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78649864458
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note
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Emergent properties arise when a group of simple species cooperate within a system, giving rise to more complex behavior that is a result of their collective interactions. The system-level or emergent features are not a property of any single component of the system and cannot be predicted or deduced readily from behavior of the individual simple components. Key to the development of system-level or emergent properties is the number and type of interconnections between the simple components of the system. Although the number of interconnections in a system increases combinatorially with the number of components, simply having a large number of interconnections is not enough by itself to guarantee emergent behavior. The topology of the interconnections is also critical. Therefore, chemical networks that exhibit significant degrees of mutually catalytic relationships between their components, increasing the level of feedback within the system, are more likely to develop system-level properties than a large collection of weakly interacting compounds.
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78649817971
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For some recent examples, see
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For some recent examples, see
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78649847442
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Although strong product duplexes are a hindrance in the case of small-molecule replicators, it is unlikely that duplex dissociation will ever be rate limiting. Therefore, aggressive optimization of the acceleration of the covalent-bond-forming step, which is rate limiting, is of utmost importance
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Although strong product duplexes are a hindrance in the case of small-molecule replicators, it is unlikely that duplex dissociation will ever be rate limiting. Therefore, aggressive optimization of the acceleration of the covalent-bond-forming step, which is rate limiting, is of utmost importance.
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78649837841
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3 was determined to be 14a ppm by using Karl Fischer titration. For this study, we considered aldehyde 26 and imine template 27 both to crystallize with one molecule of water
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3 was determined to be 14a ppm by using Karl Fischer titration. For this study, we considered aldehyde 26 and imine template 27 both to crystallize with one molecule of water.
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78649831399
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4-Bromophenylacetic acid (1a equiv) was added to the control reaction between 25 and 28 to ensure that the acid concentration was the same as in reactions involving aldehyde 26
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4-Bromophenylacetic acid (1a equiv) was added to the control reaction between 25 and 28 to ensure that the acid concentration was the same as in reactions involving aldehyde 26.
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78649821115
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The concentration of new imine 27 formed is simply the total concentration of 27 at a given time point less the initial concentration of 27 at t=0
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The concentration of new imine 27 formed is simply the total concentration of 27 at a given time point less the initial concentration of 27 at t=0.
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The irreversible process could also be a highly cooperative and, hence, nonlinear one, such as crystallization; for examples of systems that may operate in this manner, see
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The irreversible process could also be a highly cooperative and, hence, nonlinear one, such as crystallization; for examples of systems that may operate in this manner, see:, J. M. A. Carnall, C. A. Waudby, A. M. Belenguer, M. C. A. Stuart, J. J. P. Peyralans, S. Otto, Science 2010, 327, 1502.
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