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Volumn 50, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1673-1677

α,β-Unsaturated acyl azoliums from N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed reactions: Observation and mechanistic investigation

Author keywords

acyl azolium; N heterocyclic carbenes; organocatalysis; reaction mechanisms; redox reactions

Indexed keywords

ACYL AZOLIUM; ANNULATION REACTIONS; CATALYTIC CONDITIONS; CATALYZED REACTIONS; CHEMO-SELECTIVITY; KINETIC STUDY; N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES; ORGANOCATALYSIS; REACTION MECHANISMS; REACTIVE INTERMEDIATE; SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE;

EID: 79851471854     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: 15213773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005352     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (136)

References (76)
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    • Zeitler first invoked the intermediacy of α,β-unsaturated acyl azoliums in the NHC-catalyzed redox esterification of ynals to give (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters., K. Zeitler, Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 637-640.
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    • Our recently reported NHC-catalyzed Coates-Claisen reaction also features α,β-unsaturated acyl azoliums as important intermediate in the catalytic cyle., J. Kaeobamrung, J. Mahatthananchai, P. Zheng, J. W. Bode, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 8810-8812.
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    • Carboxylic acids appear to form adducts with triazolium salt 3 through an addition to C-2. This is similar to the behavior of other triazolium salts, see
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    • The discussion regarding NHC-catalyzed reaction without added base has been reported in Ref. [18]. Our current understanding is that the counter anion serves the role of base in generating a trace amount of the active NHC species, which initiates the catalytic cycle
    • The discussion regarding NHC-catalyzed reaction without added base has been reported in Ref. [18]. Our current understanding is that the counter anion serves the role of base in generating a trace amount of the active NHC species, which initiates the catalytic cycle.
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    • For various discussions regarding the interaction of NHCs and protic nucleophiles, see
    • For various discussions regarding the interaction of NHCs and protic nucleophiles, see
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    • Note
    • a does not affect the interpretation of the proposed mechanism.
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    • For a similar approach to the measurements of the difference in the activation parameters between two competing pathways, see:, M. Nigam, M. S. Platz, B. M. Showalter, J. P. Toscano, R. Johnson, S. C. Abbot, M. M. Kirchhoff, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8055-8059.
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    • The redox reaction-protonation step is excluded from being rate limiting based on isotopic labeling experiments, which show no kinetic isotope effect for protonation (see the Supporting Information)
    • The redox reaction-protonation step is excluded from being rate limiting based on isotopic labeling experiments, which show no kinetic isotope effect for protonation (see the Supporting Information).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.