Anaemia, iron, transfusion and therapeutic alternatives. A review from a surgical perspective;Anemia, hierro, transfusión y alternativas terapéuticas. Revisión desde una perspectiva quirúrgica

Cirugia Espanola

Volumn 88, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 358-368

  Madrazo González, Zoilo ^a   García Barrasa, Arantxa ^a   Rafecas Renau, Antoni ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI DE BELLVITGE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Anemia; Iron; Transfusion

Indexed keywords

IRON;

ANEMIA; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; ERYTHROPOIESIS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; SHORT SURVEY; SURGERY;

ANEMIA; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; ERYTHROPOIESIS; HUMANS; IRON; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE;

EID: 78649694967     PISSN: 0009739X     EISSN: 1578147X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2010.03.014     Document Type: Short Survey

References (185)

1. Bisbe E., Rodríguez C., Ruiz A., Sáez M., Castillo J., Santiveri X. Uso preoperatorio de hierro endovenoso. Una nueva terapéutica en medicina transfusional. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2005, 52:536-540.
2. Gasche C., Berstad A., Befrits R., Beglinger C., Dignass A., Erichsen K., et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007, 13:1545-1553.
3. Gaskell H., Derry S., Andrew Moore R., McQuay H.J. Prevalence of anaemia in older persons: systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2008, 8:1.
4. Patel K.V. Epidemiology of anemia in older adults. Semin Hematol 2008, 45:210-217.
5. Dong X., Mendes de Leon C., Artz A., Tang Y., Shah R., Evans D. A population-based study of hemoglobin, race, and mortality in elderly persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008, 63:873-878.
6. Landi F., Russo A., Danese P., Liperoti R., Barillaro C., Bernabei R., et al. Anemia status, hemoglobin concentration, and mortality in nursing home older residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2007, 8:322-327.
7. Muñoz M., Leal-Noval S.R., García-Erce J.A., Naveira E. Prevalencia y tratamiento de la anemia en el paciente crítico. Med Intensiva 2007, 31:388-398.
8. Theusinger O.M., Leyvraz P.F., Schanz U., Seifert B., Spahn D.R. Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in orthopedic surgery with intravenous iron: efficacy and limits: a prospective study. Anesthesiology 2007, 107:923-927.
9. Agarwal N., Prchal J.T. Erythropoietic agents and the elderly. Semin Hematol 2008, 45:267-275.
10. Dharmarajan T.S., Pankratov A., Morris E., Qurashi S., Law G., Phillips S., et al. Anemia: its impact on hospitalizations and length of hospital stay in nursing home and community older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2008, 9:354-359.
11. Penninx B.W., Cohen H.J., Woodman R.C. Anemia and cancer in older persons. J Support Oncol 2007, 5:107-113.
12. Kobune M., Kato J., Niitsu Y. Anemia in patients with cancer. Nippon Rinsho 2008, 66:524-529.
13. Kulnigg S., Stoinov S., Simanenkov V., Dudar L.V., Karnafel W., Garcia L.C., et al. A novel intravenous iron formulation for treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: the ferric carboxymaltose (FERINJECT) randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2008, 103:1182-1192.
14. Andrews N.C. Forging a field: the golden age of iron biology. Blood 2008, 112:219-230.
15. Gasche C. Believe in iron. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003, 38:449-450.
16. Alleyne M., Horne M.K., Miller J.L. Individualized treatment for iron-deficiency anemia in adults. Am J Med 2008, 121:943-948.
17. Corwin H.L., Gettinger A., Pearl R.G., Fink M.P., Levy M.M., Abraham E., et al. The CRIT Study: Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill--current clinical practice in the United States. Crit Care Med 2004, 32:39-52.
18. Khan F.A., Shukla A.N., Joshi S.C. Anaemia and cancer treatment: a conceptual change. Singapore Med J 2008, 49:759-764.
19. Pelegrí A. Impact of erythropoietin treatment on the quality of life of oncologic patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2007, 9:645-651.
20. Schwartz R.N. Anemia in patients with cancer: incidence, causes, impact, management, and use of treatment guidelines and protocols. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007, 64(3 Suppl 2):S5-S13.
21. Guardiola E., Morschhauser F., Zambrowski J.J., Antoine E.C. Management of anaemia in patient with cancer: results of the F-ACT study (French Anaemia Cancer Treatment). Bull Cancer 2007, 94:907-914.
22. Pontón J.L., Feliu E., Modamio P., Mariño E.L., Font A., Lezcano C, et al. Estudio de la efectividad de tres esquemas de administración de factores estimuladores de la eritropoyesis en pacientes con anemia asociada a quimioterapia por una neoplasia sólida o hematológica. Med Clin (Barc) 2008, 131:447-451.
23. Chohan S.S., McArdle F., McClelland D.B., Mackenzie S.J., Walsh T.S. Red cell transfusion practice following the transfusion requirements in critical care (TRICC) study: prospective observational cohort study in a large UK intensive care unit. Vox Sang 2003, 84:211-218.
24. Corwin H.L. Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill patient: role of erythropoietin. Crit Care 2004, 8(Suppl 2):S42-S44.
25. Chant C., Wilson G., Friedrich J.O. Anemia, transfusion, and phlebotomy practices in critically ill patients with prolonged ICU length of stay: a cohort study. Crit Care 2006, 10:R140.
26. de la Morena F., Gisbert J.P. Anemia and inflammatory bowel disease. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2008, 100:285-293.
27. Beris P., Muñoz M., García-Erce J.A., Thomas D., Maniatis A., Van der Linden P. Perioperative anaemia management: consensus statement on the role of intravenous iron. Br J Anaesth 2008, 100:599-604.
28. Serrablo A., Urbieta E., Carcelén-Andrés J., Ruiz J., Rodrigo J., Izuel M., et al. Hierro por vía intravenosa en cirugía general. Cir Esp 2005, 78:195-197.
29. Den Elzen W.P., Westendorp R.G., Frölich M., de Ruijter W., Assendelft W.J., Gussekloo J. Vitamin B12 and folate and the risk of anemia in old age: the Leiden 85-Plus Study. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:2238-2244.
30. Sharp P., Srai S.K. Molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal iron absorption. World J Gastroenterol 2007, 13:4716-4724.
31. Frazer D.M., Anderson G.J. Iron imports. I. Intestinal iron absorption and its regulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2005, 289:G631-G635.
32. Harju E. Empty iron stores as a significant risk factor in abdominal surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1988, 12:282-285.
33. Mullick S., Rusia U., Sikka M., Faridi M.A. Impact of iron deficiency anaemia on T lymphocytes & their subsets in children. Indian J Med Res 2006, 124:647-654.
34. Andrews N.C. Disorders of iron metabolism. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:1986-1995.
35. Wally J., Buchanan S.K. A structural comparison of human serum transferrin and human lactoferrin. Biometals 2007, 20:249-262.
36. Ganz T. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation. Blood 2003, 102:783-788.
37. Finch C. Regulators of iron balance in humans. Blood 1994, 84:1697-1702.
38. Muñoz Gómez M., Campos Garríguez A., García Erce J.A., Ramírez Ramírez G. Fisiopatología del metabolismo del hierro: implicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Nefrologia 2005, 25:9-19.
39. Darshan D., Anderson G.J. Liver-gut axis in the regulation of iron homeostasis. World J Gastroenterol 2007, 13:4737-4745.
40. West A.R., Oates P.S. Mechanisms of heme iron absorption: current questions and controversies. World J Gastroenterol 2008, 14:4101-4110.
41. Ganz T., Nemeth E. Iron imports. IV. Hepcidin and regulation of body iron metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006, 290:G199-G203.
42. Macedo M.F., de Sousa M. Transferrin and the transferrin receptor: of magic bullets and other concerns. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 2008, 7:41-52.
43. Nemeth E. Iron regulation and erythropoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2008, 15:169-175.
44. Ganz T. Hepcidin and its role in regulating systemic iron metabolism. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006, 29-35.
45. Alonso J.J., Cánovas A., de la Prieta R., Pereira T., Ruiz C., Aguirre C. Conceptos generales sobre el metabolismo del hierro. Gac Med Bilbao 2002, 99:33-37.
46. Wish J.B. Assessing iron status: beyond serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 1:S4-S8.
47. Ternes N., Scheiber-Mojdehkar B., Landgraf G., Goldenberg H., Sturm B. Iron availability and complex stability of iron hydroxyethyl starch and iron dextran a comparative in vitro study with liver cells and macrophages. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007, 22:2824-2830.
48. Aronoff G.R. Safety of intravenous iron in clinical practice: implications for anemia management protocols. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004, 15(Suppl 2):S99-S106.
49. Piagnerelli M., Rapotec A., Cotton F., Vincent J.L. Iron administration in the critically ill. Semin Hematol 2006, 43(suppl 6):S23-S27.
50. Mena N.P., Esparza A., Tapia V., Valdés P., Núñez M.T. Hepcidin inhibits apical iron uptake in intestinal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008, 294:G192-G198.
51. Hoppe M., Lönnerdal B., Hossain B., Olsson S., Nilsson F., Lundberg P.A., et al. Hepcidin, interleukin-6 and hematological iron markers in males before and after heart surgery. J Nutr Biochem 2009, 20:11-16.
52. Nemeth E., Rivera S., Gabayan V., Keller C., Taudorf S., Pedersen B.K., et al. IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. J Clin Invest 2004, 113:1271-1276.
53. Canonne-Hergaux F., Donovan A., Delaby C., Wang H.J., Gros P. Comparative studies of duodenal and macrophage ferroportin proteins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006, 290:G156-G163.
54. Yamaji S., Sharp P., Ramesh B., Srai S.K. Inhibition of iron transport across human intestinal epithelial cells by hepcidin. Blood 2004, 104:2178-2180.
55. Chaston T., Chung B., Mascarenhas M., Marks J., Patel B., Srai S.K., et al. Evidence for differential effects of hepcidin in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Gut 2008, 57:374-382.
56. Auerbach M., Coyne D., Ballard H. Intravenous iron: from anathema to standard of care. Am J Hematol 2008, 83:580-588.
57. Skikne B.S. Serum transferring receptor. Am J Hematol 2008, 83:872-875.
58. Zarychanski R., Houston D.S. Anemia of chronic disease: a harmful disorder or an adaptive, beneficial response?. CMAJ 2008, 179:333-337.
59. Weiss G., Goodnough L.T. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:1011-1023.
60. Tacchini L., Gammella E., De Ponti C., Recalcati S., Cairo G. Role of HIF-1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors in the modulation of transferrin receptor by inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. J Biol Chem 2008, 283:20674-20686.
61. Henry D.H. The role of intravenous iron in cancer-related anemia. Oncology (Williston Park) 2006, 20(8 Suppl 6):21-24.
62. Cuenca J., García-Erce J.A., Muñoz M., Izuel M., Martínez A.A., Herrera A. Patients with pertrochanteric hip fracture may benefit from preoperative intravenous iron therapy: a pilot study. Transfusion 2004, 44:1447-1452.
63. Beris P., Maniatis A. Role of intravenous iron therapy in anemia management: state of the art. Semin Hematol 2006, 43(4 suppl 6):S1-S2.
64. Muñoz M., Campos A., García-Erce J.A. Intravenous iron in colorrectal cancer surgery. Semin Hematol 2006, 43(suppl 6):S36-S38.
65. Miki C., Hiro J., Ojima E., Inoue Y., Mohri Y., Kusunoki M. Perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion, the related cytokine response and long-term survival after potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2006, 18(1):60-66.
66. Shander A., Knight K., Thurer R., Adamson J., Spence R. Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in surgery: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 2004, 116(Suppl 7A):58S-69.
67. Chang S.S., Smith J.A., Wells N., Peterson M., Kovach B., Cookson M.S. Estimated blood loss and transfusion requirements of radical cystectomy. J Urol 2001, 166:2151-2154.
68. Padullés N., Sala F., Mendarte L., Monterde J. Fisiopatología del hierro. Criterios de indicación de hierro parenteral, disponibilidad y pautas de administración. Revisión de la situación actual. Pharmaceutical Care España 2006, 8:199-252.
69. Harju E. Metabolic problems after gastric surgery. Int Surg 1990, 75:27-35.
70. Van Iperen C.E., Kraaijenhagen R.J., Biesma D.H., Beguin Y., Marx J.J., van de Wiel A. Iron metabolism and erythropoiesis after surgery. Br J Surg 1998, 85:41-45.
71. Biesma D.H., Van de Wiel A., Beguin Y., Kraaijenhagen R.J., Marx J.J. Post-operative erythropoiesis is limited by the inflammatory effect of surgery on iron metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest 1995, 25:383-389.
72. Wallis J.P., Wells A.W., Whitehead S., Brewster N. Recovery from post-operative anaemia. Transfus Med 2005, 15:413-418.
73. Solis J.V., Portero J.L., Diaz J., Garcia R., Ligero J.M., Vazquez E., et al. Iron deficiency in the acute-phase reaction after open aortic surgery. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2006, 40:392-398.
74. Karkouti K., McCluskey S.A., Ghannam M., Salpeter M.J., Quirt I., Yau T.M. Intravenous iron and recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of postoperative anemia. Can J Anaesth 2006, 53:11-19.
75. Dunne J.R., Malone D., Tracy J.K., Gannon C., Napolitano L.M. Perioperative anemia: an independent risk factor for infection, mortality, and resource utilization in surgery. J Surg Res 2002, 102:237-244.
76. Aldemir M., Ozen S., Kara I.H., Sir A., Baç B. Predisposing factors for delirium in the surgical intensive care unit. Crit Care 2001, 5:265-270.
77. Sagesaka T., Juen H., Kaibara M. Anemia as a risk factor of hemorrhagic tendency during surgery. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2000, 26:103-109.
78. Horzic M., Kopljar M. Postoperative infections in colorectal cancer patients. Hepatogastroenterology 2005, 52:101-104.
79. Rodríguez-Hermosa J.I., Codina-Cazador A., Ruiz B., Roig J., Gironès J., Pujadas M., et al. Risk factors for acute abdominal wall dehiscence after laparotomy in adults. Cir Esp 2005, 77:280-286.
80. Höer J., Lawong G., Klinge U., Schumpelick V. Factors influencing the development of incisional hernia. A retrospective study of 2,983 laparotomy patients over a period of 10 years. Chirurg 2002, 73:474-480.
81. Malone D.L., Genuit T., Tracy J.K., Gannon C., Napolitano L.M. Surgical site infections: reanalysis of risk factors. J Surg Res 2002, 103:89-95.
82. Mäkelä J.T., Kiviniemi H., Juvonen T., Laitinen S. Factors influencing wound dehiscence after midline laparotomy. Am J Surg 1995, 170:387-390.
83. Schmidtler F., Schildberg F.W., Schramm W., Gleisner C. The pathogenesis of postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence. Part I: Clinical investigations to determine patient groups at risk (author's transl)]. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1977, 119:685-689.
84. Velanovich V. Innovative use of quality-of-life data: correlating physiologic parameters with patient-centered symptoms-- the example of anemia on the vitality of surgical oncology patients. Surg Innov 2008, 15:47-51.
85. Dunkelgrun M., Hoeks S.E., Welten G.M., Vidakovic R., Winkel T.A., Schouten O., et al. Anemia as an independent predictor of perioperative and long-term cardiovascular outcome in patients scheduled for elective vascular surgery. Am J Cardiol 2008, 101:1196-1200.
86. Dietl B., Marienhagen J., Schäfer C., Kölbl O. The prognostic value of anaemia at different treatment times in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007, 19:228-233.
87. Muñoz M., Breymann C., García-Erce J.A., Gómez-Ramírez S., Comin J., Bisbe E. Efficacy and safety of intravenous iron therapy as an alternative/adjunct to allogeneic blood transfusion. Vox Sang 2008, 94:172-183.
88. Cuenca J., García-Erce J.A., Martínez A.A., Solano V.M., Molina J., Muñoz M. Role of parenteral iron in the management of anaemia in the elderly patient undergoing displaced subcapital hip fracture repair: preliminary data. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2005, 125:342-347.
89. Muñoz M., Llau J.V., Leal S.R., García-Erce J.A., Culebras J.M. Transfusión sanguínea perioperatoria en el paciente neoplásico (II). Alternativas para la reducción de los riesgos transfusionales. Cir Esp 2002, 72:337-348.
90. Heras P., Kritikos K., Hatzopoulos A., Mitsibounas D. Once-weekly epoetin beta therapy in patients with solid tumours and chemotherapy-induced anaemia: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2008, 17:619-623.
91. Griniatsos J., Papaconstantinou I., Felekouras E., Michail P.O., Bakoyiannis C., Bramis J. The significance of perioperative anemia in patients with resectable gastrointestinal tract tumors. J BUON 2004, 9:247-253.
92. Christodoulakis M., Tsiftsis D.D. Preoperative epoetin alfa in colorectal surgery: a randomized, controlled study. Ann Surg Oncol 2005, 12:718-725. Hellenic Surgical Oncology Perioperative EPO Study Group.
93. Kim J., Konyalian V., Huynh R., Mittal R., Stamos M., Kumar R. Identification of predictive factors for perioperative blood transfusion in colorectal resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007, 22:1493-1497.
94. Papini-Berto S.J., Burini R.C. Causes of malnutrition in post-gastrectomy patient. Arq Gastroenterol 2001, 38:272-275.
95. Delgado M., Gómez C., Cos A.I., Iglesias C., Fernández M.V., Castillo R., et al. Evaluación nutricional en pacientes con gastrectomía total. Nutr Hosp 2002, 17:236-239.
96. Mimura E.C., Breganó J.W., Dichi J.B., Gregório E.P., Dichi I. Comparison of ferrous sulfate and ferrous glycinate chelate for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in gastrectomized patients. Nutrition 2008, 24:663-668.
97. Beyan C., Beyan E., Kaptan K., Ifran A., Uzar A.I. Post-gastrectomy anemia: evaluation of 72 cases with post-gastrectomy anemia. Hematology 2007, 12:81-84.
98. Calpena R., Bellot L., Pérez-Vázquez M.T., Compañ A., Del Fresno J., Serrano P., et al. Metabolic disorders in the gastrectomized patient. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1990, 78:278-282.
99. Adachi S., Kawamoto T., Otsuka M., Todoroki T., Fukao K. Enteral vitamin B12 supplements reverse postgastrectomy B12 deficiency. Ann Surg 2000, 232:199-201.
100. Javier M., Loarte A., Pilco P. Evaluación nutricional en pacientes con gastrectomía total y parcial por adenocarcinoma gástrico. Rev Gastroenterol Perú 2008, 28:239-243.
101. Hahn J.S., Nam D.K., Lee E.J., Lee S.J., Ko Y.W., Sunwoo I.N., et al. A case of vitamin B12 deficiency megaloblastic anemia following total gastrectomy. Yonsei Med J 1988, 29:270-277.
102. Muñoz M., Ruiz M.J., García S., García J., Campos A., Ramírez G. Prevalencia de anemia y deficiencias de hematínicos en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en un hospital universitario. Anemia (Anemia Working Group Iberoamérica) 2008, 1:14-21.
103. Love A.L., Billett H.H. Obesity, bariatric surgery and iron deficiency: true, true, true and related. Am J Hematol 2008, 83:403-409.
104. Brolin R.E., Gorman J.H., Gorman R.C., Petschenik A.J., Bradley L.B., Kenler H.A., et al. Prophylactic iron supplementation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study. Arch Surg 1998, 133:740-744.
105. Alvarez-Leite J.I. Nutrient deficiencies secondary to bariatric surgery. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2004, 7:569-575.
106. Ocón J., Pérez S., Gimeno S., Benito P., García R. Effectiveness and complications of bariatric surgery in the treatment of morbid obesity. Nutr Hosp 2005, 20:409-414.
107. Varma S., Baz W., Badine E., Nakhl F., McMullen H., Nicastro J., et al. Need for parenteral iron therapy after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2008, 4:715-719.
108. Marinella M.A. Anemia following Roux-en-Y surgery for morbid obesity: a review. South Med J 2008, 101:1024-1031.
109. Sitges-Serra A., Insenser J.J., Membrilla E. Blood transfusions and postoperative infections in patients undergoing elective surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2006, 7(suppl 2):S33-S35.
110. Bates I., Chapotera G.K., McKew S., van den Broek N. Maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: the contribution of ineffective blood transfusion services. BJOG 2008, 115:1331-1339.
111. Rovera F., Dionigi G., Boni L., Imperatori A., Tabacchi A., Carcano G., et al. Postoperative infections after oesophageal resections: the role of blood transfusions. World J Surg Oncol 2006, 4:80.
112. Edna T.H., Bjerkeset T. Perioperative blood transfusions reduce long-term survival following surgery for colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1998, 41:451-459.
113. Mynster T., Christensen I.J., Moesgaard F., Nielsen H.J. Effects of the combination of blood transfusion and postoperative infectious complications on prognosis after surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2000, 87(11):1553-1562. Danish RANX05 Colorectal Cancer Study Group.
114. Heiss M.M., Mempel W., Delanoff C., Jauch K.W., Gabka C., Mempel M., et al. Blood transfusion-modulated tumor recurrence: first results of a randomized study of autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion in colorectal cancer surgery. J Clin Oncol 1994, 12:1859-1867.
115. Busch O.R., Hop W.C., Hoynck van Papendrecht M.A., Marquet R.L., Jeekel J. Blood transfusions and prognosis in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:1372-1376.
116. Griniatsos J., Papaconstantinou I., Felekouras E., Michail P.O., Bakoyiannis C., Bramis J. The significance of perioperative anemia in patients with respectable gastrointestinal tract tumors. J BUON 2004, 9:247-253.
117. Jagoditsch M., Pozgainer P., Klingler A., Tschmelitsch J. Impact of blood transfusions on recurrence and survival after rectal cancer surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2006, 49:1116-1130.
118. Spahn D.R., Casutt M. Eliminating blood transfusions: new aspects and perspectives. Anesthesiology 2000, 93:242-255.
119. Leal R., Alberca I., Asuero M.S., Bóveda J.L., Carpio N., Contreras E., et al. Documento "Sevilla" de consenso sobre alternativas a la transfusión de sangre alogénica. Med Clin (Barc) 2006, 127(Supl.1):3-20.
120. Jahr J.S., Walker V., Manoochehri K. Blood substitutes as pharmacotherapies in clinical practice. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007, 20:325-330.
121. Weber R.S., Jabbour N., Martin 2nd R.C. Anemia and transfusions in patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15:34-45.
122. Madjdpour C., Heindl V., Spahn D.R. Risks, benefits, alternatives and indications of allogenic blood transfusions. Minerva Anestesiol 2006, 72:283-298.
123. Strumper-Groves D. Perioperative blood transfusion and outcome. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006, 19:198-206.
124. Goodnough L.T., Shander A., Spence R. Bloodless medicine: clinical care without allogeneic blood transfusion. Transfusion 2003, 43:668-676.
125. Shander A. Surgery without blood. Crit Care Med 2003, 31(12, suppl):S708-S714.
126. Goodnough L.T., Brecher M.E., Kanter M.H., AuBuchon J.P. Transfusion medicine. First of two parts--blood transfusion. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:438-447.
127. Goodnough L.T., Brecher M.E., Kanter M.H., AuBuchon J.P. Transfusion medicine. Second of two parts--blood conservation. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:525-533.
128. Hébert P.C., Wells G., Blajchman M.A., Marshall J., Martin C., Pagliarello G., et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:409-417. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
129. Corwin H.L., Carson J.L. Blood transfusion-When is more really less?. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:1667-1669.
130. Napolitano L.M. Current status of blood component therapy in surgical critical care. Curr Opin Crit Care 2004, 10:311-317.
131. Gilbert W.B., Smith J.A. Blood use strategies in urologic surgery. Urology 2000, 55:461-467.
132. Braga M., Gianotti L., Gentilini O., Vignali A., Di Carlo V. Erythropoietic response induced by recombinant human erythropoietin in anemic cancer patients candidate to major abdominal surgery. Hepatogastroenterology 1997, 44:685-690.
133. Weber E.W., Slappendel R., Hémon Y., Mähler S., Dalén T., Rouwet E., et al. Effects of epoetin alfa on blood transfusions and postoperative recovery in orthopaedic surgery: the European Epoetin Alfa Surgery Trial (EEST). Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005, 22:249-257.
134. Santoro J.E., Eastlack R.K., Mirocha J.M., Bugbee W.D. Impact of erythropoietin on allogenic blood exposure in orthopedic surgery. Am J Orthop 2007, 36:600-604.
135. Kosmadakis N., Messaris E., Maris A., Katsaragakis S., Leandros E., Konstadoulakis M.M., et al. Perioperative erythropoietin administration in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer: prospective randomized double-blind study. Ann Surg 2003, 237:417-421.
136. Feagan B.G., Wong C.J., Kirkley A., Johnston D.W., Smith F.C., Whitsitt P., et al. Erythropoietin with iron supplementation to prevent allogeneic blood transfusion in total hip joint arthroplasty. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:845-854.
137. Braga M., Gianotti L., Vignali A., Gentilini O., Servida P., Bordignon C., et al. Evaluation of recombinant human erythropoietin to facilitate autologous blood donation before surgery in anaemic patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Br J Surg 1995, 82:1637-1640.
138. Braga M., Gianotti L., Gentilini O., Vignali A., Corizia L., Di Carlo V. Erythropoiesis after therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin: a dose-response study in anemic cancer surgery patients. Vox Sang 1999, 76:38-42.
139. Qvist N., Boesby S., Wolff B., Hansen C.P. Recombinant human erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentration at operation and during the postoperative period: reduced need for blood transfusions in patients undergoing colorectal surgery--prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study. World J Surg 1999, 23:30-35.
140. Levine E.A., Laborde C., Hambrick E., McKnight C.A., Vijayakumar S. Influence of erythropoietin on transfusion requirements in patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1999, 42:1065-1069.
141. Rosenblum N., Levine M.A., Handler T., Lepor H. The role of preoperative epoetin alfa in men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. J Urol 2000, 163:829-833.
142. Gall R.M., Kerr P.D. Use of preoperative erythropoietin in head and neck surgery. J Otolaryngol 2000, 29:131-134.
143. Tsuji Y., Kambayashi J., Shiba E., Sakon M., Kawasaki T., Mori T. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on anaemia after gastrectomy: a pilot study. Eur J Surg 1995, 161:29-33.
144. Gargano G., Polignano G., De Lena M., Brandi M., Lorusso V., Fanizza G. The utility of a growth factor: r-HuEPO as a treatment for preoperative autologous blood donation in gynecological tumor surgery. Int J Oncol 1999, 14:157-160.
145. Shinozuka N., Koyama I., Arai T., Numajiri Y., Watanabe T., et al. Autologous blood transfusion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy. Am J Surg 2000, 179:42-45.
146. Nakai S., Yoshizawa H., Kobayashi S., Naga K., Ichinose H. Role of autologous blood transfusion in sacral tumor resection: patient selection and recovery after surgery and blood donation. J Orthop Sci 2000, 5:321-327.
147. Michaeli B., Ravussin P., Chassot P.G. Autologous blood pre-donation and perioperative use of erythropoietin. Rev Med Suisse 2006, 2:2662-2664.
148. Baron J.F. Autologous blood donation with recombinant human erythropoietin in cardiac surgery: the Japanese experience. Semin Hematol 1996, 33(2 suppl 2):64-67.
149. Tryba M. Epoetin alfa plus autologous blood donation and normovolemic hemodilution in patients scheduled for orthopedic or vascular surgery. Semin Hematol 1996, 33(2 suppl 2):34-36.
150. Konishi T., Kaneko T., Ohbayashi T., Ohki T., Watanabe Y., Fuse K. Effectiveness of erythropoietin for cardiovascular surgery to prevent homologous blood transfusions. Nippon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1993, 41(2):187-192.
151. Okuyama M., Ikeda K., Shibata T., Tsukahara Y., Kitada M., Shimano T. Preoperative iron supplementation and intraoperative transfusion during colorectal cancer surgery. Surg Today 2005, 35:36-40.
152. Van Wyck D.B., Martens M.G., Seid M.H., Baker J.B., Mangione A. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose compared with oral iron in the treatment of postpartum anemia: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2007, 110(2 Pt 1):267-278.
153. Breymann C., Gliga F., Bejenariu C., Strizhova N. Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008, 101:67-73.
154. Perewusnyk G., Huch R., Huch A., Breymann C. Parenteral iron therapy in obstetrics: 8 years experience with iron-sucrose complex. Br J Nutr 2002, 88:3-10.
155. Gasche C., Dejaco C., Waldhoer T., Tillinger W., Reinisch W., Fueger G.F., et al. Intravenous iron and erythropoietin for anemia associated with Crohn disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1997, 126:782-787.
156. Muñoz M., Naveira E., Seara J., Palmer J.H., Cuenca J., García-Erce J.A. Role of parenteral iron in transfusion requirements after total hip replacement. A pilot study. Transfus Med 2006, 16(2):137-142.
157. Gredilla E., Gimeno M., Canser E., Martínez B., Pérez F.A., Gilsanz F. Postpartum and early postoperative anemia after gynecological surgery: treatment with intravenous iron. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2006, 53:208-213.
158. Cuenca J., García-Erce J.A., Martínez F., Pérez-Serrano L., Herrera A., Muñoz M. Perioperative intravenous iron, with or without erythropoietin, plus restrictive transfusion protocol reduce the need for allogeneic blood after knee replacement surgery. Transfusion 2006, 46:1112-1119.
159. ® in total hip replacement surgery: a prospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008, 128:1031-1038.
160. Carless P., Moxey A., O'Connell D., Henry D. Autologous transfusion techniques: a systematic review of their efficacy. Transfus Med 2004, 14:123-144.
161. Chen G., Zhang F.J., Gong M., Yan M. Effect of perioperative autologous versus allogeneic blood transfusion on the immune system in gastric cancer patients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007, 8:560-565.
162. Takemura M., Osugi H., Higashino M., Takada N., Lee S., Kinoshita H. Effect of substituting allogenic blood transfusion with autologous blood transfusion on outcomes after radical oesophagectomy for cancer. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005, 11:293-300.
163. Mercer K.G., Spark J.I., Berridge D.C., Kent P.J., Scott D.J. Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative autotransfusion in surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2004, 91:1443-1448.
164. Kinoshita Y., Udagawa H., Tsutsumi K., Ueno M., Nakamura T., Akiyama H., et al. Usefulness of autologous blood transfusion for avoiding allogenic transfusion and infectious complications after esophageal cancer resection. Surgery 2000, 127:185-192.
165. Komai H., Naito Y., Iwasaki Y., Iwahashi M., Fujiwara K., Noguchi Y. Autologous blood donation with recombinant human erythropoietin for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Surg Today 2000, 30:511-515.
166. Tinmouth A.T., McIntyre L.A., Fowler R.A. Blood conservation strategies to reduce the need for red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients. CMAJ 2008, 178:49-57.
167. Perkins J.G., Cap A.P., Weiss B.M., Reid T.J., Bolan C.E. Massive transfusion and nonsurgical hemostatic agents. Crit Care Med 2008, 36(suppl):S325-S339.
168. Mannucci P.M., Levi M. Prevention and treatment of major blood loss. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:2301-2311.
169. Mahdy A.M., Webster N.R. Perioperative systemic haemostatic agents. Br J Anaesth 2004, 93:842-858.
170. Lentschener C., Benhamou D., Mercier F.J., Boyer-Neumann C., Naveau S., Smadja C., et al. Aprotinin reduces blood loss in patients undergoing elective liver resection. Anesth Analg 1997, 84:875-881.
171. Páramo J.A., Lecumberri R., Hernández M., Rocha E. Alternativas farmacológicas a la transfusión sanguínea. ¿Qué hay de nuevo?. Med Clin (Barc) 2004, 122:231-236.
172. Cushner F.D. Transfusion avoidance in orthopedic surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004, 18(4 Suppl):29S-30S.
173. Fergusson D.A., Hébert P.C., Mazer C.D., Fremes S., MacAdams C., Murkin J.M., et al. A comparison of aprotinin and lysine analogues in high-risk cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:2319-2331.
174. Fraser I.S., Porte R.J., Kouides P.A., Lukes A.S. A benefit-risk review of systemic haemostatic agents: part 1: in mayor surgery. Drug Saf 2008, 31:217-230.
175. Oka K., Tsuda H., Kamikaseda K., Nakamura R., Fukui M., Nouzuka Y., et al. Meningiomas and hemorrhagic diathesis. J Neurosurg 1988, 69:356-360.
176. Martin-Hirsch P.L., Kitchener H. Interventions for preventing blood loss during the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000, CD001421.
177. Oertli D., Laffer U., Haberthuer F., Kreuter U., Harder F. Perioperative and postoperative tranexamic acid reduces the local wound complication rate after surgery for breast cancer. Br J Surg 1994, 81:856-859.
178. Everts P.A., Knape J.T., Weibrich G., Schönberger J.P., Hoffmann J., Overdevest E.P., et al. Platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel: a review. J Extra Corpor Technol 2006, 38:174-187.
179. Spahn D.R., Kocian R. Artificial O2 carriers: status in 2005. Curr Pharm Des 2005, 11:4099-4114.
180. Remy B., Deby-Dupont G., Lamy M. Red blood cell substitutes: fluorocarbon emulsions and haemoglobin solutions. Br Med Bull 1999, 55:277-298.
181. Spahn D.R., Waschke K.F., Standl T., Motsch J., Van Huynegem L., Welte M., et al. Use of perflubron emulsion to decrease allogeneic blood transfusion in high-blood-loss non-cardiac surgery: results of a European phase 3 study. Anesthesiology 2002, 97:1338-1349.
182. Natanson C., Kern S.J., Lurie P., Banks S.M., Wolfe S.M. Cell-free hemoglobin-based blood substitutes and risk of myocardial infarction and death: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2008, 299:2304-2312.
183. Jahr J.S., Mackenzie C., Pearce L.B., Pitman A., Greenburg A.G. HBOC-201 as an alternative to blood transfusion: efficacy and safety evaluation in a multicenter phase III trial in elective orthopedic surgery. J Trauma 2008, 64:1484-1497.
184. Levy J.H., Goodnough L.T., Greilich P.E., Parr G.V., Stewart R.W., Gratz I., et al. Polymerized bovine hemoglobin solution as a replacement for allogeneic red blood cell transfusion after cardiac surgery: results of a randomized, double-blind trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002, 124:35-42.
185. Jahr J.S., Moallempour M., Lim J.C. HBOC-201, hemoglobin glutamer-250 (bovine), Hemopure (Biopure Corporation). Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008, 8:1425-1433.