메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 121, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 51-57

The contributions of antioxidant activity of lipoic acid in reducing neurogenerative progression of parkinson's disease: A review

Author keywords

Acid lipoic; Antioxidant; Neuroprotective; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; AMINE OXIDASE (FLAVIN CONTAINING); ASCORBIC ACID; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYTOCHROME C; DOPAMINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; THIOCTIC ACID; TOCOPHEROL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

EID: 78651081142     PISSN: 00207454     EISSN: 15635279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.535934     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 38349081326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSC, an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist and MAO B inhibitor, reverses behavior, monoamine neurotransmission, and amino acid alterations in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats
    • Aguiar, L. M., Macêdo, D. S., Vasconcelos, S. M., Oliveira, A. A., Sousa, F. C., & Viana, G. S. (2008). CSC, an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist and MAO B inhibitor, reverses behavior, monoamine neurotransmission, and amino acid alterations in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Brain Research, 1191(2), 192-199.
    • (2008) Brain Research , vol.1191 , Issue.2 , pp. 192-199
    • Aguiar, L.M.1    MacÊdo, D.S.2    Vasconcelos, S.M.3    Oliveira, A.A.4    Sousa, F.C.5    Viana, G.S.6
  • 3
    • 15044347562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotin uptake by human proximal tubular epithelial cells: Cellular and molecular aspects
    • Balamurugan, K., Vazirim, N. D., & Said, H. M. (2005). Biotin uptake by human proximal tubular epithelial cells: Cellular and molecular aspects. American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, 288(4), 823-831.
    • (2005) American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology , vol.288 , Issue.4 , pp. 823-831
    • Balamurugan, K.1    Vazirim, N.D.2    Said, H.M.3
  • 4
    • 33745810214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism and Parkinsons disease in the elderly: A community-based survey in Brazil (the Bambui study)
    • Barbosa, M. T., Caramelli, P., Maia, D. P., Cunningham, M. C. Q., Guerra, H. L., & Lima, C. M. F. (2006). Parkinsonism and Parkinsons disease in the elderly: A community-based survey in Brazil (the Bambui study). Movement and Disorder, 21(6), 800-808.
    • (2006) Movement and Disorder , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 800-808
    • Barbosa, M.T.1    Caramelli, P.2    Maia, D.P.3    Cunningham, M.C.Q.4    Guerra, H.L.5    Lima, C.M.F.6
  • 5
    • 66149180375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinsons disease: Molecular and imaging characteristics
    • Barsottini, O. G. P. (2009). Parkinsons disease: Molecular and imaging characteristics. Arquivos de Neuropsiquiartia, 67(1), 7-11.
    • (2009) Arquivos de Neuropsiquiartia , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-11
    • Barsottini, O.G.P.1
  • 7
    • 0030768236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of the antioxidante lipoic acid
    • Biewenga, G. P., Haenen, G. R.M. M., & Bast, A. (2000). The pharmacology of the antioxidante lipoic acid. General Pharmacology, 29(3), 315-331.
    • (2000) General Pharmacology , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-331
    • Biewenga, G.P.1    Haenen, G.R.M.M.2    Bast, A.3
  • 8
    • 34249039316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-lipoic acid differently affects the reserpine-induced oxidative stress in the striatum and prefrontal cortex of rat brain
    • Bilska, A., Dubiel, M., Sokolowska-Jezewicz, M., Lorenc-koci, E., & Wlodek, L. (2007). Alpha-lipoic acid differently affects the reserpine-induced oxidative stress in the striatum and prefrontal cortex of rat brain. Neuroscience, 146(4), 1758-1771.
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.146 , Issue.4 , pp. 1758-1771
    • Bilska, A.1    Dubiel, M.2    Sokolowska-Jezewicz, M.3    Lorenc-Koci, E.4    Wlodek, L.5
  • 9
    • 58149174089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of effect of alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin e on the lipid peroxidation, gamma-amino butyric and serotonin level in the brain of mice (Mus musculus) acutely intoxicated with lindane
    • Bist, R., & Bhatt,D. K. (2009). The evaluation of effect of alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E on the lipid peroxidation, gamma-amino butyric and serotonin level in the brain of mice (Mus musculus) acutely intoxicated with lindane. Journal of the Neurology Science, 276(1-2), 99-102.
    • (2009) Journal of the Neurology Science , vol.276 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 99-102
    • Bist, R.1    Bhattd., K.2
  • 10
    • 77956876357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmentation of cholinesterases and ATPase activities in the cerebellum and pons-medulla oblongata, by a combination of antioxidants (resveratrol, ascorbic acid, alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E), in acutely lindane intoxicated mice
    • Bist, R., & Bhatt, D. K. (2010). Augmentation of cholinesterases and ATPase activities in the cerebellum and pons-medulla oblongata, by a combination of antioxidants (resveratrol, ascorbic acid, alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E), in acutely lindane intoxicated mice. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 296(1-2), 83-87.
    • (2010) Journal of Neurological Sciences , vol.296 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 83-87
    • Bist, R.1    Bhatt, D.K.2
  • 11
    • 78651063643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brazil. (2006). Ministry of Health, Department of Health Policy Epidemiological Bulletin. Brasilia: Ministry of Health
    • Brazil. (2006). Ministry of Health, Department of Health Policy Epidemiological Bulletin. Brasilia: Ministry of Health.
  • 13
    • 0347719298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adenosine A(2A) receptor as an attractive target for Parkinsons disease treatment
    • Chen, J. F. (2003). The adenosine A(2A) receptor as an attractive target for Parkinsons disease treatment. Drug News & Perspectives, 16(9), 597-604.
    • (2003) Drug News & Perspectives , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 597-604
    • Chen, J.F.1
  • 14
    • 58149378140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution study of orally administered lipoic acid in rat brain tissues
    • Chng, H. T., New, L. S., Neo, A. H., Goh, C. W., Browne, E. R., & Chan, E. C. Y. (2009). Distribution study of orally administered lipoic acid in rat brain tissues. Brain Research, 1251(2), 80-86.
    • (2009) Brain Research , vol.1251 , Issue.2 , pp. 80-86
    • Chng, H.T.1    New, L.S.2    Neo, A.H.3    Goh, C.W.4    Browne, E.R.5    Chan, E.C.Y.6
  • 16
    • 0141741347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinsons disease: Mechanisms and models
    • Dauer, W., & Przedborski, S. (2003). Parkinsons disease: Mechanisms and models. Neuronscience, 39(2), 889-909.
    • (2003) Neuronscience , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 889-909
    • Dauer, W.1    Przedborski, S.2
  • 17
    • 52249084131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bevegelsesforstyrrelser og basalganglienes funksjon
    • Dietrichs, E. (2008). Bevegelsesforstyrrelser og basalganglienes funksjon. Tidsskr Nor Legeforen, 128(17), 1968-1971.
    • (2008) Tidsskr Nor Legeforen , vol.128 , Issue.17 , pp. 1968-1971
    • Dietrichs, E.1
  • 18
    • 77955392823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ibuprofen and lipoic acid diamide as codrug with neuroprotective activity: Pharmacological properties and effects in beta-amyloid (1-40) infused Alzheimers disease rat model
    • Di Stefano, A., Sozio, P., Cerasa, L. S., Iannitelli, A., Cataldi, A., Zara, S., et al. (2010). Ibuprofen and lipoic acid diamide as codrug with neuroprotective activity: Pharmacological properties and effects in beta-amyloid (1-40) infused Alzheimers disease rat model. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 23(2), 589-599.
    • (2010) International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 589-599
    • Di Stefano, A.1    Sozio, P.2    Cerasa, L.S.3    Iannitelli, A.4    Cataldi, A.5    Zara, S.6
  • 19
    • 0037418614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic mechanism and antiapoptotic therapy in the MPTP model
    • Eberhardt, O., & Schulz, J. B. (2003). Apoptotic mechanism and antiapoptotic therapy in the MPTP model. Toxicology Letters, 139(2-3), 135-151.
    • (2003) Toxicology Letters , vol.139 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 135-151
    • Eberhardt, O.1    Schulz, J.B.2
  • 20
    • 84874018317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, antioxidants and phytochemicals
    • Ferreira, I. C. R. F., & Abreu, R. M. V. (2007). Oxidative stress, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Bioanálise, 4(2), 12-18
    • (2007) Bioanálise , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 12-18
    • Ferreira, I.C.R.F.1    Abreu, R.M.V.2
  • 21
    • 69549088653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoic acid effects on lipid peroxidation level, superoxide dismutase activity and monoamines concentration in rat hippocampus
    • Ferreira, P. M. P., Militão, C. G. C., & Freitas, R. M. (2009). Lipoic acid effects on lipid peroxidation level, superoxide dismutase activity and monoamines concentration in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience Letters, 464(2), 131-134.
    • (2009) Neuroscience Letters , vol.464 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-134
    • Ferreira, P.M.P.1
  • 23
    • 78651106044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological studies of lipoic acid on behavioral changes and activity of superoxide dismutase in the striatum of rats after seizures induced by pilocarpine
    • Freitas, R. M. (2009). Pharmacological studies of lipoic acid on behavioral changes and activity of superoxide dismutase in the striatum of rats after seizures induced by pilocarpine. Revista Eletrônica de Farmácia, 6(1), 65-72.
    • (2009) Revista Eletrônica de Farmácia , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-72
    • Freitas, R.M.1
  • 24
    • 78651110413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacological effects of lipoic acid and ubiquinone on the mRNA level of interleukin-1beta and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat hippocampus after seizures
    • Freitas, R. M., Gomes, K. N., & Saldanha, G. B. (2010). Neuropharmacological effects of lipoic acid and ubiquinone on the mRNA level of interleukin-1beta and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat hippocampus after seizures. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 6(3), 80-86.
    • (2010) Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 80-86
    • Freitas, R.M.1    Gomes, K.N.2    Saldanha, G.B.3
  • 25
    • 78651106995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoic acid alters amino acid neurotransmitters content in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced seizures
    • Freitas, R. M., Oliveira, S. F., Saldanha, G. B., & Jordán, J. (2010). Lipoic acid alters amino acid neurotransmitters content in rat hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced seizures. Fundamental& Clinical Pharmacology, 6(3), 67-75.
    • (2010) Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 67-75
    • Freitas, R.M.1    Oliveira, S.F.2    Saldanha, G.B.3    Jordán, J.4
  • 26
    • 78651097749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitoc ôndria e doença de Parkinson: Contribuiç ões da genética no conhecimento do processo patogênico
    • Godeiro Júnior, C.O., Aguiar, P. M. C., Fełcio, A. C., & Ferraz, H. B. (2007).Mitoc ôndria e doença de Parkinson: Contribuiç ões da genética no conhecimento do processo patogênico. Einstein, 5(2), 177-181.
    • (2007) Einstein , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-181
    • Godeiro Júnior, C.O.1    Aguiar, P.M.C.2    Fełcio, A.C.3    Ferraz, H.B.4
  • 27
    • 18144406539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and inflammation in Parkinsons disease: Is there a causal link?
    • Hald, A., & Lotharius, J. (2005). Oxidative stress and inflammation in Parkinsons disease: Is there a causal link? Experimental Neurology, 193(3), 279-290.
    • (2005) Experimental Neurology , vol.193 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-290
    • Hald, A.1    Lotharius, J.2
  • 28
    • 0038790330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways in primary cultures of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons after neurotoxin treatment
    • Han, B. S., Hong, H. S., Choi, W. S., Markelonis, G. J., Oh, T. H., & Oh, Y. J. (2003). Caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways in primary cultures of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons after neurotoxin treatment. Journal Neuroscience, 23(3), 5069-5078.
    • (2003) Journal Neuroscience , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 5069-5078
    • Han, B.S.1    Hong, H.S.2    Choi, W.S.3    Markelonis, G.J.4    Oh, T.H.5    Oh, Y.J.6
  • 29
    • 33646849308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis is mediated via extracellular auto-oxidation and caspase 3-dependent activation of protein kinase Cdelta
    • Hanrott, K., Gudmunsen, L., Oneill, M. J., & Wonnacott, S. (2006). 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis is mediated via extracellular auto-oxidation and caspase 3-dependent activation of protein kinase Cdelta. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281(9), 5373-5382.
    • (2006) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.281 , Issue.9 , pp. 5373-5382
    • Hanrott, K.1    Gudmunsen, L.2    Oneill, M.J.3    Wonnacott, S.4
  • 31
    • 54349102344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-amplification of nigral degeneration in Parkinsons disease: A hypothesis
    • Ionov, I. D. (2008). Self-amplification of nigral degeneration in Parkinsons disease: A hypothesis. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118(2), 1741-1758.
    • (2008) International Journal of Neuroscience , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 1741-1758
    • Ionov, I.D.1
  • 32
    • 40849151857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA damage and impaired base excision repair during epileptogenesis
    • Jarrett, S. G. (2008). Mitochondrial DNA damage and impaired base excision repair during epileptogenesis. Neurobiology Disorders, 30(1), 130-138.
    • (2008) Neurobiology Disorders , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 130-138
    • Jarrett, S.G.1
  • 34
    • 0037332108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of reactive oxygen species in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation and6-hydroxydopamine cytotoxicity
    • Kulich, S. M., & Chu, C. T. (2003). Role of reactive oxygen species in extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation and6-hydroxydopamine cytotoxicity. Journal of Biosciences, 28(2), 83-89.
    • (2003) Journal of Biosciences , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-89
    • Kulich, S.M.1    Chu, C.T.2
  • 35
    • 0032902482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-lipoic acid reduces expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial adhesion of human monocytes after stimulation with advanced glycation end products
    • Kunt, T., Forst, T., Wilhelm, A., Tritschler, A., Pfuetzner, A., & Harzer,O. (1999). Alpha-lipoic acid reduces expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial adhesion of human monocytes after stimulation with advanced glycation end products. Clinical Science, 96(4),75-82.
    • (1999) Clinical Science , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 75-82
    • Kunt, T.1    Forst, T.2    Wilhelm, A.3    Tritschler, A.4    Pfuetzner, A.5    Harzer, O.6
  • 36
    • 0035433420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four deaths and a funeral: From caspases to alternative mechanisms
    • Leist, M., & Jaattela,M. (2001). Four deaths and a funeral: From caspases to alternative mechanisms. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology, 2(3), 589-598
    • (2001) Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 589-598
    • Leist, M.1    Jaattela, M.2
  • 39
    • 51449084024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoic acid as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimers disease
    • Maczurek, A., Hager, K., Kenklies, M., Sharman, M., Martins, R., Engel, J., et al. (2008). Lipoic acid as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimers disease. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60(2), 1463-1470.
    • (2008) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 1463-1470
    • MacZurek, A.1    Hager, K.2    Kenklies, M.3    Sharman, M.4    Martins, R.5    Engel, J.6
  • 41
    • 36348955137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinsons disease: Clinical features and treatment
    • Melo, L. M., Barbosa, E. R., & Caramelli, P. (2007). Cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinsons disease: Clinical features and treatment. Revista de Psiquiatria Cłnica, 34(4), 176-183.
    • (2007) Revista de Psiquiatria Cłnica , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 176-183
    • Melo, L.M.1    Barbosa, E.R.2    Caramelli, P.3
  • 45
    • 57649178442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and energy crises in neuronal dysfunction
    • Nicholls, D. G. (2008). Oxidative stress and energy crises in neuronal dysfunction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1147(3), 53-60.
    • (2008) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.1147 , Issue.3 , pp. 53-60
    • Nicholls, D.G.1
  • 48
    • 0029909010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid
    • Packer, L., Tritschler, H. J., & Wessel, K. (1997). Neuroprotection by the metabolic antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 22(3), 359-378.
    • (1997) Free Radical Biology & Medicine , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 359-378
    • Packer, L.1    Tritschler, H.J.2    Wessel, K.3
  • 50
    • 78651069872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estratégias para neuro-restauraç ão em modelos experimentais de doença de Parkinson
    • Pereira, M. C. L., Suzuki, D. E., Janjoppi, L., & Okamoto, O. K. (2007). Estratégias para neuro-restauraç ão em modelos experimentais de doença de Parkinson. Einstein, 5(4), 142-148.
    • (2007) Einstein , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 142-148
    • Pereira, M.C.L.1    Suzuki, D.E.2    Janjoppi, L.3    Okamoto, O.K.4
  • 51
    • 0037461309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in Parkinsons disease: A systematic assessment
    • Ravina, B.M., Fagan, S. C., Hart, R. G., Hovinga, C. A.,Murphy, D. D.,Dawson, T. M., et al. (2003).Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in Parkinsons disease: A systematic assessment. Neurology, 60(3), 1234-1240.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 1234-1240
    • Ravina, B.M.1    Fagan, S.C.2    Hart, R.G.3    Murphy, H.C.4    Dawson, T.M.D.5
  • 52
    • 78651076351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tegy for treatment with levodopa in Parkinsons disease
    • Rodrigues, M., & Campos, L. C. (2006). Tegy for treatment with levodopa in Parkinsons disease. Revista Analytica, 5(23), 121-129.
    • (2006) Revista Analytica , vol.5 , Issue.23 , pp. 121-129
    • Rodrigues, M.1    Campos, L.C.2
  • 53
    • 47249106357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoic acid: A novel therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis and other chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS
    • Salinthone, S., Yadav, V., Bourdette, D. N., & Carr, D. W.(2008). Lipoic acid: A novel therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis and other chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets, 8(2), 132-142.
    • (2008) Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-142
    • Salinthone, S.1    Yadav, V.2    Bourdette, D.N.3    Carr, D.W.4
  • 54
    • 0038394624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspases and apoptosis
    • Salvesen,G. S. (2002). Caspases and apoptosis. Essays in Biochemistry, 38(3), 9-19.
    • (2002) Essays in Biochemistry , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 9-19
    • Salvesen, G.S.1
  • 58
    • 69949104384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential
    • Shay, K. P., Moreau, R. F., Smith, E. J., Smith, A. R., & Hagen, T. M. (2009). Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement:Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Biochim et Biophys Acta, 1790(2), 1149-1160.
    • (2009) Biochim et Biophys Acta , vol.1790 , Issue.2 , pp. 1149-1160
    • Shay, K.P.1    Moreau, R.F.2    Smith, E.J.3    Smith, A.R.4    Hagen, T.M.5
  • 59
    • 2342544918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoic acid as a potential therapy for chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress
    • Smith, A. R., Shenvi, S. V.,Widlansky,M., Suh, J. H., & Hagen, T. M. (2004). Lipoic acid as a potential therapy for chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11(2), 4-12.
    • (2004) Current Medicinal Chemistry , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 4-12
    • Widlanskym, S.1    Shenvi, R.S.A.2    Suh, J.H.3    Hagen, T.M.4
  • 60
    • 0043238675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biochemistry of neuronal necrosis: Rogue biology? Nature Reviews
    • Syntichaki, P., & Tavernarakis, N. (2003). The biochemistry of neuronal necrosis: Rogue biology? Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 4(2), 672-684.
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 672-684
    • Syntichaki, P.1    Tavernarakis, N.2
  • 61
    • 0037378897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in Parkinsons disease: Signals for neuronal degradation
    • Tatton, W. G., Chalmers, R. R., Brown, D., & Tatton, N.(2003). Apoptosis in Parkinsons disease: Signals for neuronal degradation. Annals of Neurology, 53(4), 61-70.
    • (2003) Annals of Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 61-70
    • Tatton, W.G.1    Chalmers, R.R.2    Brown, D.3    Tatton, N.4
  • 63
    • 84855894113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson Disease
    • Teive, H. A.G. (2005). Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson Disease. Revista Neurociências, 13(4), 132-136.
    • (2005) Revista Neurociências , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 132-136
    • Teive, H.A.G.1
  • 64
    • 0141883925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual action of α-lipoic acid in the brain an electrophysiological evaluation
    • Vale, O. C., Fonteles, D. S. R., Cabral, F. R., & Fonteles, M. C. (2003). A dual action of α-lipoic acid in the brain an electrophysiological evaluation. Arq Neuropsiquiatria, 61(3-B), 738-745.
    • (2003) Arq Neuropsiquiatria , vol.61 , Issue.3 B , pp. 738-745
    • Vale, O.C.1    Fonteles, D.S.R.2    Cabral, F.R.3    Fonteles, M.C.4
  • 67
    • 0036525943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide donors: Chemical activities and biological applications
    • Wang, P. G., Xian, M., Tang, X., Wu, X., Wen, Z., Cai, T., et al. (2002). Nitric oxide donors: Chemical activities and biological applications. Chemical Reviews, 102(2), 1091-1134.
    • (2002) Chemical Reviews , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 1091-1134
    • Wang, P.G.1    Xian, M.2    Tang, X.3    Wu, X.4    Wen, Z.5    Cai, T.6
  • 68
    • 33845286141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic mechanisms underlying the a-lipoic acid facilitation of glutamate exocytosis in rat cerebral cortex nerve terminals
    • Wang, S. J., & Chen, H. H. (2007). Presynaptic mechanisms underlying the a-lipoic acid facilitation of glutamate exocytosis in rat cerebral cortex nerve terminals. Neurochemistry International, 50(4), 51-60.
    • (2007) Neurochemistry International , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 51-60
    • Wang, S.J.1    Chen, H.H.2
  • 70
    • 0242661909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-lipoic acid and cardiovascular disease
    • Wollin, S. D., & Jones, P. J. (2003). Alpha-lipoic acid and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Nutrition, 133(2), 3327-3330.
    • (2003) Journal of Nutrition , vol.133 , Issue.2 , pp. 3327-3330
    • Wollin, S.D.1    Jones, P.J.2
  • 71
    • 14544288232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in Parkinsons disease
    • Xu, K., Bastia, E., & Schwarzschild, M. A. (2005). Therapeutic potential of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in Parkinsons disease. Pharmacology Therapy, 105(5), 267-310.
    • (2005) Pharmacology Therapy , vol.105 , Issue.5 , pp. 267-310
    • Xu, K.1    Bastia, E.2    Schwarzschild, M.A.3
  • 72
    • 0037192439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeines Neuroprotection Against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine Toxicity Shows No Tolerance to Chronic Caffeine Administration in Mice
    • Xu, K., Xu, Y. H., Chen, J. F., & Schwarzschild, M. A. (2002). Caffeines neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity shows no tolerance to chronic caffeine administration in mice. Neuroscience Letters, 322(2), 3-6.
    • (2002) Neuroscience Letters , vol.322 , Issue.2 , pp. 3-6
    • Xu, K.1    Xu, Y.H.2    Chen, J.F.3    Schwarzschild, M.A.4
  • 73
    • 77951950272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined R-alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine exerts efficient preventative effects in a cellular model of Parkinsons disease
    • Zhang, H., Jia, H., Liu, J., Ao, N., Yan, B., Shen, W., et al. (2010). Combined R-alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine exerts efficient preventative effects in a cellular model of Parkinsons disease. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 14(1-2), 215-225.
    • (2010) Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 215-225
    • Zhang, H.1    Jia, H.2    Liu, J.3    Ao, N.4    Yan, B.5    Shen, W.6
  • 74
    • 57649155208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in Parkinsons disease: A mechanism of pathogenic and therapeutic significance
    • Zhou, C., Huang, Y., & Przedborski, S. (2008). Oxidative stress in Parkinsons disease: A mechanism of pathogenic and therapeutic significance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1147(3), 93-104.
    • (2008) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.1147 , Issue.3 , pp. 93-104
    • Zhou, C.1    Huang, Y.2    Przedborski, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.