.
    • (2000) Prog Brain Res , vol.126 , pp. 325-341
    • Comings, D.E.1    Blum, K.2
  • 91
    • 18044377228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone augments the effects of nicotine replacement therapy in female smokers
    • Byars J.A., Frost-Pineda K., Jacobs W.S., Gold M.S. Naltrexone augments the effects of nicotine replacement therapy in female smokers. J Add Dis 2005, 24(2):49-61.
    • (2005) J Add Dis , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 49-61
    • Byars, J.A.1    Frost-Pineda, K.2    Jacobs, W.S.3    Gold, M.S.4
  • 93
    • 55349117448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesizing that marijuana smokers are at a significantly lower risk of carcinogenicity relative to tobacco-non-marijuana smokers: evidenced based on statistical reevaluation of current literature
    • Chen A.L., Chen T.J., Braverman E.R., et al. Hypothesizing that marijuana smokers are at a significantly lower risk of carcinogenicity relative to tobacco-non-marijuana smokers: evidenced based on statistical reevaluation of current literature. J Psychoactive Drugs 2008, 40(3):263-272.
    • (2008) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 263-272
    • Chen, A.L.1    Chen, T.J.2    Braverman, E.R.3
  • 95
    • 0024970399 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol ingestive behavior as a function of central neurotransmission
    • Blum K., Briggs A.H., Trachtenberg M.C. Ethanol ingestive behavior as a function of central neurotransmission. Experientia 1989, 45(5):444-452.
    • (1989) Experientia , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 444-452
    • Blum, K.1    Briggs, A.H.2    Trachtenberg, M.C.3
  • 96
    • 26244465185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptides in cannabis, nicotine, and alcohol dependence
    • Bruijnzeel A.W., Gold M.S. The role of corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptides in cannabis, nicotine, and alcohol dependence. Brain Res Rev 2005, 49(3):505-528.
    • (2005) Brain Res Rev , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 505-528
    • Bruijnzeel, A.W.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 97
    • 33947276267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of CRF receptors prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal in rats
    • Bruijnzeel A.W., Zislis G., Wilson C., Gold M.S. Antagonism of CRF receptors prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007, 32(4):955-996.
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 955-996
    • Bruijnzeel, A.W.1    Zislis, G.2    Wilson, C.3    Gold, M.S.4
  • 98
    • 34248682431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased drinking during withdrawal from intermittent ethanol exposure is blocked by the CRF receptor antagonist d-Phe-CRF(12-41)
    • Finn D.A., Snelling C., Fretwell A.M., et al. Increased drinking during withdrawal from intermittent ethanol exposure is blocked by the CRF receptor antagonist d-Phe-CRF(12-41). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007, 31(6):939-949.
    • (2007) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 939-949
    • Finn, D.A.1    Snelling, C.2    Fretwell, A.M.3
  • 99
    • 0023637467 scopus 로고
    • Enkephalinase inhibition: regulation of ethanol intake in genetically predisposed mice
    • Blum K., Briggs A.H., Trachtenberg M.C., Delallo L., Wallace J.E. Enkephalinase inhibition: regulation of ethanol intake in genetically predisposed mice. Alcohol 1987, 4(6):449-456.
    • (1987) Alcohol , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 449-456
    • Blum, K.1    Briggs, A.H.2    Trachtenberg, M.C.3    Delallo, L.4    Wallace, J.E.5
  • 100
    • 0019951303 scopus 로고
    • Reduced leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive substance in hamster basal ganglia after long-term ethanol exposure
    • Blum K., Briggs A.H., Elston S.F., DeLallo L., Sheridan P.J., Sar M. Reduced leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive substance in hamster basal ganglia after long-term ethanol exposure. Science 1982, 216(4553):1425-1427.
    • (1982) Science , vol.216 , Issue.4553 , pp. 1425-1427
    • Blum, K.1    Briggs, A.H.2    Elston, S.F.3    DeLallo, L.4    Sheridan, P.J.5    Sar, M.6
  • 101
    • 0021032679 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol acceptance as a function of genotype amounts of brain [Met]enkephalin
    • Blum K., Elston S.F., DeLallo L., Briggs A.H., Wallace J.E. Ethanol acceptance as a function of genotype amounts of brain [Met]enkephalin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983, 80(21):6510-6512.
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.80 , Issue.21 , pp. 6510-6512
    • Blum, K.1    Elston, S.F.2    DeLallo, L.3    Briggs, A.H.4    Wallace, J.E.5
  • 102
    • 0023265708 scopus 로고
    • Regional brain [Met]-enkephalin in alcohol-preferring and non-alcohol-preferring inbred strains of mice
    • Blum K., Briggs A.H., Wallace J.E., Hall C.W., Trachtenberg M.A. Regional brain [Met]-enkephalin in alcohol-preferring and non-alcohol-preferring inbred strains of mice. Experientia 1987, 43(4):408-410.
    • (1987) Experientia , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 408-410
    • Blum, K.1    Briggs, A.H.2    Wallace, J.E.3    Hall, C.W.4    Trachtenberg, M.A.5
  • 104
    • 27544456862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass index and marijuana use
    • Warren M., Frost-Pineda K., Gold M. Body mass index and marijuana use. J Add Dis 2004, 24(3):95-100.
    • (2004) J Add Dis , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 95-100
    • Warren, M.1    Frost-Pineda, K.2    Gold, M.3
  • 105
    • 3843058207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of satiety and reward response to food stimulation
    • James G.A., Gold M.S., Liu Y. Interaction of satiety and reward response to food stimulation. J Add Dis 2004, 23(3):23-37.
    • (2004) J Add Dis , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 23-37
    • James, G.A.1    Gold, M.S.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 107
    • 3843074479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and eating disorders as an addiction
    • Gold M.S. Obesity and eating disorders as an addiction. J Add Dis 2004, 23(3):1-3.
    • (2004) J Add Dis , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-3
    • Gold, M.S.1
  • 109
    • 65349107154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight gain during substance abuse treatment: the dual problem of addiction and overeating in an adolescent population
    • Almeyda T.D., Penn D.R., Hodgkins C., Frost-Pineda K., Gold M.S. Weight gain during substance abuse treatment: the dual problem of addiction and overeating in an adolescent population. J Addict Disease. 2007, 26:41-50.
    • (2007) J Addict Disease. , vol.26 , pp. 41-50
    • Almeyda, T.D.1    Penn, D.R.2    Hodgkins, C.3    Frost-Pineda, K.4    Gold, M.S.5
  • 110
    • 67649961275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrigenomic targeting of carbohydrate craving behavior: can we manage obesity and aberrant craving behaviors with neurochemical pathway manipulation by Immunological Compatible Substances (nutrients) using a Genetic Positioning System (GPS) Map?
    • Downs B.W., Chen A.L., Chen T.J., et al. Nutrigenomic targeting of carbohydrate craving behavior: can we manage obesity and aberrant craving behaviors with neurochemical pathway manipulation by Immunological Compatible Substances (nutrients) using a Genetic Positioning System (GPS) Map?. Med Hypotheses 2009, 73(3):427-434.
    • (2009) Med Hypotheses , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 427-434
    • Downs, B.W.1    Chen, A.L.2    Chen, T.J.3
  • 111
    • 57049130437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract (OB131) on adipogenesis as mediated via down regulation of the PPARgamma and leptin genes and up-regulation of the adiponectin gene
    • Oben J.E., Ngondi J.L., Blum K. Inhibition of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract (OB131) on adipogenesis as mediated via down regulation of the PPARgamma and leptin genes and up-regulation of the adiponectin gene. Lipids Health Dis 2008, 13(7):44.
    • (2008) Lipids Health Dis , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 44
    • Oben, J.E.1    Ngondi, J.L.2    Blum, K.3
  • 112
    • 33847394009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward deficiency syndrome in obesity: a preliminary cross-sectional trial with a Genotrim variant
    • Blum K., Chen T.J., Meshkin B., et al. Reward deficiency syndrome in obesity: a preliminary cross-sectional trial with a Genotrim variant. Adv Ther 2006, 23(6):1040-1051.
    • (2006) Adv Ther , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 1040-1051
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.2    Meshkin, B.3
  • 113
    • 33846355581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotrim, a DNA-customized nutrigenomic product, targets genetic factors of obesity: hypothesizing a dopamine-glucose correlation demonstrating reward deficiency syndrome (RDS)
    • Blum K., Chen T.J., Meshkin B., et al. Genotrim, a DNA-customized nutrigenomic product, targets genetic factors of obesity: hypothesizing a dopamine-glucose correlation demonstrating reward deficiency syndrome (RDS). Med Hypotheses 2007, 68(4):844-852.
    • (2007) Med Hypotheses , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 844-852
    • Blum, K.1    Chen, T.J.2    Meshkin, B.3
  • 114
    • 38349056641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance enhancing, non-prescription use of Ritalin: a comparison with amphetamines and cocaine
    • Svetlov S., Kobiessy F.H., Gold M.S. Performance enhancing, non-prescription use of Ritalin: a comparison with amphetamines and cocaine. J Addict Disease 2007, 26(4):1-6.
    • (2007) J Addict Disease , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-6
    • Svetlov, S.1    Kobiessy, F.H.2    Gold, M.S.3
  • 118
    • 33750429975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regarding "Is cigarette smoking a gateway to alcohol and illicit drug use disorders? A study of youths with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"
    • Gold M.S., Frost-Pineda K. Regarding "Is cigarette smoking a gateway to alcohol and illicit drug use disorders? A study of youths with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" Biol Psychiatry 2006, 60(10):1166.
    • (2006) Biol Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.10 , pp. 1166
    • Gold, M.S.1    Frost-Pineda, K.2
  • 119
    • 33750984513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed P300 latency correlates with abnormal Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) in adults and predicts early cognitive decline in a clinical setting
    • Braverman E.R., Chen T.J., Schoolfield J., et al. Delayed P300 latency correlates with abnormal Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) in adults and predicts early cognitive decline in a clinical setting. Adv Ther 2006, 23(4):582-600.
    • (2006) Adv Ther , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 582-600
    • Braverman, E.R.1    Chen, T.J.2    Schoolfield, J.3
  • 120
    • 31544477166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurogenetic interactions and aberrant behavioral co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): dispelling myths
    • Comings D.E., Chen T.J., Blum K., Mengucci J.F., Blum S.H., Meshkin B. Neurogenetic interactions and aberrant behavioral co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): dispelling myths. Theor Biol Med Model 2005, 23(2):50.
    • (2005) Theor Biol Med Model , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 50
    • Comings, D.E.1    Chen, T.J.2    Blum, K.3    Mengucci, J.F.4    Blum, S.H.5    Meshkin, B.6
  • 123
    • 50849132530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fentanyl dose and exposure duration on the affective and somatic signs of fentanyl withdrawal in rats
    • Liu J., Pan H., Gold M.S., Derendorf H., Bruijnzeel A.W. Effects of fentanyl dose and exposure duration on the affective and somatic signs of fentanyl withdrawal in rats. Neuropharmacology 2008, 55(5):812-818.
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 812-818
    • Liu, J.1    Pan, H.2    Gold, M.S.3    Derendorf, H.4    Bruijnzeel, A.W.5
  • 125
    • 3342976344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcotic antagonists in drug dependence. pilot study showing enhancement of compliance with SYN-10, amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition therapy
    • Chen T.J., Blum K., Payte J.T., et al. Narcotic antagonists in drug dependence. pilot study showing enhancement of compliance with SYN-10, amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition therapy. Med Hypotheses 2004, 63(3):538-548.
    • (2004) Med Hypotheses , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 538-548
    • Chen, T.J.1    Blum, K.2    Payte, J.T.3
  • 126
    • 0020459944 scopus 로고
    • On the mechanism of methadone-induced alcohol consumption in humans
    • Blum K., Briggs A.H., DeLallo L. On the mechanism of methadone-induced alcohol consumption in humans. Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse 1982, 3(1-2):1-4.
    • (1982) Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse , vol.3 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-4
    • Blum, K.1    Briggs, A.H.2    DeLallo, L.3
  • 127
    • 34250824640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene Narcotic Attenuation Program attenuates substance use disorder, a clinical subtype of reward deficiency syndrome
    • Chen T.J., Blum K., Waite R.L., Meshkin B., Schoolfield J., Downs B.W., et al. Gene Narcotic Attenuation Program attenuates substance use disorder, a clinical subtype of reward deficiency syndrome. Adv Ther 2007, 24(2):402-414.
    • (2007) Adv Ther , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 402-414
    • Chen, T.J.1    Blum, K.2    Waite, R.L.3    Meshkin, B.4    Schoolfield, J.5    Downs, B.W.6
  • 128
    • 38849209310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in leptin, ghrelin, growth hormone and neuropeptide-Y after an acute model of MDMA and methamphetamine exposure in rats
    • Kobeissy F.H., Jeung J.A., Warren M.W., Geier J.E., Gold M.S. Changes in leptin, ghrelin, growth hormone and neuropeptide-Y after an acute model of MDMA and methamphetamine exposure in rats. Addict Biol 2008, 13(1):15-25.
    • (2008) Addict Biol , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-25
    • Kobeissy, F.H.1    Jeung, J.A.2    Warren, M.W.3    Geier, J.E.4    Gold, M.S.5
  • 129
    • 45849132027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription opioid abuse and dependence among physicians: hypotheses and treatment
    • Merlo L.J., Gold M.S. Prescription opioid abuse and dependence among physicians: hypotheses and treatment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2008, 16(3):181-194.
    • (2008) Harvard Review of Psychiatry , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-194
    • Merlo, L.J.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 130
    • 46849102577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special report - frontiers in psychiatric research: addiction research: the state of the art in 2008
    • Merlo L.J., Gold M.S. Special report - frontiers in psychiatric research: addiction research: the state of the art in 2008. Psychiatric Times 2008, 25(7):52-57.
    • (2008) Psychiatric Times , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 52-57
    • Merlo, L.J.1    Gold, M.S.2
  • 132
    • 79952061081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing the mysteries of recovery through nutrigenomic and holistic medicine: "Science Meets Recovery" through Seminal Translational Research
    • Giordano J., Blum k Probing the mysteries of recovery through nutrigenomic and holistic medicine: "Science Meets Recovery" through Seminal Translational Research. Prof Councelor Mag 2010, 11(5):10-16.
    • (2010) Prof Councelor Mag , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 10-16
    • Giordano, J.1    Blum, K.2
  • 133
    • 56749117764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five year outcomes in a cohort study of physicians treated for substance use disorders in the United States
    • McLellan A.T., Skipper G.S., Campbell M., DuPont R.L. Five year outcomes in a cohort study of physicians treated for substance use disorders in the United States. BMJ (Clinical research edition) 2008, 337:1-6.
    • (2008) BMJ (Clinical research edition) , vol.337 , pp. 1-6
    • McLellan, A.T.1    Skipper, G.S.2    Campbell, M.3    DuPont, R.L.4
  • 134
    • 74449089866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic, personality, and environmental predictors of drug use in adolescents
    • Conner B.T., Hellemann G.S., Ritchie T.L., Noble E.P. Genetic, personality, and environmental predictors of drug use in adolescents. J Subst Abuse Treat 2010, 38(2):178-190.
    • (2010) J Subst Abuse Treat , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 178-190
    • Conner, B.T.1    Hellemann, G.S.2    Ritchie, T.L.3    Noble, E.P.4
  • 135
    • 77950364493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side effects profile in humans of (11)C-(+)-PHNO, a dopamine D(2/3) agonist ligand for PET
    • Mizrahi R., Houle S., Vitcu I., Ng A., Wilson A.A. Side effects profile in humans of (11)C-(+)-PHNO, a dopamine D(2/3) agonist ligand for PET. J Nucl Med 2010, 51(3):496-497.
    • (2010) J Nucl Med , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 496-497
    • Mizrahi, R.1    Houle, S.2    Vitcu, I.3    Ng, A.4    Wilson, A.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.