메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 312-332

Who is placed into special education?

Author keywords

disability; race ethnicity; school context; special education

Indexed keywords


EID: 78149389346     PISSN: 00380407     EISSN: 19398573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0038040710383518     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (194)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 33645723230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working with Missing Data
    • Acock, Alan. 2005. "Working with Missing Data. "Journal of Marriage and Family 67:1012-28.
    • (2005) Journal of Marriage and Family , vol.67 , pp. 1012-1028
    • Acock, A.1
  • 3
    • 0004093524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Allison, Paul. 2002. Missing Data. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (2002) Missing Data
    • Allison, P.1
  • 4
    • 14644438489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Within-group Diversity in Minority Disproportionate Representation: English Language Learners in Urban School Districts
    • Artiles, Alfredo J., Robert Rueda, Jesus J. Salazar, and Ignacio Higareda. 2005. "Within-group Diversity in Minority Disproportionate Representation: English Language Learners in Urban School Districts."Exceptional Children 71:283-300.
    • (2005) Exceptional Children , vol.71 , pp. 283-300
    • Artiles, A.J.1    Rueda, R.2    Salazar, J.J.3    Higareda, I.4
  • 6
    • 0003987103 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Barr, Rebecca and Robert Dreeben. 1983. How Schools Work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1983) How Schools Work
    • Barr, R.1    Dreeben, R.2
  • 7
    • 0036012257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proportion of LD Placements Associated with Low Socioeconomic Status: Evidence for a Gradient?
    • Blair, Clancy and Keith G. Scott. 2002. "Proportion of LD Placements Associated with Low Socioeconomic Status: Evidence for a Gradient?"Journal of Special Education 36:14-22.
    • (2002) Journal of Special Education , vol.36 , pp. 14-22
    • Blair, C.1    Scott, K.G.2
  • 8
    • 0033055573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems in Diagnosing Attention and Activity
    • Carey, William B. 1999. "Problems in Diagnosing Attention and Activity."Pediatrics 103:664-67.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.103 , pp. 664-667
    • Carey, W.B.1
  • 9
    • 84970702195 scopus 로고
    • Representation of Minority Students in Special Education Classes
    • Chinn, Philip C. and Selma Hughes. 1987. "Representation of Minority Students in Special Education Classes."Remedial and Special Education 8:41-46.
    • (1987) Remedial and Special Education , vol.8 , pp. 41-46
    • Chinn, P.C.1    Hughes, S.2
  • 10
    • 0009042760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alarming or Disarming? The Status of Ethnic Differences within Exceptionalities
    • Presented at the annual convention of the Council for Exceptional Children, April, Orlando, FL
    • Coulter, W. Alan. 1996. "Alarming or Disarming? The Status of Ethnic Differences within Exceptionalities."Presented at the annual convention of the Council for Exceptional Children, April, Orlando, FL.
    • (1996)
    • Coulter, W.A.1
  • 11
    • 0036003552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Influence of Sociodemographics and Gender on the Disproportionate Identification of Minority Students as Having Learning Disabilities
    • Coutinho, Martha J., Donald P. Oswald, and Al M. Best. 2002. "The Influence of Sociodemographics and Gender on the Disproportionate Identification of Minority Students as Having Learning Disabilities."Remedial and Special Education 23:49-59.
    • (2002) Remedial and Special Education , vol.23 , pp. 49-59
    • Coutinho, M.J.1    Oswald, D.P.2    Best, A.M.3
  • 12
    • 33846078368 scopus 로고
    • The Campus as a Frog Pond: An Application of the Theory of Relative Deprivation to Career Decisions of College Men
    • Davis, James A. 1966. "The Campus as a Frog Pond: An Application of the Theory of Relative Deprivation to Career Decisions of College Men."American Journal of Sociology 72:17-31.
    • (1966) American Journal of Sociology , vol.72 , pp. 17-31
    • Davis, J.A.1
  • 14
    • 10044279177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Race Matters: Teachers' Evaluations of Students' Behavior
    • Downey, Douglas B. and Shana Pribesh. 2004. "When Race Matters: Teachers' Evaluations of Students' Behavior."Sociology of Education 77:267-82.
    • (2004) Sociology of Education , vol.77 , pp. 267-282
    • Downey, D.B.1    Pribesh, S.2
  • 16
    • 0028414307 scopus 로고
    • Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development
    • Duncan, Greg J., Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Pamela Klebanov. 1994. "Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development."Child Development 65:296-318.
    • (1994) Child Development , vol.65 , pp. 296-318
    • Duncan, G.J.1    Brooks-Gunn, J.2    Klebanov, P.3
  • 17
    • 28044468859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can Family Socioeconomic Resources Account for Racial and Ethnic Test Score Gaps?
    • Duncan, Greg J. and Katherine Magnuson. 2005. "Can Family Socioeconomic Resources Account for Racial and Ethnic Test Score Gaps?"The Future of Children 15:35-54.
    • (2005) The Future of Children , vol.15 , pp. 35-54
    • Duncan, G.J.1    Magnuson, K.2
  • 18
    • 0014324952 scopus 로고
    • Special Education for the Mildly Retarded-Is Much of It Justifiable?
    • Dunn, Lloyd M. 1968. "Special Education for the Mildly Retarded-Is Much of It Justifiable?"Exceptional Children 35:5-22.
    • (1968) Exceptional Children , vol.35 , pp. 5-22
    • Dunn, L.M.1
  • 20
    • 22944445171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First Grade and Educational Attainment by Age 22: A New Story
    • Entwisle, Doris R., Karl L. Alexander, and Linda Steffel Olson. 2005. "First Grade and Educational Attainment by Age 22: A New Story."American Journal of Sociology 110:1458-502.
    • (2005) American Journal of Sociology , vol.110 , pp. 1458-1502
    • Entwisle, D.R.1    Alexander, K.L.2    Olson, L.S.3
  • 21
    • 4043131007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Detailed Age Trajectory of Oral Vocabulary Knowledge: Differences by Class and Race
    • Farkas, George and Kurt Beron 2004. "The Detailed Age Trajectory of Oral Vocabulary Knowledge: Differences by Class and Race."Social Science Research 33:464-97.
    • (2004) Social Science Research , vol.33 , pp. 464-497
    • Farkas, G.1    Beron, K.2
  • 23
    • 77953780758 scopus 로고
    • Coursework Mastery and School Success: Gender, Ethnicity, and Poverty Groups within an Urban School District
    • Farkas, George, Daniel Sheehan, and Robert Grobe. 1990. "Coursework Mastery and School Success: Gender, Ethnicity, and Poverty Groups within an Urban School District."American Educational Research Journal 27:807-27.
    • (1990) American Educational Research Journal , vol.27 , pp. 807-827
    • Farkas, G.1    Sheehan, D.2    Grobe, R.3
  • 24
    • 2442528264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School
    • Fryer, Roland G., Jr. and Steven D. Levitt. 2004. "Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School."Review of Economics and Statistics, 86:447-64.
    • (2004) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.86 , pp. 447-464
    • Fryer Jr., R.G.1    Levitt, S.D.2
  • 26
    • 84935985746 scopus 로고
    • Instructional and Institutional Effects of Ability Grouping
    • Gamoran, Adam. 1986. "Instructional and Institutional Effects of Ability Grouping."Sociology of Education 59:185-98.
    • (1986) Sociology of Education , vol.59 , pp. 185-198
    • Gamoran, A.1
  • 27
    • 84928446018 scopus 로고
    • Coupling and Control in Educational Organizations
    • Gamoran, Adam and Robert Dreeben. 1986. "Coupling and Control in Educational Organizations. "Administrative Science Quarterly 31:612-32.
    • (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 612-632
    • Gamoran, A.1    Dreeben, R.2
  • 28
    • 0017480462 scopus 로고
    • Labeling and Teacher Expectations
    • Gillung, Tom B. and Chauncy N. Rucker. 1977. "Labeling and Teacher Expectations."Exceptional Children 43:464-65.
    • (1977) Exceptional Children , vol.43 , pp. 464-465
    • Gillung, T.B.1    Rucker, C.N.2
  • 30
    • 0033480323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educational Expectations of Asian American Youths: Determinants and Ethnic Differences
    • Goyette, Kimberly and Yu Xie. 1999. "Educational Expectations of Asian American Youths: Determinants and Ethnic Differences."Sociology of Education 72:22-36.
    • (1999) Sociology of Education , vol.72 , pp. 22-36
    • Goyette, K.1    Xie, Y.2
  • 31
    • 0032350658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Timing of the Influence of Cumulative Poverty on Children's Cognitive Ability and Achievement
    • Guo, Guang. 1998. "The Timing of the Influence of Cumulative Poverty on Children's Cognitive Ability and Achievement. "Social Forces 77:257-88.
    • (1998) Social Forces , vol.77 , pp. 257-288
    • Guo, G.1
  • 32
    • 0034328327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mechanisms Mediating the Effects of Poverty on Children's Intellectual Development
    • Guo, Guang and Katherine M. Harris. 2000. "The Mechanisms Mediating the Effects of Poverty on Children's Intellectual Development."Demography 37:431-47.
    • (2000) Demography , vol.37 , pp. 431-447
    • Guo, G.1    Harris, K.M.2
  • 33
    • 0003868343 scopus 로고
    • Hallinan, Maureen T., ed, New York: Plenum
    • Hallinan, Maureen T., ed. 1987. The Social Organization of Schools. New York: Plenum.
    • (1987) The Social Organization of Schools
  • 35
    • 70349224914 scopus 로고
    • The Disproportionate Placement of African American Males in Special Education Programs: A Critique of the Process
    • Harry, Beth and Mary G. Anderson. 1994. "The Disproportionate Placement of African American Males in Special Education Programs: A Critique of the Process."Journal of Negro Education 63:602-19.
    • (1994) Journal of Negro Education , vol.63 , pp. 602-619
    • Harry, B.1    Anderson, M.G.2
  • 37
    • 0037845930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disability, Race, and High-stakes Testing of Students
    • in, edited by D. J. Losen and G. Orfield, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Heubert, Jay P. 2002. "Disability, Race, and High-stakes Testing of Students."Pp. 137-66 in Racial Inequality in Special Education, edited by D. J. Losen and G. Orfield. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (2002) Racial Inequality in Special Education , pp. 137-166
    • Heubert, J.P.1
  • 38
    • 21144474710 scopus 로고
    • Middle School Ability Grouping and Student Achievement in Science and Mathematics
    • Hoffer, Thomas B. 1992. "Middle School Ability Grouping and Student Achievement in Science and Mathematics."Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 14:205-27.
    • (1992) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , vol.14 , pp. 205-227
    • Hoffer, T.B.1
  • 39
    • 0010186348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of Restrictiveness of Placement for African American and Caucasian Students
    • Hosp, John L. and Daniel J. Reschly. 2002. "Predictors of Restrictiveness of Placement for African American and Caucasian Students."Exceptional Children 68:225-38.
    • (2002) Exceptional Children , vol.68 , pp. 225-238
    • Hosp, J.L.1    Reschly, D.J.2
  • 40
    • 0042073164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Referral Rates for Intervention or Assessment: A Meta-analysis of Racial Differences
    • Hosp, John L. and Daniel J. Reschly. 2003. "Referral Rates for Intervention or Assessment: A Meta-analysis of Racial Differences."Journal of Special Education 37:67-80.
    • (2003) Journal of Special Education , vol.37 , pp. 67-80
    • Hosp, J.L.1    Reschly, D.J.2
  • 41
    • 10044277445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disproportionate Representation of Minority Students in Special Education: Academic, Demographic, and Economic Predictors
    • Hosp, John L. and Daniel J. Reschly. 2004. "Disproportionate Representation of Minority Students in Special Education: Academic, Demographic, and Economic Predictors."Exceptional Children 70:185-99.
    • (2004) Exceptional Children , vol.70 , pp. 185-199
    • Hosp, J.L.1    Reschly, D.J.2
  • 42
    • 0015309235 scopus 로고
    • Labels and Stigma in Special Education
    • Jones, Reginald L. 1972. "Labels and Stigma in Special Education."Exceptional Children 38:553-64.
    • (1972) Exceptional Children , vol.38 , pp. 553-564
    • Jones, R.L.1
  • 43
    • 0034758491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of Reading Disability in a Population-based Birth Cohort, 1976-1982, Rochester, Minn
    • Katusic, Slavika K., Robert C. Colligan, William J. Barbaresi, Daniel J. Schaid, and Steven J. Jacobsen. 2001. "Incidence of Reading Disability in a Population-based Birth Cohort, 1976-1982, Rochester, Minn."Mayo Clinical Proceedings 76:1081-92.
    • (2001) Mayo Clinical Proceedings , vol.76 , pp. 1081-1092
    • Katusic, S.K.1    Colligan, R.C.2    Barbaresi, W.J.3    Schaid, D.J.4    Jacobsen, S.J.5
  • 44
    • 78149377094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Larry P. v. Riles, 1306 (N.D. Ca. 1972) (order granting preliminary injunction), aff'd, 502 F.2d 963 (9th Cir. 1974) 495 F. Supp. 926 (N.D. Ca. 1979) (decision on merits), aff'd, No. 80-427 (9th Cir. Jan 23, 1984), No. C-712270 RFP (Sept. 25, 1986) (order modifying judgment)
    • Larry P. v. Riles, 1306 (N.D. Ca. 1972) (order granting preliminary injunction), aff'd, 502 F.2d 963 (9th Cir. 1974) 495 F. Supp. 926 (N.D. Ca. 1979) (decision on merits), aff'd, No. 80-427 (9th Cir. Jan 23, 1984), No. C-712270 RFP (Sept. 25, 1986) (order modifying judgment).
  • 46
    • 0032396299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overrepresentation of Minority Students: The Case of Greater Specificity or Reconsideration of the Variables Examined
    • MacMillan, Donald L. and Daniel J. Reschly. 1998. "Overrepresentation of Minority Students: The Case of Greater Specificity or Reconsideration of the Variables Examined."Journal of Special Education 32:15-24.
    • (1998) Journal of Special Education , vol.32 , pp. 15-24
    • MacMillan, D.L.1    Reschly, D.J.2
  • 47
    • 33846254986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preschool Predictors of the Need for Early Remedial and Special Education Services
    • Mann, Emily A., Kathleen McCartney, and Jennifer M. Park. 2007. "Preschool Predictors of the Need for Early Remedial and Special Education Services."Elementary School Journal 107:273-85.
    • (2007) Elementary School Journal , vol.107 , pp. 273-285
    • Mann, E.A.1    McCartney, K.2    Park, J.M.3
  • 49
    • 0011669194 scopus 로고
    • In Defense of Racially and Culturally Nondiscriminatory Assessment
    • Mercer, Jane R. 1979. "In Defense of Racially and Culturally Nondiscriminatory Assessment."School Psychology Digest 8:89-115.
    • (1979) School Psychology Digest , vol.8 , pp. 89-115
    • Mercer, J.R.1
  • 50
    • 73549120212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Propensity Score Matching Analysis of the Effects of Special Education Services
    • Morgan, Paul L., Michelle L. Frisco, George Farkas, and Jacob Hibel. 2010. "A Propensity Score Matching Analysis of the Effects of Special Education Services."Journal of Special Education 43:236-54.
    • (2010) Journal of Special Education , vol.43 , pp. 236-254
    • Morgan, P.L.1    Frisco, M.L.2    Farkas, G.3    Hibel, J.4
  • 52
    • 2542630199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schools Make a Difference: The Overrepresentation of African American Youth in Special Education and the Juvenile Justice System
    • in, edited by D. J. Losen and G. Orfield, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Osher, David, Darren Woodruff, and Anthony E. Sims. 2002. "Schools Make a Difference: The Overrepresentation of African American Youth in Special Education and the Juvenile Justice System."Pp. 93-116 in Racial Inequality in Special Education, edited by D. J. Losen and G. Orfield. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (2002) Racial Inequality in Special Education , pp. 93-116
    • Osher, D.1    Woodruff, D.2    Sims, A.E.3
  • 53
    • 13544265692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the Special Education Identification Rates of Boys and Girls: A Call for Research and Change
    • Oswald, Donald P., Al M. Best, Martha J. Coutinho, and Heather A. L. Nagle. 2003. "Trends in the Special Education Identification Rates of Boys and Girls: A Call for Research and Change."Exceptionality 11:223-37.
    • (2003) Exceptionality , vol.11 , pp. 223-237
    • Oswald, D.P.1    Best, A.M.2    Coutinho, M.J.3    Nagle, H.A.L.4
  • 54
    • 0037508327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community and School Predictors of Overrepresentation of Minority Children in Special Education
    • in, edited by D. J. Losen and G. Orfield, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • Oswald, Donald P., Martha J. Coutinho, and Al M. Best. 2002. "Community and School Predictors of Overrepresentation of Minority Children in Special Education."Pp. 1-15 in Racial Inequality in Special Education, edited by D. J. Losen and G. Orfield. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (2002) Racial Inequality in Special Education , pp. 1-15
    • Oswald, D.P.1    Coutinho, M.J.2    Best, A.M.3
  • 55
    • 0033248115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic Representation in Special Education: The Influence of School-related Economic and Demographic Variables
    • Oswald, Donald P., Martha J. Coutinho, Al M. Best, and Nirbhay N. Singh. 1999. "Ethnic Representation in Special Education: The Influence of School-related Economic and Demographic Variables."Journal of Special Education 32:194-206.
    • (1999) Journal of Special Education , vol.32 , pp. 194-206
    • Oswald, D.P.1    Coutinho, M.J.2    Best, A.M.3    Singh, N.N.4
  • 56
    • 0031503138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School-to-work Transitions for Youth with Disabilities: A Review of Outcomes and Practices
    • Phelps, L. Allen and Cheryl Hanley-Maxwell. 1997. "School-to-work Transitions for Youth with Disabilities: A Review of Outcomes and Practices."Review of Educational Research 67:197-226.
    • (1997) Review of Educational Research , vol.67 , pp. 197-226
    • Phelps, L.A.1    Hanley-Maxwell, C.2
  • 57
    • 0002552569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family Background, Parenting Practices, and the Black-White Test Score Gap
    • in, edited by C. Jencks and M. Phillips, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press
    • Phillips, Meredith, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Greg J. Duncan, Pamela Klebanov, and Jonathan Crane. 1998. "Family Background, Parenting Practices, and the Black-White Test Score Gap."Pp. 103-48 in The Black-White Test Score Gap, edited by C. Jencks and M. Phillips. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
    • (1998) The Black-White Test Score Gap , pp. 103-148
    • Phillips, M.1    Brooks-Gunn, J.2    Duncan, G.J.3    Klebanov, P.4    Crane, J.5
  • 58
    • 0002344593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Multivariate Technique for Multiply Imputing Missing Values Using a Sequence of Regression Models
    • Raghunathan, Trivellore E., James M. Lepkowski, John VanHoewyk, and Peter Solenberger. 2001. "A Multivariate Technique for Multiply Imputing Missing Values Using a Sequence of Regression Models."Survey Methodology 27:85-95.
    • (2001) Survey Methodology , vol.27 , pp. 85-95
    • Raghunathan, T.E.1    Lepkowski, J.M.2    VanHoewyk, J.3    Solenberger, P.4
  • 60
    • 0346462964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special Education and School Achievement: An Exploratory Analysis with a Central-city Sample
    • Reynolds, Arthur J. and Barbara Wolfe. 1999. "Special Education and School Achievement: An Exploratory Analysis with a Central-city Sample."Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 21:249-69.
    • (1999) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , vol.21 , pp. 249-269
    • Reynolds, A.J.1    Wolfe, B.2
  • 61
    • 84965632102 scopus 로고
    • Social Implications of Ability Grouping
    • in Vol. edited by D. C. Berliner, Itasca, IL: American Educational Research Association
    • Rosenbaum, James E. 1980. "Social Implications of Ability Grouping."Pp. 361-401 in Review of Research in Education. Vol. 7, edited by D. C. Berliner. Itasca, IL: American Educational Research Association.
    • (1980) Review of Research in Education , vol.7 , pp. 361-401
    • Rosenbaum, J.E.1
  • 62
    • 0001354633 scopus 로고
    • Formalizing Subjective Notion about the Effect of Nonresponse in Sample Surveys
    • Rubin, Donald B. 1977. "Formalizing Subjective Notion about the Effect of Nonresponse in Sample Surveys."Journal of the American Statistical Association 72:538-43.
    • (1977) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.72 , pp. 538-543
    • Rubin, D.B.1
  • 65
    • 84965781596 scopus 로고
    • Disproportionate Representation of African Americans in Emotionally Handicapped Classes
    • Serwatka, Thomas S., Sharian Deering, and Patrick Grant. 1995. "Disproportionate Representation of African Americans in Emotionally Handicapped Classes."Journal of Black Studies 25:492-506.
    • (1995) Journal of Black Studies , vol.25 , pp. 492-506
    • Serwatka, T.S.1    Deering, S.2    Grant, P.3
  • 66
    • 33746436204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparate Access: The Disproportionality of African American Students with Disabilities across Educational Environments
    • Skiba, Russell J., Lori Poloni-Staudinger, Sarah Gallini, Ada B. Simmons, and Renae Feggins-Azziz. 2006a. "Disparate Access: The Disproportionality of African American Students with Disabilities across Educational Environments."Exceptional Children 72:411-24.
    • (2006) Exceptional Children , vol.72 , pp. 411-424
    • Skiba, R.J.1    Poloni-Staudinger, L.2    Gallini, S.3    Simmons, A.B.4    Feggins-Azziz, R.5
  • 69
    • 33745289570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Context of Minority Disproportionality: Practitioner Perspectives on Special Education Referral
    • Skiba, Russell J., Ada B. Simmons, Shana Ritter, Kristin Kohler, Michelle Henderson, and Tony Wu. 2006b. "The Context of Minority Disproportionality: Practitioner Perspectives on Special Education Referral."Teachers College Record 108:1424-459.
    • (2006) Teachers College Record , vol.108 , pp. 1424-1459
    • Skiba, R.J.1    Simmons, A.B.2    Ritter, S.3    Kohler, K.4    Henderson, M.5    Wu, T.6
  • 70
    • 0002693153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of Living in Poverty for Young Children's Cognitive and Verbal Ability and Early School Achievement
    • in, edited by G. J. Duncan and J. Brooks-Gunn, New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Smith, Judith R., Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Pamela K. Klebanov. 1997. "Consequences of Living in Poverty for Young Children's Cognitive and Verbal Ability and Early School Achievement."Pp. 132-89 in Consequences of Growing Up Poor, edited by G. J. Duncan and J. Brooks-Gunn. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor , pp. 132-189
    • Smith, J.R.1    Brooks-Gunn, J.2    Klebanov, P.K.3
  • 71
  • 72
    • 33750489083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learningrelated Behaviors, Cognitive Skills, and Ability Grouping When Schooling Begins
    • Tach, Laura M. and George Farkas. 2006. "Learningrelated Behaviors, Cognitive Skills, and Ability Grouping When Schooling Begins."Social Science Research 35:1048-079.
    • (2006) Social Science Research , vol.35 , pp. 1048-1079
    • Tach, L.M.1    Farkas, G.2
  • 75
    • 41849099096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics., ". "Retrieved July 19, 2007
    • U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. 2007. " The Nation's Report Card."Retrieved July 19, 2007 (http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/).
    • (2007) The Nation's Report Card


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.