Do we need to rethink guidance on repeated interviews?

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 373-392

  La Rooy, David ^a   Katz, Carmit ^b   Malloy, Lindsay C ^b   Lamb, Michael E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERTAY DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Child abuse; Reminiscence; Repeated interviews

Indexed keywords

EID: 78549239210     PISSN: 10768971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0019909     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Ackil J., Van Abbema D., Bauer P. After the storm: Enduring differences in mother-child recollections of traumatic and nontraumatic events. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2003, 84:286-309.
2. Baker-Ward L., Hess T.M., Flannagan D.A. The effects of involvement on children's memory for events. Cognitive Development 1990, 5:55-69.
3. Berliner L., Conte J.R. Sexual abuse evaluations: Conceptual and empirical obstacles. Child Abuse & Neglect 1993, 17:111-125.
4. Bluck S., Levine L.J., Laulhere T.M. Autobiographical remembering and hypermnesia: A comparison of older and younger adults. Psychology and Aging 1999, 14:671-682.
5. Bornstien B.H., Liebel L.M., Scarberry N.C. Repeated testing in eyewitness memory: A means to improve recall of a negative emotional event. Applied Cognitive Psychology 1998, 12:119-131.
6. Brainerd C.J., Ornstein P.A. Children's memory for witnessed events: The developmental backdrop. The suggestibility of children's recollections: Implications for eyewitness testimony 1991, 10-23. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. J. Doris (Ed.).
7. Brainerd C.J., Reyna V.F. The science of false memory 2005, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
8. Brainerd C.J., Reyna V.F., Howe M.L., Kingma J. The development of forgetting and reminiscence. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1990, 55(Serial No. 222).
9. Bruck M., Ceci S. Forensic developmental psychology: Unveiling four common misconceptions. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2004, 13:229-232.
10. Bruck M., Ceci S.J., Hembrooke H. The nature of children's true and false narratives. Developmental Review 2002, 22:520-554.
11. Burgwyn-Bailes E., Baker-Ward L., Gordon B.N., Ornstein P.A. Children's memory for emergency medical treatment after one year: The impact of individual difference variables on recall and suggestibility. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2001, 15:S25-S48.
12. Carnes C.N., Nelson-Gardell D., Wilson C., Orgassa U.C. Extended forensic evaluation when sexual abuse is suspected: A multisite field study. Child Maltreatment 2001, 6:230-242.
13. Carnes C.N., Wilson C., Nelson-Gardell D. Extended forensic evaluation when sexual abuse is suspected: A model and preliminary data. Child Maltreatment 1999, 4:242-254.
14. Ceci S.J., Bruck M. Suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin 1993, 113:403-439.
15. Ceci S.J., Huffman M.L.C., Smith E., Loftus E.F. Repeatedly thinking about a non-event: Source misattributions among preschoolers. Consciousness and Cognition 1994, 3:388-407.
16. Ceci S.J., Kulkofsky S., Klemfuss J.Z., Sweeney C.D., Bruck M. Unwarranted assumptions about children's testimonial accuracy. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2007, 3:311-328.
17. Ceci S.J., Loftus E.F., Leichtman M.D., Bruck M. The possible role of source misattributions in the creation of false beliefs among preschoolers. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 1994, 42:304-320.
18. Commonwealth v. Baran, 905 N. E. 2d 1122 (Mass. Ct. App. 2009).
19. Cordon I.M., Pipe M.-E., Sayfan L., Melinder A., Goodman G.S. Memory for traumatic experiences in early childhood. Developmental Review 2004, 24:101-132.
20. Achieving best evidence in criminal proceedings: Guidance on interviewing victims and witnesses, and using special measures 2007, Criminal Justice System, Author, London.
21. Dale P.S., Loftus E.F., Rathbun L. The influence of the form of the question on the eyewitness testimony of preschool children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 1978, 7:269-277.
22. Dent H.R. An experimental study of the effectiveness of different techniques of questioning mentally handicapped child witnesses. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 1986, 25:13-17.
23. Dent H.R., Stephenson G.M. An experimental study of the effectiveness of different techniques of questioning child witnesses. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1979, 18:41-51.
24. Dunning D., Stern L.B. Examining the generality of eyewitness hypermnesia: A close look at time delay and question type. Applied Cognitive Psychology 1992, 6:643-657.
25. Erdelyi M.H. The recovery of unconscious memories: Hypermnesia and reminiscence 1996, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
26. Erdelyi M.H., Becker J. Hypermnesia for pictures: Incremental memory for pictures but not words in multiple recall trials. Cognitive Psychology 1974, 6:159-171.
27. Fivush R., Hamond N.R., Harsch N. Content and consistency in young children's autobiographical recall. Discourse Processes 1991, 14:373-388.
28. Fivush R., McDermott Sales J., Goldberg A., Bahrick L., Parker J. Weathering the storm: Children's long-term recall of Hurricane Andrew. Memory 2004, 12:104-118.
29. Fivush R., Schwarzmueller A. Say it once again: Effects of repeated questions on children's event recall. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1995, 8:555-580.
30. Fivush R., Shukat J. What young children recall: Issues of content, consistency and coherence of early autobiographical recall. Memory and testimony in the child witness 1995, 5-23. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. M.S. Zaragoza, J.R. Graham, G.C.N. Hall, R. Hirchman, Y.S. Ben-Porath (Eds.).
31. Ghetti S., Goodman G.S., Eisen M.L., Qin J., Davis S.L. Consistency in children's reports of sexual and physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect 2002, 26:977-995.
32. Gilbert J.A.E., Fisher R.P. The effects of varied retrieval cues on reminiscence in eyewitness memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2006, 20:723-739.
33. Gobbo C. Assessing the effects of misinformation on children's recall: How and when makes a difference. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2000, 14:163-182.
34. Goodman G.S., Bottoms B.L., Schwartz-Kenney B.M., Rudy L. Children's testimony about a stressful event: Improving children's reports. Journal of Narrative and Life History 1991, 1:69-99.
35. Goodman G.S., Hirschman J.E., Hepps D., Rudy L. Children's memory for stressful events. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 1991, 37:109-158.
36. Goodman G.S., Quas J.A. Repeated interviews and children's memory: It's more than just how many. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2008, 17:386-390.
37. Goodman G.S., Taub E.P., Jones D.P.H., England P., Port L.K., Rudy L., Prado L. Testifying in criminal court: Emotional effects on child sexual assault victims. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1992, 57:1-142.
38. Gordon B.N., Baker-Ward L., Ornstein P.A. Children's testimony: A review of research on memory for past experiences. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 2001, 4:157-181.
39. Gordon B., Follmer A. Developmental issues in judging the credibility of children's testimony. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 1994, 23:283-294.
40. Hammond N.R., Fivush R. Memories of Mickey Mouse-Young children recount their trip to Disneyworld. Cognitive Development 1991, 6:433-448.
41. Hershkowitz I., Horowitz D., Lamb M.E. Trends in children's disclosure of abuse in Israel: A national study. Child Abuse & Neglect 2005, 29:1203-1214.
42. Hershkowitz I., Orbach Y., Lamb M.E., Sternberg K.J., Horowitz D., Hovav M. Visiting the scene of the crime: Effects on children's recall of alleged abuse. Legal and Criminological Psychology 1998, 3:195-207.
43. Hershkowitz I., Terner A. The effects of repeated interviewing on children's forensic statements of sexual abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2007, 21:1131-1143.
44. Howe M.L., Brainerd C.J. Development of children's long-term retention. Developmental Review 1989, 9:301-340.
45. Howe M.L., Kelland A., Bryant-Brown L., Clark S.L. Measuring the development of children's amnesia and hypermnesia. Development of long-term retention 1992, 56-102. Springer-Verlag, New York. M.L. Howe, C.J. Brainerd, V.F. Reyna (Eds.).
46. Hutcheson G.D., Baxter J.S., Telfer K., Warden D. Child witness statement quality: Question type and error of omission. Law and Human Behavior 1995, 19:631-648.
47. Katz C., Hershkowitz I. The effect of repeated open questions on children's accounts of sexual abuse. Law and Human Behavior 2010.
48. Kennedy v. Louisiana, U.S., 128 S. Ct. 2641, 171 L. Ed. 2d 525 (2008).
49. Lamb M.E., Fauchier A. The effects of question type on self-contradiction by children in the course of forensic interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2001, 15:1-9.
50. Lamb M.E., Hershkowitz I., Orbach Y., Esplin P.W. Tell me what happened 2008, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
51. Lamb M.E., Orbach Y., Hershkowitz I., Esplin P.W., Horowitz D. A structured forensic interview protocol improves the quality and the informativeness of investigative interviews with children: A review of research using the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol. Child Abuse & Neglect 2007, 31:1201-1231.
52. Lamb M.E., Orbach Y., Hershkowitz I., Horowitz D., Abbott C.B. Does the type of prompt affect the accuracy of information provided by alleged victims of abuse in forensic interviews?. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2007, 21:1117-1130.
53. La Rooy D., Lamb M.E., Pipe M.-E. Repeated interviewing: A critical evaluation of the risks and potential benefits. The evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations: A comprehensive guide to assessment and testimony 2009, 327-361. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. K. Kuehnle, M. Connell (Eds.).
54. La Rooy D., Pipe M.-E., Murray J.E. Reminiscence and hypermnesia in children's eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2005, 90:235-254.
55. La Rooy D., Pipe M.-E., Murray J.E. Enhancing children's event recall after long delays. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2007, 21:1-17.
56. Leichtman M.D., Ceci S.J. The effects of stereotypes and suggestions on preschoolers' reports. Developmental Psychology 1995, 31:568-578.
57. Leippe M.R., Romanczyk A., Manion A.P. Eyewitness persuasion: How and how well do fact finders judge the accuracy of adults and children's memory reports?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 63:181-197.
58. Malloy L.C., Lyon T.D., Quas J.A. Filial dependency and recantation of child sexual abuse allegations. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2007, 46:162-170.
59. Malloy L.C., Quas J.A. Children's suggestibility: Areas of consensus and controversy. The evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations: A comprehensive guide to assessment and testimony 2009, 267-297. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. K. Kuehnle, M. Connell (Eds.).
60. Melnyk L., Bruck M. Timing moderates the effects of repeated suggestive interviewing on children's eyewitness memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2004, 18:613-631.
61. Merritt K.A., Ornstein P.A., Spicker B. Children's memory for a salient medical procedure: Implications for testimony. Pediatrics 1994, 94:12-23.
62. The evidence of children and other vulnerable witnesses 1997, New Zealand Law Commission, Author, Wellington, NZ.
63. Orbach Y., Hershkowitz I., Lamb M.E., Sternberg K.J., Esplin P.W., Horowitz D. Assessing the value of structured protocols for forensic interviews of alleged child abuse victims. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000, 24:733-752.
64. Orbach Y., Lamb M.E. The relationship between within-interview contradictions and eliciting interview utterances. Child Abuse & Neglect 2001, 25:323-333.
65. Ornstein P.A. Children's long-term retention of salient personal experiences. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1995, 8:581-605.
66. Ornstein P.A., Baker-Ward L., Gordon B.N., Merritt K.A. Children's memory for medical experiences: Implications for testimony. Applied Cognitive Psychology 1997, 11:87-104.
67. Ornstein P.A., Baker-Ward L., Gordon B.N., Pelphrey K.A., Staneck Tyler C., Gramzow E. The influence of prior knowledge and repeated questioning on children's long-term retention of the details of a paediatric examination. Developmental Psychology 2006, 42:332-344.
68. Ornstein P.A., Gordon B.N., Larus D.M. Children's memory for a personally experienced event: Implications for testimony. Applied Cognitive Psychology 1992, 6:49-60.
69. Payne D.G. Hypermnesia and reminiscence in recall: A historical and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin 1987, 101:5-27.
70. Peterson C. The preschool child witness: Errors in accounts of traumatic injury. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 1996, 28:36-42.
71. Peterson C. Children's memory for medical emergencies: 2 years later. Developmental Psychology 1999, 35:1493-1506.
72. Peterson C., Bell M. Children's memory for traumatic injury. Child Development 1996, 67:3045-3070.
73. Peterson C., Pardy L., Tizzard-Drover T., Warren K.L. When initial interviews are delayed a year: Effect on children's 2-year recall. Law and Human Behavior 2005, 29:527-541.
74. Peterson C., Moores L., White G. Recounting the same events again and again: Children's consistency across multiple interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2001, 15:353-371.
75. Peterson C., Whalen N. Five years later: Children's memory for medical emergencies. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2001, 15:S7-S24.
76. Pipe M.-E., Wilson J.C. Cues and secrets: Influences on children's event reports. Developmental Psychology 1994, 30:515-525.
77. Pipe M.-E., Gee S., Wilson J.C., Egerton J.M. Children's recall 1 or 2 years after an event. Developmental Psychology 1999, 35:781-789.
78. Pipe M.-E., Lamb M.E., Orbach Y., Cederborg A.C. Child sexual abuse: Disclosure, delay, and denial 2007, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
79. Pipe M.-E., Lamb M.E., Orbach Y., Esplin P.W. Recent research on children's testimony about experienced and witnessed events. Developmental Review 2004, 24:440-468.
80. Pipe M.-E., Sutherland R., Webster N., Jones C.H., La Rooy D. Do early interviews affect children's long-term recall?. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2004, 18:1-17.
81. Plotnikoff J., Woolfson R. An evaluation of child witness support. Scottish Executive Central Research Unit 2001, Available from http://www.scotland.gov.uk/cru/kd01/purple/witness01.pdf.
82. Poole D.A., White L.T. Two years later: Effects of question repetition and retention interval on the eyewitness testimony of children and adults. Developmental Psychology 1993, 29:844-853.
83. Powell M.B., Jones C.H., Campbell C. A comparison of preschoolers' recall of experienced versus non-experienced events across multiple interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2003, 17:935-952.
84. Powell M.B., Thomson D.M. The effect of an intervening interview on children's ability to remember one occurrence of a repeated event. Legal and Criminological Psychology 1997, 2:247-262.
85. Principe G.F., Ceci S.J. " I saw it with my own ears": The effects of peer conversations on preschoolers' reports of nonexperienced events. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2002, 83:1-25.
86. Quas J.A., Goodman G.S., Bidrose S., Pipe M.-E., Craw S., Ablin D.S. Emotion and memory: Children's long-term remembering, forgetting and suggestibility. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 1999, 72:235-270.
87. Quas J.A., Malloy L.C., Melinder A., Goodman G.S., D'Mello M., Schaaf J. Developmental differences in the effects of repeated interviews and interviewer bias on young children's event memory and false reports. Developmental Psychology 2007, 43:823-837.
88. Quas J.A., Thompson W.C., Clarke-Stewart K.A. Do jurors " know" what isn't so about child witnesses?. Law and Human Behavior 2005, 29:425-456.
89. Raskin D.C., Esplin P.W. Statement validity assessment-Interview procedures and content-analysis of children's statements of sexual abuse. Behavioural Assessment 1991, 13:265-291.
90. Roediger H.L., Karpicke J.D. The power of testing memory: Basic research and implications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2006, 1:181-210.
91. Roediger H.L., Payne D.G. Hypermnesia: The role of repeated testing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 1982, 8:66-72.
92. Roediger H.L., Payne D.G., Gillespie G.L., Lean D.S. Hypermnesia as determined by level of recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1982, 21:635-655.
93. Salmon K., Pipe M.-E. Props and children's event reports: The impact of a 1-year delay. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 1997, 65:261-292.
94. Salmon K., Pipe M.-E. Recalling an event one year later: The impact of props, drawing and a prior interview. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2000, 14:99-120.
95. Scottish Executive. Guidance interviewing child witnesses and victims in Scotland 2003, Author, Edinburgh.
96. Scottish Executive. On the record: Evaluating the visual recording of joint investigative interviews with children 2007, Author, Edinburgh.
97. Scrivner E., Safer M.A. Eyewitnesses show hypermnesia for details about a violent event. Journal of Applied Psychology 1988, 73:371-377.
98. Shapiro S.R., Erdelyi M.H. Hypermnesia for pictures but not words. Journal of Experimental Psychology 1974, 103:1218-1219.
99. State v. Bobadilla, 709 N. W. 2d 243 (Minn. 2006).
100. Sternberg K.J., Lamb M.E., Davies G.M., Westcott H.L. The memorandum of good practice: Theory versus application. Child Abuse & Neglect 2001, 25:669-681.
101. Steward M.S., Steward D.S., Farquhar L., Myers J.E.B., Reinhart M., Welker J., Morgan J. Interviewing young children about body touch and handling. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1996, 57(Serial No. 248).