메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 365-376

Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Shared pathology and treatment?

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Clinical trial; Diabetes; Insulin physiology

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCT; AMYLOID; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4; DONEPEZIL; INSULIN; INSULIN RECEPTOR; METFORMIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AGONIST; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; ROSIGLITAZONE; TAU PROTEIN;

EID: 79251623365     PISSN: 03065251     EISSN: 13652125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03830.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (299)

References (161)
  • 2
    • 74049099554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: type 3 diabetes?
    • Kroner Z. The relationship between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: type 3 diabetes? Altern Med Rev 2009; 14: 373-9.
    • (2009) Altern Med Rev , vol.14 , pp. 373-9
    • Kroner, Z.1
  • 3
    • 36949038203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic implications
    • Jiang Q, Heneka M, Landreth GE. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs 2008; 22: 1-14.
    • (2008) CNS Drugs , vol.22 , pp. 1-14
    • Jiang, Q.1    Heneka, M.2    Landreth, G.E.3
  • 5
    • 0031426348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diabetes mellitus on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to insulin
    • Banks WA, Jaspan JB, Kastin AJ. Effect of diabetes mellitus on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to insulin. Peptides 1997; 18: 1577-84.
    • (1997) Peptides , vol.18 , pp. 1577-84
    • Banks, W.A.1    Jaspan, J.B.2    Kastin, A.J.3
  • 6
    • 0033857975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with reduced brain insulin transport in dogs
    • Kaiyala KJ, Prigeon RL, Kahn SE, Woods SC, Schwartz MW. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with reduced brain insulin transport in dogs. Diabetes 2000; 49: 1525-33.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 1525-33
    • Kaiyala, K.J.1    Prigeon, R.L.2    Kahn, S.E.3    Woods, S.C.4    Schwartz, M.W.5
  • 9
    • 34147173277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: potential mechanisms and implications for treatment
    • Craft S. Insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: potential mechanisms and implications for treatment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2007; 4: 147-52.
    • (2007) Curr Alzheimer Res , vol.4 , pp. 147-52
    • Craft, S.1
  • 11
    • 79251601839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at (last accessed 18 August 2010).
    • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at (last accessed 18 August 2010).
  • 12
    • 34547667389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-diabetes: clinical relevance and therapeutic approach
    • Pratley RE, Matfin G. Pre-diabetes: clinical relevance and therapeutic approach. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2007; 7: 120-9.
    • (2007) Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis , vol.7 , pp. 120-9
    • Pratley, R.E.1    Matfin, G.2
  • 13
    • 79251633416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States. Available at (last accessed 18 August 2010).
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States. 2007. Available at (last accessed 18 August 2010).
    • (2007)
  • 14
    • 0037061867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Remuzzi G, Schieppati A, Ruggenenti P. Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1145-51.
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1145-51
    • Remuzzi, G.1    Schieppati, A.2    Ruggenenti, P.3
  • 17
    • 65649119680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle risk factors and new-onset diabetes mellitus in older adults: the cardiovascular health study
    • Mozaffarian D, Kamineni A, Carnethon M, Djousse L, Mukamal KJ, Siscovick D. Lifestyle risk factors and new-onset diabetes mellitus in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 798-807.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 798-807
    • Mozaffarian, D.1    Kamineni, A.2    Carnethon, M.3    Djousse, L.4    Mukamal, K.J.5    Siscovick, D.6
  • 18
    • 33846572868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycated hemoglobin and risk of stroke in people without known diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk prospective population study: a threshold relationship?
    • Myint PK, Sinha S, Wareham NJ, Bingham SA, Luben RN, Welch AA, Khaw KT. Glycated hemoglobin and risk of stroke in people without known diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk prospective population study: a threshold relationship? Stroke 2007; 38: 271-5.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , pp. 271-5
    • Myint, P.K.1    Sinha, S.2    Wareham, N.J.3    Bingham, S.A.4    Luben, R.N.5    Welch, A.A.6    Khaw, K.T.7
  • 19
    • 0030890905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system complications of diabetes mellitus - a perspective from the blood-brain barrier
    • Mooradian AD. Central nervous system complications of diabetes mellitus - a perspective from the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1997; 23: 210-18.
    • (1997) Brain Res Brain Res Rev , vol.23 , pp. 210-18
    • Mooradian, A.D.1
  • 20
    • 0028856460 scopus 로고
    • An English translation of Alzheimer's 1907 paper 'Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde'
    • Alzheimer A, Stelzmann RA, Schnitzlein HN, Murtagh FR. An English translation of Alzheimer's 1907 paper 'Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde'. Clin Anat 1995; 8: 429-43.
    • (1995) Clin Anat , vol.8 , pp. 429-43
    • Alzheimer, A.1    Stelzmann, R.A.2    Schnitzlein, H.N.3    Murtagh, F.R.4
  • 21
    • 77949336151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2010 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
    • Alzheimer's Association.
    • Alzheimer's Association. 2010 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2010; 6: 158-94.
    • (2010) Alzheimers Dement , vol.6 , pp. 158-94
  • 23
    • 0003652388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
    • American Psychiatric Association., 4th edn, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association,
    • American Psychiatric Association. DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 24
    • 0037041426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally secreted oligomers of amyloid beta protein potently inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation in vivo
    • Walsh DM, Klyubin I, Fadeeva JV, Cullen WK, Anwyl R, Wolfe MS, Rowan MJ, Selkoe DJ. Naturally secreted oligomers of amyloid beta protein potently inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation in vivo. Nature 2002; 416: 535-9.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 535-9
    • Walsh, D.M.1    Klyubin, I.2    Fadeeva, J.V.3    Cullen, W.K.4    Anwyl, R.5    Wolfe, M.S.6    Rowan, M.J.7    Selkoe, D.J.8
  • 25
    • 0023037536 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and partial characterization of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaque core in Alzheimer's disease: immunohistological studies
    • Gorevic PD, Goni F, Pons-Estel B, Alvarez F, Peress NS, Frangione B. Isolation and partial characterization of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaque core in Alzheimer's disease: immunohistological studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1986; 45: 647-64.
    • (1986) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 647-64
    • Gorevic, P.D.1    Goni, F.2    Pons-Estel, B.3    Alvarez, F.4    Peress, N.S.5    Frangione, B.6
  • 27
    • 0009364134 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) is a major antigenic component of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer disease
    • Kosik KS, Joachim CL, Selkoe DJ. Microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) is a major antigenic component of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 4044-8.
    • (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.83 , pp. 4044-8
    • Kosik, K.S.1    Joachim, C.L.2    Selkoe, D.J.3
  • 28
    • 0035927426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secretase targets for Alzheimer's disease: identification and therapeutic potential
    • Wolfe MS. Secretase targets for Alzheimer's disease: identification and therapeutic potential. J Med Chem 2001; 44: 2039-60.
    • (2001) J Med Chem , vol.44 , pp. 2039-60
    • Wolfe, M.S.1
  • 29
    • 0033595202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE genotype and gender effects on Alzheimer disease in 100 adults with Down syndrome
    • Lai F, Kammann E, Rebeck GW, Anderson A, Chen Y, Nixon RA. APOE genotype and gender effects on Alzheimer disease in 100 adults with Down syndrome. Neurology 1999; 53: 331-6.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 331-6
    • Lai, F.1    Kammann, E.2    Rebeck, G.W.3    Anderson, A.4    Chen, Y.5    Nixon, R.A.6
  • 30
    • 0023133252 scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms
    • Ordovas JM, Litwack-Klein L, Wilson PW, Schaefer MM, Schaefer EJ. Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotyping methodology and population frequency with identification of apoE1 and apoE5 isoforms. J Lipid Res 1987; 28: 371-80.
    • (1987) J Lipid Res , vol.28 , pp. 371-80
    • Ordovas, J.M.1    Litwack-Klein, L.2    Wilson, P.W.3    Schaefer, M.M.4    Schaefer, E.J.5
  • 31
    • 0009682659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candle and Darkness: Current Research in Alzheimer's Disease
    • Chicago: Bonus Books Inc,
    • Rogers J. Candle and Darkness: Current Research in Alzheimer's Disease. Chicago: Bonus Books Inc, 1998.
    • (1998)
    • Rogers, J.1
  • 34
    • 0028080315 scopus 로고
    • The Canadian Study of Health and Aging: risk factors for Alzheimer's disease in Canada
    • Anonymous.
    • Anonymous. The Canadian Study of Health and Aging: risk factors for Alzheimer's disease in Canada. Neurology 1994; 44: 2073-80.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 2073-80
  • 35
    • 0042023711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census
    • Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, Bennett DA, Evans DA. Alzheimer disease in the US population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol 2003; 60: 1119-22.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 1119-22
    • Hebert, L.E.1    Scherr, P.A.2    Bienias, J.L.3    Bennett, D.A.4    Evans, D.A.5
  • 38
  • 39
    • 79251645594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology: A Pharmacotherapy Approach
    • 4th edn, eds DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Mazke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM. New York: Appleton & Lange.
    • Crimson ML, Eggert AE. Alzheimer's disease. In: Pathophysiology: A Pharmacotherapy Approach, 4th edn, eds DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Mazke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM. New York: Appleton & Lange, 1999; 1077.
    • (1999) Alzheimer's disease , pp. 1077
    • Crimson, M.L.1    Eggert, A.E.2
  • 41
    • 50349102777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2006
    • National Vital Statistics Report, 56. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics,
    • Heron MP, Hoyert DL, Xu J, Scott C, Tejada-Vera B. Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2006. National Vital Statistics Report, 56. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2008.
    • (2008)
    • Heron, M.P.1    Hoyert, D.L.2    Xu, J.3    Scott, C.4    Tejada-Vera, B.5
  • 43
    • 0022633680 scopus 로고
    • Conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease at death: case-control study
    • Chandra V, Bharucha NE, Schoenberg BS. Conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease at death: case-control study. Neurology 1986; 36: 209-11.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 209-11
    • Chandra, V.1    Bharucha, N.E.2    Schoenberg, B.S.3
  • 44
    • 77953388318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: therapy for Alzheimer's disease: how effective are current treatments?
    • Lanctot DL, Rajaram RD, Herrmann N. Review: therapy for Alzheimer's disease: how effective are current treatments? Ther Adv Neurol 2009; 2: 163-80.
    • (2009) Ther Adv Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 163-80
    • Lanctot, D.L.1    Rajaram, R.D.2    Herrmann, N.3
  • 45
    • 0037221379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: implications for treatment
    • Watson GS, Craft S. The role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: implications for treatment. CNS Drugs 2003; 17: 27-45.
    • (2003) CNS Drugs , vol.17 , pp. 27-45
    • Watson, G.S.1    Craft, S.2
  • 46
    • 0002096610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gilman and Goodman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
    • 9th edn, eds Hardman JG, Gilman AG, Limbird LE. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Davis SN, Granner DK. Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas. In: Gilman and Goodman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th edn, eds Hardman JG, Gilman AG, Limbird LE. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996; 1487-517.
    • (1996) Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, and the pharmacology of the endocrine pancreas , pp. 1487-517
    • Davis, S.N.1    Granner, D.K.2
  • 48
    • 0018090354 scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat
    • Havrankova J, Roth J, Brownstein M. Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat. Nature 1978; 272: 827-9.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.272 , pp. 827-9
    • Havrankova, J.1    Roth, J.2    Brownstein, M.3
  • 49
    • 0034508636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptors and insulin action in the nervous system
    • Freychet P. Insulin receptors and insulin action in the nervous system. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000; 16: 390-2.
    • (2000) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.16 , pp. 390-2
    • Freychet, P.1
  • 50
    • 36448936053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common pathological processes in Alzheimer disease and type 2 diabetes: a review
    • Li L, Holscher C. Common pathological processes in Alzheimer disease and type 2 diabetes: a review. Brain Res Rev 2007; 56: 384-402.
    • (2007) Brain Res Rev , vol.56 , pp. 384-402
    • Li, L.1    Holscher, C.2
  • 52
    • 27844458139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin and cholesterol pathways in neuronal function, memory and neurodegeneration
    • Nelson TJ, Alkon DI. Insulin and cholesterol pathways in neuronal function, memory and neurodegeneration. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33: 1033-6.
    • (2005) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.33 , pp. 1033-6
    • Nelson, T.J.1    Alkon, D.I.2
  • 53
    • 14044273751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal synaptic modulation by the phosphotyrosine adapter protein AhcC/N-Shc via interaction with the NMDA receptor
    • Miyamoto Y, Chen L, Sato M, Sokabe M, Nabeshima T, Pawson T, Sakai R, Mori N. Hippocampal synaptic modulation by the phosphotyrosine adapter protein AhcC/N-Shc via interaction with the NMDA receptor. J Neurosci 2005; 16: 1826-35.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 1826-35
    • Miyamoto, Y.1    Chen, L.2    Sato, M.3    Sokabe, M.4    Nabeshima, T.5    Pawson, T.6    Sakai, R.7    Mori, N.8
  • 54
    • 33745215607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signalling mechanisms mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt cascade in synaptic plasticity and memory in the rat
    • Horwood JM, Dufour F, Laroche S, Davis S. Signalling mechanisms mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt cascade in synaptic plasticity and memory in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23: 3375-84.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 3375-84
    • Horwood, J.M.1    Dufour, F.2    Laroche, S.3    Davis, S.4
  • 55
    • 24944532213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PI3 kinase signaling is required for retrieval and extinction of contextual memory
    • Chen X, Garelick MG, Wang H, Lil V, Athos J, Storm DR. PI3 kinase signaling is required for retrieval and extinction of contextual memory. Nat Neurosci 2005; 8: 925-31.
    • (2005) Nat Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 925-31
    • Chen, X.1    Garelick, M.G.2    Wang, H.3    Lil, V.4    Athos, J.5    Storm, D.R.6
  • 56
    • 77951060396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PI3 kinase signaling is involved in Aβ-induced memory loss in Drosophila
    • Chiang HC, Wang L, Xie Z, Yau A, Zhong Y. PI3 kinase signaling is involved in Aβ-induced memory loss in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 7060-5.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 7060-5
    • Chiang, H.C.1    Wang, L.2    Xie, Z.3    Yau, A.4    Zhong, Y.5
  • 58
    • 0032740245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: biological functions and pathophysiology
    • Bredt DS. Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: biological functions and pathophysiology. Free Radic Res 1999; 31: 577-96.
    • (1999) Free Radic Res , vol.31 , pp. 577-96
    • Bredt, D.S.1
  • 62
    • 0015521813 scopus 로고
    • Increased frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with Huntington's chorea
    • Podolsky S, Leopold NA, Sax DS. Increased frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with Huntington's chorea. Lancet 1972; 1: 1356-8.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1356-8
    • Podolsky, S.1    Leopold, N.A.2    Sax, D.S.3
  • 63
    • 0027126287 scopus 로고
    • Retinoblastoma. For our eyes only
    • Harlow E. Retinoblastoma. For our eyes only. Nature 1992; 359: 270-1.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 270-1
    • Harlow, E.1
  • 67
    • 0022510796 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic localization of insulin receptors in rat brain: prominence in olfactory and limbic areas
    • Hill JM, Lesniak MA, Pert CB, Roth J. Autoradiographic localization of insulin receptors in rat brain: prominence in olfactory and limbic areas. Neuroscience 1986; 17: 1127-38.
    • (1986) Neuroscience , vol.17 , pp. 1127-38
    • Hill, J.M.1    Lesniak, M.A.2    Pert, C.B.3    Roth, J.4
  • 68
    • 0023271871 scopus 로고
    • Localization and characterization of insulin receptors in rat brain and pituitary gland using in vitro autoradiography and computerized densitometry
    • Werther GA, Hogg A, Oldfield BJ, McKinley MJ, Figdor R, Allen AM, Mendelsohn FA. Localization and characterization of insulin receptors in rat brain and pituitary gland using in vitro autoradiography and computerized densitometry. Endocrinology 1987; 121: 1562-70.
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.121 , pp. 1562-70
    • Werther, G.A.1    Hogg, A.2    Oldfield, B.J.3    McKinley, M.J.4    Figdor, R.5    Allen, A.M.6    Mendelsohn, F.A.7
  • 69
    • 0025612094 scopus 로고
    • Localization of insulin receptor mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization
    • Marks JL, Porte D Jr, Stahl WL, Baskin DG. Localization of insulin receptor mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization. Endocrinology 1990; 127: 3234-6.
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.127 , pp. 3234-6
    • Marks, J.L.1    Porte Jr, D.2    Stahl, W.L.3    Baskin, D.G.4
  • 71
    • 79251620883 scopus 로고
    • The Protein Kinase FactsBook
    • Hardie G, Hanks S, authors, eds., London: Academic Press,
    • Hardie G, Hanks S, authors, eds. The Protein Kinase FactsBook, Vol. 1. London: Academic Press, 1995.
    • (1995) , vol.1
  • 72
    • 79251620883 scopus 로고
    • The Protein Kinase FactsBook
    • Hardie G, Hanks S, authors, eds., London: Academic Press,
    • Hardie G, Hanks S, authors, eds. The Protein Kinase FactsBook, Vol. 2. London: Academic Press, 1995.
    • (1995) , vol.2
  • 74
    • 0024347261 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors in the human brain: quantitative autoradiographic localization
    • Adem A, Jossan SS, d'Argy R, Gillberg PG, Nordberg A, Winbald B, Sara V. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors in the human brain: quantitative autoradiographic localization. Brain Res 1989; 503: 299-303.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.503 , pp. 299-303
    • Adem, A.1    Jossan, S.S.2    d'Argy, R.3    Gillberg, P.G.4    Nordberg, A.5    Winbald, B.6    Sara, V.7
  • 75
    • 33644591150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and function deteriorate with progression of Alzheimer's disease: link to brain reductions in acetylcholine
    • Rivera EJ, Goldin A, Fulmer N, Tavares R, Wands JR, de la Monte SM. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and function deteriorate with progression of Alzheimer's disease: link to brain reductions in acetylcholine. J Alzheimers Dis 2005; 8: 247-68.
    • (2005) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.8 , pp. 247-68
    • Rivera, E.J.1    Goldin, A.2    Fulmer, N.3    Tavares, R.4    Wands, J.R.5    de la Monte, S.M.6
  • 76
    • 0036581966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic dyslipidemia
    • Taskinen M. Diabetic dyslipidemia. Atheroscler Suppl 2002; 3: 47-51.
    • (2002) Atheroscler Suppl , vol.3 , pp. 47-51
    • Taskinen, M.1
  • 79
    • 33746932145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino-terminal domain stability mediates apolipoprotein E aggregation into neurotoxic fibrils
    • Hatters DM, Zhong N, Rutenber E, Weisgraber KH. Amino-terminal domain stability mediates apolipoprotein E aggregation into neurotoxic fibrils. J Mol Biol 2006; 361: 932-44.
    • (2006) J Mol Biol , vol.361 , pp. 932-44
    • Hatters, D.M.1    Zhong, N.2    Rutenber, E.3    Weisgraber, K.H.4
  • 82
    • 70449564488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-degrading enzyme: structure-function relationship and its possible roles in health and disease
    • Fernandez-Gamba A, Leal MC, Morelli L, Castano EM. Insulin-degrading enzyme: structure-function relationship and its possible roles in health and disease. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15: 3644-55.
    • (2009) Curr Pharm Des , vol.15 , pp. 3644-55
    • Fernandez-Gamba, A.1    Leal, M.C.2    Morelli, L.3    Castano, E.M.4
  • 83
    • 4143134071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-degrading enzyme, apolipoprotein E, and Alzheimer's disease
    • Edland SD. Insulin-degrading enzyme, apolipoprotein E, and Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Neurosci 2004; 23: 213-17.
    • (2004) J Mol Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 213-17
    • Edland, S.D.1
  • 84
    • 70349505965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the JNK-interacting protein 1/islet brain 1 in cell degeneration in Alzheimer disease and diabetes
    • Beeler N, Riederer BM, Waeber G, Abderrahmani A. Role of the JNK-interacting protein 1/islet brain 1 in cell degeneration in Alzheimer disease and diabetes. Brain Res Bull 2009; 80: 274-81.
    • (2009) Brain Res Bull , vol.80 , pp. 274-81
    • Beeler, N.1    Riederer, B.M.2    Waeber, G.3    Abderrahmani, A.4
  • 88
    • 0036227542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Peila R, Rodriguez BL, Launer LJ. Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Diabetes 2002; 51: 1256-62.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 1256-62
    • Peila, R.1    Rodriguez, B.L.2    Launer, L.J.3
  • 90
    • 0036548070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • gamma-Secretase, Notch, Abeta and Alzheimer's disease: where do the presenilins fit in?
    • Sisodia SS, St George-Hyslop PH. gamma-Secretase, Notch, Abeta and Alzheimer's disease: where do the presenilins fit in? Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 3: 281-90.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 281-90
    • Sisodia, S.S.1    St George-Hyslop, P.H.2
  • 91
    • 27844498075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of beta-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and novel neuroprotective strategies
    • Holscher C. Development of beta-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and novel neuroprotective strategies. Rev Neurosci 2005; 16: 181-212.
    • (2005) Rev Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 181-212
    • Holscher, C.1
  • 92
    • 4644360412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MARKing tau for tangles and toxicity
    • Drewes G. MARKing tau for tangles and toxicity. Trends Biochem Sci 2004; 29: 548-55.
    • (2004) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.29 , pp. 548-55
    • Drewes, G.1
  • 93
    • 34250744600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in cell fate and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions
    • Doble BW, Woodgett JR. Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in cell fate and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Cells Tissues Organs 2007; 185: 73-84.
    • (2007) Cells Tissues Organs , vol.185 , pp. 73-84
    • Doble, B.W.1    Woodgett, J.R.2
  • 94
    • 0038187674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides
    • Phiel CJ, Wilson CA, Lee VM, Klein PS. GSK-3alpha regulates production of Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides. Nature 2003; 423: 435-9.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 435-9
    • Phiel, C.J.1    Wilson, C.A.2    Lee, V.M.3    Klein, P.S.4
  • 95
    • 33750523825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing the physicochemical and structural requirements for glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha inhibition: 2D-QSAR for 3-anilino-4-phenylmaleimides
    • Sivaprakasam P, Xie A, Doerksen RJ. Probing the physicochemical and structural requirements for glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha inhibition: 2D-QSAR for 3-anilino-4-phenylmaleimides. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14: 8210-18.
    • (2006) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.14 , pp. 8210-18
    • Sivaprakasam, P.1    Xie, A.2    Doerksen, R.J.3
  • 96
    • 3042558276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycogen synthase kinase 3: a drug target for CNS therapies
    • Bhat RV, Budd Haeberlein SL, Avila J. Glycogen synthase kinase 3: a drug target for CNS therapies. J Neurochem 2004; 89: 1313-17.
    • (2004) J Neurochem , vol.89 , pp. 1313-17
    • Bhat, R.V.1    Budd Haeberlein, S.L.2    Avila, J.3
  • 101
    • 33846080531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress medicates tau-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila
    • Dias-Santagata DD, Fulga TA, Duttaroy A, Feany MB. Oxidative stress medicates tau-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila. J Clin Invest 2007; 117: 236-45.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , pp. 236-45
    • Dias-Santagata, D.D.1    Fulga, T.A.2    Duttaroy, A.3    Feany, M.B.4
  • 104
    • 0037212882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong decrease of high sensitivity C-reactive protein with high-dose atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • DALI-Study Group
    • van de Ree MA, Huisman MV, Princen HM, Meinders AE, Kluft C, DALI-Study Group. Strong decrease of high sensitivity C-reactive protein with high-dose atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2003; 166: 129-35.
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.166 , pp. 129-35
    • van de Ree, M.A.1    Huisman, M.V.2    Princen, H.M.3    Meinders, A.E.4    Kluft, C.5
  • 105
    • 0346880504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory pathways and insulin action
    • Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory pathways and insulin action. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27 (Suppl. 3): S53-5.
    • (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.27 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Hotamisligil, G.S.1
  • 106
    • 0030731621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIDDM as a disease of the innate immune system: association of acute-phase reactants and interleukin-6 with metabolic syndrome X
    • Pickup JC, Mattock MB, Chusney GD, Burt D. NIDDM as a disease of the innate immune system: association of acute-phase reactants and interleukin-6 with metabolic syndrome X. Diabetologia 1997; 40: 1286-92.
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , pp. 1286-92
    • Pickup, J.C.1    Mattock, M.B.2    Chusney, G.D.3    Burt, D.4
  • 107
    • 0347930372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics, lifestyle and the roles of amyloid beta and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
    • Veurink G, Fuller SJ, Atwood CS, Martins RN. Genetics, lifestyle and the roles of amyloid beta and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Hum Biol 2003; 30: 639-67.
    • (2003) Ann Hum Biol , vol.30 , pp. 639-67
    • Veurink, G.1    Fuller, S.J.2    Atwood, C.S.3    Martins, R.N.4
  • 108
  • 109
    • 0034507950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A perspective on inflammation in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rogers J, Shen Y. A perspective on inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 924: 132-5.
    • (2000) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.924 , pp. 132-5
    • Rogers, J.1    Shen, Y.2
  • 110
    • 0035691035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease with human postmortem microglial cultures
    • Lue LF, Walker DG, Rogers J. Modeling microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease with human postmortem microglial cultures. Neurobiol Aging 2001; 22: 945-56.
    • (2001) Neurobiol Aging , vol.22 , pp. 945-56
    • Lue, L.F.1    Walker, D.G.2    Rogers, J.3
  • 111
    • 0030014561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The participation of interleukin-6, a stress-inducible cytokine, in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Hull M, Strauss S, Berger M, Volk B, Bauer J. The participation of interleukin-6, a stress-inducible cytokine, in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 1996; 78: 37-41.
    • (1996) Behav Brain Res , vol.78 , pp. 37-41
    • Hull, M.1    Strauss, S.2    Berger, M.3    Volk, B.4    Bauer, J.5
  • 112
    • 0035150373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra vitam lumbar and post mortem ventricular cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive interleukin-6 in Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Rosler N, Wichart I, Jellinger KA. Intra vitam lumbar and post mortem ventricular cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive interleukin-6 in Alzheimer's disease patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2001; 103: 126-30.
    • (2001) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.103 , pp. 126-30
    • Rosler, N.1    Wichart, I.2    Jellinger, K.A.3
  • 113
    • 0036321773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early inflammation and dementia: a 25-year follow-up of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Curb JD, Masaki K, White LR, Launer LJ. Early inflammation and dementia: a 25-year follow-up of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Ann Neurol 2002; 52: 168-74.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 168-74
    • Schmidt, R.1    Schmidt, H.2    Curb, J.D.3    Masaki, K.4    White, L.R.5    Launer, L.J.6
  • 117
    • 0034651101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: inhibition of beta-amyloid-stimulated proinflammatory responses and neurotoxicity by PPARgamma agonists
    • Combs CK, Johnson DE, Karlo JC, Cannady SB, Landreth GE. Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: inhibition of beta-amyloid-stimulated proinflammatory responses and neurotoxicity by PPARgamma agonists. J Neurosci 2000; 20: 558-67.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 558-67
    • Combs, C.K.1    Johnson, D.E.2    Karlo, J.C.3    Cannady, S.B.4    Landreth, G.E.5
  • 118
    • 34249821079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain mitochondrial dysfunction as a link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes
    • Moreira PI, Santos MS, Seica R, Oliveira CR. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction as a link between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. J Neurol Sci 2007; 257: 206-14.
    • (2007) J Neurol Sci , vol.257 , pp. 206-14
    • Moreira, P.I.1    Santos, M.S.2    Seica, R.3    Oliveira, C.R.4
  • 119
    • 0036796875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes
    • Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 2002; 23: 599-622.
    • (2002) Endocr Rev , vol.23 , pp. 599-622
    • Evans, J.L.1    Goldfine, I.D.2    Maddux, B.A.3    Grodsky, G.M.4
  • 120
    • 0037222391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative injury and apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion neurons in chronic experimental diabetic neuropathy
    • Schmeichel AM, Schmelzer JD, Low PA. Oxidative injury and apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion neurons in chronic experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 2003; 52: 165-71.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 165-71
    • Schmeichel, A.M.1    Schmelzer, J.D.2    Low, P.A.3
  • 121
    • 0038321341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased vulnerability of brain mitochondria in diabetic (Goto-Kakizaki) rats with aging and amyloid-beta exposure
    • Moreira PI, Santos MS, Moreno AM, Seica R, Oliveira CR. Increased vulnerability of brain mitochondria in diabetic (Goto-Kakizaki) rats with aging and amyloid-beta exposure. Diabetes 2003; 52: 1449-56.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1449-56
    • Moreira, P.I.1    Santos, M.S.2    Moreno, A.M.3    Seica, R.4    Oliveira, C.R.5
  • 122
    • 0034864018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial involvement in brain function and dysfunction: relevance to aging, neurodegenerative disorders and longevity
    • Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Giuffrida Stella AM, Bates TE, Clark JB. Mitochondrial involvement in brain function and dysfunction: relevance to aging, neurodegenerative disorders and longevity. Neurochem Res 2001; 26: 739-64.
    • (2001) Neurochem Res , vol.26 , pp. 739-64
    • Calabrese, V.1    Scapagnini, G.2    Giuffrida Stella, A.M.3    Bates, T.E.4    Clark, J.B.5
  • 123
    • 0034962860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria and degenerative disorders
    • Orth M, Schapira AH. Mitochondria and degenerative disorders. Am J Med Genet 2001; 106: 27-36.
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.106 , pp. 27-36
    • Orth, M.1    Schapira, A.H.2
  • 124
    • 3042806534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 'mitochondrial cascade hypothesis' for sporadic Alzheimer's disease
    • Swerdlow RH, Khan SM. A 'mitochondrial cascade hypothesis' for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses 2004; 63: 8-20.
    • (2004) Med Hypotheses , vol.63 , pp. 8-20
    • Swerdlow, R.H.1    Khan, S.M.2
  • 128
    • 33846057321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease
    • Razay G, Vreugdenhil A, Wilcock G. The metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2007; 64: 93-6.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 93-6
    • Razay, G.1    Vreugdenhil, A.2    Wilcock, G.3
  • 129
    • 77951058598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
    • Han W, Li C. Linking type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 6557-8.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 6557-8
    • Han, W.1    Li, C.2
  • 130
    • 44449179863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible involvement of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S. Possible involvement of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 14: 973-8.
    • (2008) Curr Pharm Des , vol.14 , pp. 973-8
    • Takeuchi, M.1    Yamagishi, S.2
  • 131
    • 35748972367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs): a novel therapeutic target for various disorders
    • Yamagishi S, Ueda S, Okuda S. Food-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs): a novel therapeutic target for various disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2007; 13: 2832-6.
    • (2007) Curr Pharm Des , vol.13 , pp. 2832-6
    • Yamagishi, S.1    Ueda, S.2    Okuda, S.3
  • 132
    • 3342948649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative routes for the formation of glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs (TAGE) in vivo
    • Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S. Alternative routes for the formation of glyceraldehyde-derived AGEs (TAGE) in vivo. Med Hypotheses 2004; 63: 453-5.
    • (2004) Med Hypotheses , vol.63 , pp. 453-5
    • Takeuchi, M.1    Yamagishi, S.2
  • 133
    • 3042637228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy
    • Yamagishi S, Takeuchi M, Inagaki Y, Nakamura K, Imaizumi T. Role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 2003; 23: 129-34.
    • (2003) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.23 , pp. 129-34
    • Yamagishi, S.1    Takeuchi, M.2    Inagaki, Y.3    Nakamura, K.4    Imaizumi, T.5
  • 134
    • 0030885482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals
    • Smith MA, Harris PL, Sayre LM, Perry G. Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 9866-8.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 9866-8
    • Smith, M.A.1    Harris, P.L.2    Sayre, L.M.3    Perry, G.4
  • 136
    • 70449732132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical analysis of human brain suggests pathological synergism of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus
    • Valente T, Gella A, Fernandez-Busquets X, Unzeta M, Durany N. Immunohistochemical analysis of human brain suggests pathological synergism of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 37: 67-76.
    • (2010) Neurobiol Dis , vol.37 , pp. 67-76
    • Valente, T.1    Gella, A.2    Fernandez-Busquets, X.3    Unzeta, M.4    Durany, N.5
  • 138
    • 0036183630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms of action of PPARs
    • Berger J, Moller DE. The mechanisms of action of PPARs. Annu Rev Med 2002; 53: 409-35.
    • (2002) Annu Rev Med , vol.53 , pp. 409-35
    • Berger, J.1    Moller, D.E.2
  • 139
    • 0033744396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review
    • Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review. Clin Ther 2000; 22: 1151-68.
    • (2000) Clin Ther , vol.22 , pp. 1151-68
    • Malinowski, J.M.1    Bolesta, S.2
  • 142
    • 4544335597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity
    • Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 2004; 256: 183-94.
    • (2004) J Intern Med , vol.256 , pp. 183-94
    • Petersen, R.C.1
  • 143
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939-44.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 939-44
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3    Katzman, R.4    Price, D.5    Stadlan, E.M.6
  • 147
    • 58149265311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone improved cognition in a pilot study on patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment with diabetes mellitus
    • Hanyu H, Sato T, Kiuchi A, Sakurai H, Iwamoto T. Pioglitazone improved cognition in a pilot study on patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment with diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57: 177-9.
    • (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.57 , pp. 177-9
    • Hanyu, H.1    Sato, T.2    Kiuchi, A.3    Sakurai, H.4    Iwamoto, T.5
  • 149
    • 3242740239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration
    • Thorne RG, Pronk GJ, Padmanabhan V, Frey WH 2nd. Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration. Neuroscience 2004; 127: 481-96.
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.127 , pp. 481-96
    • Thorne, R.G.1    Pronk, G.J.2    Padmanabhan, V.3    Frey 2nd, W.H.4
  • 152
    • 79251634655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Columbia University, Institute for the Study of Aging, National Institute on Aging. Metformin in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Available at (last accessed 19 August 2010).
    • Columbia University, Institute for the Study of Aging, National Institute on Aging. Metformin in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Available at (last accessed 19 August 2010).
  • 153
    • 38149065205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognition and diabetes: a lifespan perspective
    • Biessels GJ, Deary IJ, Ryan CM. Cognition and diabetes: a lifespan perspective. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 184-90.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 184-90
    • Biessels, G.J.1    Deary, I.J.2    Ryan, C.M.3
  • 154
    • 0021835896 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in adolescents who developed diabetes in later life
    • Ryan C, Vaga A, Drash A. Cognitive deficits in adolescents who developed diabetes in later life. Pediatrics 1985; 75: 921-7.
    • (1985) Pediatrics , vol.75 , pp. 921-7
    • Ryan, C.1    Vaga, A.2    Drash, A.3
  • 161
    • 77953195401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes drug woes spell trouble for the entire drug family
    • Wadman W. Diabetes drug woes spell trouble for the entire drug family. Nature Med 2010; 16: 614.
    • (2010) Nature Med , vol.16 , pp. 614
    • Wadman, W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.