Therapeutic application of nitric oxide in human diseases

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 351-362

  Namkoong, Seung ^a   Kim, Young Myeong ^a  

^a Kangwon National University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Ischemia reperfusion injury; Nitric oxide; Nitric oxide donors; Nitric oxide synthase; Therapy; Tumor

Indexed keywords

2 [1 (2 FLUOROBENZYL) 1H PYRAZOLO[3,4 B]PYRIDIN 3 YL] 5 MORPHOLINO 4,6 PYRIMIDINEDIAMINE; 3,3 BIS(2 AMINOETHYL) 1 HYDROXY 2 OXOTRIAZENE; 4 AMINO 5 CYCLOPROPYL 2 [1 (2 FLUOROBENZYL) 1H PYRAZOLO[3,4 B]PYRIDIN 3 YL]PYRIMIDINE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; BAY 63 2521; CASPASE; CFM 1571; CYCLIC GMP; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; FENRETINIDE; INDAZOLE DERIVATIVE; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; N(G) METHYLARGININE; NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE B; SNARE PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN;

ADENOCARCINOMA; ANGIOGENESIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; AUTOCRINE EFFECT; BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; BONE METASTASIS; CARCINOGENESIS; DRUG SYNTHESIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LUNG CANCER; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; MELANOMA; METASTASIS; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; NITROSYLATION; PARACRINE SIGNALING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REPERFUSION INJURY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TISSUE REGENERATION; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION; VASODILATATION; WOUND HEALING;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 78449237130     PISSN: 19769148     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.4.351     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Ahern, G. P., Klyachko, V. A. and Jackson, M. B. (2002). cGMP and S-nitrosylation: two routes for modulation of neuronal excitability by NO. Trends Neurosci. 25, 510-517.
2. Ahn, B. and Ohshima, H. (2001). Suppression of intestinal polyposis in Apc (Min/+) mice by inhibiting nitric oxide production. Cancer Res. 61, 8357-8360.
3. Andrade, S. P., Hart, I. R. and Piper, P. J. (1992). Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase selectively reduce flow in tumorassociated neovasculature. Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 10921095.
4. Archer, S. L., Huang, J. M., Hampl, V., Nelson, D. P., Shultz, P. J. and Weir, E. K. (1994). Nitric oxide and cGMP cause vasorelaxation by activation of a charybdotoxin-sensitive K channel by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91, 7583-7587.
5. Beghetti, M., Habre, W., Friedli, B. and Berner, M. (1995). Continuous low dose inhaled nitric oxide for treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery in paediatric patients. Br. Heart J. 73, 65-68.
6. Bell, R. M., Maddock, H. L. and Yellon, D. M. (2003). The cardioprotective and mitochondrial depolarising properties of exogenous nitric oxide in mouse heart. Cardiovasc. Res. 57, 405-415.
7. Brune, B., von Knethen, A. and Sandau, K. B. (1998). Nitric oxide and its role in apoptosis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 351, 261-272.
8. Brune, B. and Zhou, J. (2007). Nitric oxide and superoxide: interference with hypoxic signaling. Cardiovasc. Res. 75, 275-282.
9. Chazotte-Aubert, L., Hainaut, P. and Ohshima, H. (2000). Nitric oxide nitrates tyrosine residues of tumor-suppressor p53 protein in MCF-7 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267, 609-613.
10. Chinje, E. C. and Stratford, I. J. (1997). Role of nitric oxide in growth of solid tumours: a balancing act. Essays Biochem. 32, 61-72.
11. Chung, B. H., Kim, J. D., Kim, C. K., Kim, J. H., Won, M. H., Lee, H. S., Dong, M. S., Ha, K. S., Kwon, Y. G. and Kim, Y. M. (2008). Icariin stimulates angiogenesis by activating the MEK/ERKand PI3K/Akt/eNOS-dependent signal pathways in human endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 376, 404-408.
12. Chung, B. H., Lee, J. J., Kim, J. D., Jeoung, D., Lee, H., Choe, J., Ha, K. S., Kwon, Y. G. and Kim, Y. M. (2010). Angiogenic activity of sesamin through the activation of multiple signal pathways. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 391, 254-260.
13. Chung, H. T., Pae, H. O., Choi, B. M., Billiar, T. R. and Kim, Y. M. (2001). Nitric oxide as a bioregulator of apoptosis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282, 1075-1079.
14. Cosby, K., Partovi, K. S., Crawford, J. H., Patel, R. P., Reiter, C. D., Martyr, S., Yang, B. K., Waclawiw, M. A., Zalos, G., Xu, X., Huang, K. T., Shields, H., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., Schechter, A. N., Cannon, R. O. 3rd and Gladwin, M. T. (2003). Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation. Nat. Med. 9, 1498-1505.
15. Dash, P. R., Cartwright, J. E., Baker, P. N., Johnstone, A. P. and Whitley, G. S. (2003). Nitric oxide protects human extravillous trophoblast cells from apoptosis by a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism and independently of caspase 3 nitrosylation0Exp. Cell. Res. 287, 314-324.
16. Date, H., Triantafillou, A. N., Trulock, E. P., Pohl, M. S., Cooper, J. D. and Patterson, G. A. (1996). Inhaled nitric oxide reduces human lung allograft dysfunction. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 111, 913-919.
17. deRojas-Walker, T., Tamir, S., Ji, H., Wishnok, J. S. and Tannenbaum, S. R. (1995). Nitric oxide induces oxidative damage in addition to deamination in macrophage DNA. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8, 473-477.
18. Dezfulian, C., Raat, N., Shiva, S. and Gladwin, M. T. (2007). Role of the anion nitrite in ischemia-reperfusion cytoprotection and therapeutics. Cardiovasc. Res. 75, 327-338.
19. Dimmeler, S., Fleming, I., Fisslthaler, B., Hermann, C., Busse, R. and Zeiher, A. M. (1999). Activation of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells by Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Nature 399, 601-605.
20. Dulak, J., Jozkowicz, A., Dembinska-Kiec, A., Guevara, I., Zdzienicka, A., Zmudzinska-Grochot, D., Florek, I., Wojtowicz, A., Szuba, A. and Cooke, J. P. (2000). Nitric oxide induces the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor by rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20, 659-666.
21. Duranski, M. R., Greer, J. J., Dejam, A., Jaganmohan, S., Hogg, N., Langston, W., Patel, R. P., Yet, S. F., Wang, X., Kevil, C. G., Gladwin, M. T. and Lefer, D. J. (2005). Cytoprotective effects of nitrite during in vivo ischemia-reperfusion of the heart and liver. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 1232-1240.
22. Edwards, C., Feng, H. Q., Reynolds, C., Mao, L. and Rockey, D. C. (2008). Effect of the nitric oxide donor V-PYRRO/NO on portal pressure and sinusoidal dynamics in normal and cirrhotic mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 294, G1311-1317.
23. Elfering, S. L., Sarkela, T. M. and Giulivi, C. (2002). Biochemistry of mitochondrial nitric-oxide synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 38079-38086.
24. Elrod, J. W., Greer, J. J., Bryan, N. S., Langston, W., Szot, J. F., Gebregzlabher, H., Janssens, S., Feelisch, M. and Lefer, D. J. (2006). Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of NO synthase-3 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26, 1517-1523.
25. Fleming, I., Fisslthaler, B., Dimmeler, S., Kemp, B. E. and Busse, R. (2001). Phosphorylation of Thr(495) regulates Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Circ. Res. 88, E68-75.
26. Folkman, J. and Shing, Y. (1992). Angiogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 10931-10934.
27. Forrester, K., Ambs, S., Lupold, S. E., Kapust, R. B., Spillare, E. A., Weinberg, W. C., Felley-Bosco, E., Wang, X. W., Geller, D. A., Tzeng, E., Billiar, T. R. and Harris, C. C. (1996). Nitric oxide-induced p53 accumulation and regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by wild-type p53. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93, 2442-2447.
28. Forstermann, U., Kleinert, H., Gath, I., Schwarz, P., Closs, E. I. and Dun, N. J. (1995). Expression and expressional control of nitric oxide synthases in various cell types. Adv. Pharmacol. 34, 171-186.
29. Foster, M. W., Hess, D. T. and Stamler, J. S. (2009). Protein S-nitrosylation in health and disease: a current perspective. Trends Mol. Med. 15, 391-404.
30. Fukumura, D., Gohongi, T., Kadambi, A., Izumi, Y., Ang, J., Yun, C. O., Buerk, D. G., Huang, P. L. and Jain, R. K. (2001). Predominant role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98, 2604-2609.
31. Furchgott, R. F. and Zawadzki, J. V. (1980). The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288, 373-376.
32. Garg, U. C. and Hassid, A. (1989). Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Invest. 83, 1774-1777.
33. Gath, I., Closs, E. I., Godtel-Armbrust, U., Schmitt, S., Nakane, M., Wessler, I. and Forstermann, U. (1996). Inducible NO synthase II and neuronal NO synthase I are constitutively expressed in different structures of guinea pig skeletal muscle: implications for contractile function. FASEB J. 10, 1614-1620.
34. Ghofrani, H. A., Hoeper, M. M., Halank, M., Meyer, F. J., Staehler, G., Behr, J., Ewert, R., Weimann, G. and Grimminger, F. (2010). Riociguat for chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension: a phase II study. Eur. Respir. J. 36, 792-799.
35. Granger, D. L., Taintor, R. R., Cook, J. L. and Hibbs, J. B. Jr. (1980). Injury of neoplastic cells by murine macrophages leads to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. J. Clin. Invest. 65, 357-370.
36. Ha, K. S., Kim, K. M., Kwon, Y. G., Bai, S. K., Nam, W. D., Yoo, Y. M., Kim, P. K., Chung, H. T., Billiar, T. R. and Kim, Y. M. (2003). Nitric oxide prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through cGMP-dependent PI3 kinase/Akt activation. FASEB J. 17, 1036-1047.
37. Hibbs, J. B. Jr., Taintor, R. R. and Vavrin, Z. (1987). Macrophage cytotoxicity: role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite. Science 235, 473-476.
38. Hibbs, J. B. Jr., Taintor, R. R., Vavrin, Z. and Rachlin, E. M. (1988). Nitric oxide: a cytotoxic activated macrophage effector molecule. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157, 87-94.
39. Huang, L. E., Willmore, W. G., Gu, J., Goldberg, M. A. and Bunn, H. F. (1999). Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activation by carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. Implications for oxygen sensing and signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 9038-9044.
40. Huang, P. L., Huang, Z., Mashimo, H., Bloch, K. D., Moskowitz, M. A., Bevan, J. A. and Fishman, M. C. (1995). Hypertension in mice lacking the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nature 377, 239-242.
41. Huang, Z., Shiva, S., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., Patel, R. P., Ringwood, L. A., Irby, C. E., Huang, K. T., Ho, C., Hogg, N., Schechter, A. N. and Gladwin, M. T. (2005). Enzymatic function of hemoglobin as a nitrite reductase that produces NO under allosteric control. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 2099-2107.
42. Hunter, C. J., Dejam, A., Blood, A. B., Shields, H., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., Machado, R. F., Tarekegn, S., Mulla, N., Hopper, A. O., Schechter, A. N., Power, G. G. and Gladwin, M. T. (2004). Inhaled nebulized nitrite is a hypoxia-sensitive NO-dependent selective pulmonary vasodilator. Nat. Med. 10, 1122-1127.
43. Ignarro, L. J., Buga, G. M., Wood, K. S., Byrns, R. E. and Chaudhuri, G. (1987). Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84, 9265-9269.
44. Johnson, T. A., Stasko, N. A., Matthews, J. L., Cascio, W. E., Holmuhamedov, E. L., Johnson, C. B. and Schoenfisch, M. H. (2010). Reduced ischemia/reperfusion injury via glutathioneinitiated nitric oxide-releasing dendrimers. Nitric Oxide 22, 30-36.
45. Jones, S. P., Greer, J. J., Kakkar, A. K., Ware, P. D., Turnage, R. H., Hicks, M., van Haperen, R., de Crom, R., Kawashima, S., Yokoyama, M. and Lefer, D. J. (2004). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase overexpression attenuates myocardial reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 286, H276-282.
46. Jun, C. D., Choi, B. M., Hoon, R., Um, J. Y., Kwak, H. J., Lee, B. S., Paik, S. G., Kim, H. M. and Chung, H. T. (1994). Synergistic cooperation between phorbol ester and IFN-γ for induction of nitric oxide synthesis in murine peritoneal macrophages. J. Immunol. 153, 3684-3690.
47. Jung, K. H., Chu, K., Ko, S. Y., Lee, S. T., Sinn, D. I., Park, D. K., Kim, J. M., Song, E. C., Kim, M. and Roh, J. K. (2006). Early intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite protects brain against in vivo ischemia-reperfusion injury. Stroke 37, 2744-2750.
48. Kanno, S., Lee, P. C., Zhang, Y., Ho, C., Griffith, B. P., Shears, L. L. 2nd and Billiar, T. R. (2000). Attenuation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by superinduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Circulation 101, 2742-2748.
49. Kim, Y. M., Bergonia, H. and Lancaster, J. R. Jr. (1995a). Nitrogen oxide-induced autoprotection in isolated rat hepatocytes. FEBS Lett. 374, 228-232.
50. Kim, Y. M., Bergonia, H. A., Muller, C., Pitt, B. R., Watkins, W. D. and Lancaster, J. R. Jr. (1995b). Loss and degradation of enzyme-bound heme induced by cellular nitric oxide synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 5710-5713.
51. Kim, Y. M., Chung, H. T., Kim, S. S., Han, J. A., Yoo, Y. M., Kim, K. M., Lee, G. H., Yun, H. Y., Green, A., Li, J., Simmons, R. L. and Billiar, T. R. (1999). Nitric oxide protects PC12 cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis by cGMP-dependent inhibition of caspase signaling. J. Neurosci. 19, 6740-6747.
52. Kim, Y. M., Chung, H. T., Simmons, R. L. and Billiar, T. R. (2000). Cellular non-heme iron content is a determinant of nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis, necrosis, and caspase inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 10954-10961.
53. Kim, Y. M., de Vera, M. E., Watkins, S. C. and Billiar, T. R. (1997a). Nitric oxide protects cultured rat hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis by inducing heat shock protein 70 expression. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 1402-1411.
54. Kim, Y. M., Talanian, R. V. and Billiar, T. R. (1997b). Nitric oxide inhibits apoptosis by preventing increases in caspase-3-like activity via two distinct mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 31138-31148.
55. Kimura, H., Weisz, A., Kurashima, Y., Hashimoto, K., Ogura, T., D'Acquisto, F., Addeo, R., Makuuchi, M. and Esumi, H. (2000). Hypoxia response element of the human vascular endothelial growth factor gene mediates transcriptional regulation by nitric oxide: control of hypoxia-inducible factor1 activity by nitric oxide. Blood 95, 189-197.
56. Kisley, L. R., Barrett, B. S., Bauer, A. K., Dwyer-Nield, L. D., Barthel, B., Meyer, A. M., Thompson, D. C. and Malkinson, A. M. (2002). Genetic ablation of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases mouse lung tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 62, 6850-6856.
57. Kiziltepe, T., Hideshima, T., Ishitsuka, K., Ocio, E. M., Raje, N., Catley, L., Li, C. Q., Trudel, L. J., Yasui, H., Vallet, S., Kutok, J. L., Chauhan, D., Mitsiades, C. S., Saavedra, J. E., Wogan, G. N., Keefer, L. K., Shami, P. J. and Anderson, K. C. (2007). JS-K, a GST-activated nitric oxide generator, induces DNA double-strand breaks, activates DNA damage response pathways, and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in human multiple myeloma cells. Blood 110, 709-718.
58. Konopka, T. E., Barker, J. E., Bamford, T. L., Guida, E., Anderson, R. L. and Stewart, A. G. (2001). Nitric oxide synthase II gene disruption: implications for tumor growth and vascular endothelial growth factor production. Cancer Res. 61, 3182-3187.
59. Kroncke, K. D. (2003). Nitrosative stress and transcription. Biol. Chem. 384, 1365-1377.
60. Kroncke, K. D., Fehsel, K. and Kolb-Bachofen, V. (1997). Nitric oxide: cytotoxicity versus cytoprotection--how, why, when, and where? Nitric Oxide. 1, 107-120.
61. Kumar, D., Branch, B. G., Pattillo, C. B., Hood, J., Thoma, S., Simpson, S., Illum, S., Arora, N., Chidlow, J. H., Jr., Langston, W., Teng, X., Lefer, D. J., Patel, R. P. and Kevil, C. G. (2008). Chronic sodium nitrite therapy augments ischemiainduced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 105, 7540-7545.
62. Kuroki, I., Miyazaki, T., Mizukami, I., Matsumoto, N. and Matsumoto, I. (2004). Effect of sodium nitroprusside on ischemia-reperfusion injuries of the rat liver. Hepatogastroenterology 51, 1404-1407.
63. Lala, P. K. and Chakraborty, C. (2001). Role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Lancet Oncol. 2, 149-156.
64. Lang, J. D. Jr., Teng, X., Chumley, P., Crawford, J. H., Isbell, T. S., Chacko, B. K., Liu, Y., Jhala, N., Crowe, D. R., Smith, A. B., Cross, R. C., Frenette, L., Kelley, E. E., Wilhite, D. W., Hall, C. R., Page, G. P., Fallon, M. B., Bynon, J. S., Eckhoff, D. E. and Patel, R. P. (2007). Inhaled NO accelerates restoration of liver function in adults following orthotopic liver transplantation. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 2583-2591.
65. Le, X., Wei, D., Huang, S., Lancaster, J. R. Jr. and Xie, K. (2005). Nitric oxide synthase II suppresses the growth and metastasis of human cancer regardless of its up-regulation of protumor factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 102, 8758-8763.
66. Lee, P. C., Salyapongse, A. N., Bragdon, G. A., Shears, L. L. 2nd, Watkins, S. C., Edington, H. D. and Billiar, T. R. (1999). Impaired wound healing and angiogenesis in eNOS-deficient mice. Am. J. Physiol. 277, H1600-1608.
67. Li, J., Billiar, T. R., Talanian, R. V. and Kim, Y. M. (1997). Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits seven members of the caspase family via S-nitrosylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 240, 419-424.
68. Li, Q., Guo, Y., Xuan, Y. T., Lowenstein, C. J., Stevenson, S. C., Prabhu, S. D., Wu, W. J., Zhu, Y. and Bolli, R. (2003). Gene therapy with inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against myocardial infarction via a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism. Circ. Res. 92, 741-748.
69. Lima, B., Forrester, M. T., Hess, D. T. and Stamler, J. S. (2010). S-nitrosylation in cardiovascular signaling. Circ. Res. 106, 633-646.
70. Lowson, S. M. (2004). Alternatives to nitric oxide. Br. Med. Bull. 70, 119-131.
71. Marletta, M. A., Hurshman, A. R. and Rusche, K. M. (1998). Catalysis by nitric oxide synthase. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2, 656-663.
72. Matthews, N. E., Adams, M. A., Maxwell, L. R., Gofton, T. E. and Graham, C. H. (2001). Nitric oxide-mediated regulation of chemosensitivity in cancer cells. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 93, 1879-1885.
73. Messmer, U. K. and Brune, B. (1996). Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis: p53-dependent and p53-independent signalling pathways. Biochem. J. 319, 299-305.
74. Miller, M. R. and Megson, I. L. (2007). Recent developments in nitric oxide donor drugs. Br. J. Pharmacol. 151, 305-321.
75. Moncada, S., Palmer, R. M. and Higgs, E. A. (1991). Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. 43, 109-142.
76. Murad, F. (1986). Cyclic guanosine monophosphate as a mediator of vasodilation. J. Clin. Invest. 78, 1-5.
77. Murohara, T., Asahara, T., Silver, M., Bauters, C., Masuda, H., Kalka, C., Kearney, M., Chen, D., Symes, J. F., Fishman, M. C., Huang, P. L. and Isner, J. M. (1998). Nitric oxide synthase modulates angiogenesis in response to tissue ischemia. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 2567-2578.
78. Namkoong, S., Chung, B. H., Ha, K. S., Lee, H., Kwon, Y. G. and Kim, Y. M. (2008). Microscopic technique for the detection of nitric oxide-dependent angiogenesis in an animal model. Methods Enzymol. 441, 393-402.
79. Nathan, C. (1992). Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells. FASEB J. 6, 3051-3064.
80. Nathan, C. (1997). Inducible nitric oxide synthase: what difference does it make? J. Clin. Invest. 100, 2417-2423.
81. Nathan, C. and Xie, Q. W. (1994). Regulation of biosynthesis of nitric oxide. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 13725-13728.
82. Papapetropoulos, A., Garcia-Cardena, G., Madri, J. A. and Sessa, W. C. (1997). Nitric oxide production contributes to the angiogenic properties of vascular endothelial growth factor in human endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 3131-3139.
83. Radomski, M. W., Jenkins, D. C., Holmes, L. and Moncada, S. (1991). Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: differential nitric oxide synthesis determines their ability to aggregate platelets. Cancer Res. 51, 6073-6078.
84. RayChaudhury, A., Frischer, H. and Malik, A. B. (1996). Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and bFGF-induced phenotypic modulation by nitric oxide. J. Cell. Biochem. 63, 125-134.
85. Sase, K. and Michel, T. (1997). Expression and regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Trends in. Cardiovasc. Med. 7, 28-37.
86. Scatena, R., Bottoni, P., Martorana, G. E. and Giardina, B. (2005). Nitric oxide donor drugs: an update on pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 14, 835-846.
87. Schgoer, W., Theurl, M., Jeschke, J., Beer, A. G., Albrecht, K., Gander, R., Rong, S., Vasiljevic, D., Egger, M., Wolf, A. M., Frauscher, S., Koller, B., Tancevski, I., Patsch, J. R., Schratzberger, P., Piza-Katzer, H., Ritsch, A., Bahlmann, F. H., Fischer-Colbrie, R., Wolf, D. and Kirchmair, R. (2009). Gene therapy with the angiogenic cytokine secretoneurin induces therapeutic angiogenesis by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Circ. Res. 105, 994-1002.
88. Schmidt, H. H., Lohmann, S. M. and Walter, U. (1993). The nitric oxide and cGMP signal transduction system: regulation and mechanism of action. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1178, 153-175.
89. Schulz, R., Kelm, M. and Heusch, G. (2004). Nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc. Res. 61, 402-413.
90. Schwentker, A. and Billiar, T. R. (2002). Inducible nitric oxide synthase: from cloning to therapeutic applications. World J. Surg. 26, 772-778.
91. Shimaoka, M., Iida, T., Ohara, A., Taenaka, N., Mashimo, T., Honda, T. and Yoshiya, I. (1995). NOC, a nitric-oxidereleasing compound, induces dose dependent apoptosis in macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 209, 519-526.
92. Silvagno, F., Xia, H. and Bredt, D. S. (1996). Neuronal nitricoxide synthase-mu, an alternatively spliced isoform expressed in differentiated skeletal muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 11204-11208.
93. Simeone, A. M., Colella, S., Krahe, R., Johnson, M. M., Mora, E. and Tari, A. M. (2006). N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and nitric oxide pro-drugs exhibit apoptotic and anti-invasive effects against bone metastatic breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 27, 568-577.
94. Sogawa, K., Numayama-Tsuruta, K., Ema, M., Abe, M., Abe, H. and Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. (1998). Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 activity by nitric oxide donors in hypoxia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95, 7368-7373.
95. Spedding, M., Schini, V., Schoeffter, P. and Miller, R. C. (1986). Calcium channel activation does not increase release of endothelial-derived relaxant factors (EDRF) in rat aorta although tonic release of EDRF may modulate calcium channel activity in smooth muscle. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 8, 1130-1137.
96. Stasch, J. P. and Hobbs, A. J. (2009). NO-independent, haemdependent soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 277-308.
97. Steudel, W., Hurford, W. E. and Zapol, W. M. (1999). Inhaled nitric oxide: basic biology and clinical applications. Anesthesiology 91, 1090-1121.
98. Stuehr, D. J. and Marletta, M. A. (1985). Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82, 7738-7742.
99. Surks, H. K. (2007). cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and smooth muscle relaxation: a tale of two isoforms. Circ. Res. 101, 1078-1080.
100. Tatoyan, A. and Giulivi, C. (1998). Purification and characterization of a nitric-oxide synthase from rat liver mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11044-11048.
101. Taylor, C. T. and Moncada, S. (2010). Nitric oxide, cytochrome C oxidase, and the cellular response to hypoxia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30, 643-647.
102. Thatcher, G. R. (2005). An introduction to NO-related therapeutic agents. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 5, 597-601.
103. Thebaud, B., Arnal, J. F., Mercier, J. C. and Dinh-Xuan, A. T. (1999). Inhaled and exhaled nitric oxide. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 55, 1103-1112.
104. Trikha, P., Sharma, N. and Athar, M. (2001). Nitroglycerin: a NO donor inhibits TPA-mediated tumor promotion in murine skin. Carcinogenesis 22, 1207-1211.
105. Tripatara, P., Patel, N. S., Webb, A., Rathod, K., Lecomte, F. M., Mazzon, E., Cuzzocrea, S., Yaqoob, M. M., Ahluwalia, A. and Thiemermann, C. (2007). Nitrite-derived nitric oxide protects the rat kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo: role for xanthine oxidoreductase. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18, 570-580.
106. Tsuchiya, K., Kanematsu, Y., Yoshizumi, M., Ohnishi, H., Kirima, K., Izawa, Y., Shikishima, M., Ishida, T., Kondo, S., Kagami, S., Takiguchi, Y. and Tamaki, T. (2005). Nitrite is an alternative source of NO in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 288, H2163-2170.
107. Webb, A., Bond, R., McLean, P., Uppal, R., Benjamin, N. and Ahluwalia, A. (2004). Reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide during ischemia protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13683-13688.
108. Wei, D., Richardson, E. L., Zhu, K., Wang, L., Le, X., He, Y., Huang, S. and Xie, K. (2003). Direct demonstration of negative regulation of tumor growth and metastasis by host-inducible nitric oxide synthase. Cancer Res. 63, 3855-3859.
109. Yerebakan, C., Ugurlucan, M., Bayraktar, S., Bethea, B. T. and Conte, J. V. (2009). Effects of inhaled nitric oxide following lung transplantation. J. Card. Surg. 24, 269-274.
110. Yim, C. Y., Bastian, N. R., Smith, J. C., Hibbs, J. B. Jr. and Samlowski, W. E. (1993). Macrophage nitric oxide synthesis delays progression of ultraviolet light-induced murine skin cancers. Cancer Res. 53, 5507-5511.
111. Yu, J., deMuinck, E. D., Zhuang, Z., Drinane, M., Kauser, K., Rubanyi, G. M., Qian, H. S., Murata, T., Escalante, B. and Sessa, W. C. (2005). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is critical for ischemic remodeling, mural cell recruitment, and blood flow reserve. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 102, 10999-11004.
112. Zech, B., Kohl, R., von Knethen, A. and Brune, B. (2003). Nitric oxide donors inhibit formation of the Apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosome and activation of caspases. Biochem. J. 371, 1055-1064.
113. Zhang, R., Wang, L., Zhang, L., Chen, J., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z. and Chopp, M. (2003). Nitric oxide enhances angiogenesis via the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor and cGMP after stroke in the rat. Circ. Res. 92, 308-313.
114. Ziche, M., Morbidelli, L., Choudhuri, R., Zhang, H. T., Donnini, S., Granger, H. J. and Bicknell, R. (1997). Nitric oxide synthase lies downstream from vascular endothelial growth factor-induced but not basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 2625-2634.