Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

Volumn 7, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Noreen, Eric E ^a   Sass, Michael J ^a   Crowe, Megan L ^a   Pabon, Vanessa A ^a   Brandauer, Josef ^a   Averill, Lindsay K ^a  

^a GETTYSBURG COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS;

EID: 77957582054     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15502783     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-31     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Astrup A, Buemann B, Flint A, Raben A. Low-fat diets and energy balance: how does the evidence stand in 2002?. Proc Nutr Soc 2002, 61:299-309. 10.1079/PNS2002149, 12133213.
2. Swinburn B, Ravussin E. Energy balance or fat balance?. Am J Clin Nutr 1993, 57:766S-770S. discussion 770S-771S.
3. Su W, Jones PJ. Dietary fatty acid composition influences energy accretion in rats. J Nutr 1993, 123:2109-2114.
4. Baillie RA, Takada R, Nakamura M, Clarke SD. Coordinate induction of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and UCP-3 by dietary fish oil: a mechanism for decreased body fat deposition. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999, 60:351-356. 10.1016/S0952-3278(99)80011-8, 10471120.
5. Hill JO, Peters JC, Lin D, Yakubu F, Greene H, Swift L. Lipid accumulation and body fat distribution is influenced by type of dietary fat fed to rats. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1993, 17:223-236.
6. Belzung F, Raclot T, Groscolas R. Fish oil n-3 fatty acids selectively limit the hypertrophy of abdominal fat depots in growing rats fed high-fat diets. Am J Physiol 1993, 264:R1111-1118.
7. Fickova M, Hubert P, Cremel G, Leray C. Dietary (n-3) and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids rapidly modify fatty acid composition and insulin effects in rat adipocytes. J Nutr 1998, 128:512-519.
8. Jump DB, Clarke SD, Thelen A, Liimatta M. Coordinate regulation of glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Lipid Res 1994, 35:1076-1084.
9. Raclot T, Groscolas R, Langin D, Ferre P. Site-specific regulation of gene expression by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat white adipose tissues. J Lipid Res 1997, 38:1963-1972.
10. Ide T, Kobayashi H, Ashakumary L, Rouyer IA, Takahashi Y, Aoyama T, Hashimoto T, Mizugaki M. Comparative effects of perilla and fish oils on the activity and gene expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000, 1485:23-35.
11. Power GW, Newsholme EA. Dietary fatty acids influence the activity and metabolic control of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in rat heart and skeletal muscle. J Nutr 1997, 127:2142-2150.
12. Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM. Principles of Biochemistry. 1993, Worth Publishers, New York.
13. Willumsen N, Skorve J, Hexeberg S, Rustan AC, Berge RK. The hypotriglyceridemic effect of eicosapentaenoic acid in rats is reflected in increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation followed by diminished lipogenesis. Lipids 1993, 28:683-690. 10.1007/BF02535987, 8377581.
14. Sidossis LS, Stuart CA, Shulman GI, Lopaschuk GD, Wolfe RR. Glucose plus insulin regulate fat oxidation by controlling the rate of fatty acid entry into the mitochondria. J Clin Invest 1996, 98:2244-2250. 10.1172/JCI119034, 507673, 8941640.
15. Madsen L, Rustan AC, Vaagenes H, Berge K, Dyroy E, Berge RK. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid affect mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in relation to substrate preference. Lipids 1999, 34:951-963. 10.1007/s11745-999-0445-x, 10574660.
16. Jaburek M, Varecha M, Gimeno RE, Dembski M, Jezek P, Zhang M, Burn P, Tartaglia LA, Garlid KD. Transport function and regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2 and 3. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:26003-26007. 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26003, 10473545.
17. Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R. Obesity and cortisol. Nutrition 2000, 16:924-936. 10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00422-6, 11054598.
18. Bose M, Olivan B, Laferrere B. Stress and obesity: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in metabolic disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009, 16:340-346. 2858344, 19584720.
19. Geer EB, Shen W, Gallagher D, Punyanitya M, Looker HC, Post KD, Freda PU. MRI Assessment of Lean and Adipose Tissue Distribution in Female Patients with Cushing's Disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010,
20. Delarue J, Matzinger O, Binnert C, Schneiter P, Chiolero R, Tappy L. Fish oil prevents the adrenal activation elicited by mental stress in healthy men. Diabetes Metab 2003, 29:289-295. 10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70039-3, 12909818.
21. Couet C, Delarue P, Autoine JM, Lamisse F. Effect of dietary fish oil on body mass and basal fat oxidation in healthy adults. Int J Obes 1997, 21:637-643.
22. Hill AM, Buckley JD, Murphy KJ, Howe PR. Combining fish-oil supplements with regular aerobic exercise improves body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 85:1267-1274.
23. Thorsdottir I, Tomasson H, Gunnarsdottir I, Gisladottir E, Kiely M, Parra MD, Bandarra NM, Schaafsma G, Martinez JA. Randomized trial of weight-loss-diets for young adults varying in fish and fish oil content. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007, 31:1560-1566. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803643, 17502874.
24. Dempster P, Aitkens S. A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995, 27:1692-1697.
25. Siri WE. Body composition from fluid spaces and density: analysis of methods. Techniques for measuring body composition 1961, 223-244. Washington, DC: National Academeny of Sciences, National Research Council, Brozek J, Henschel A.
26. Zuntz H. Pflugers Arch Physiol 1901, 83:557.
27. Hellhammer DH, Wust S, Kudielka BM. Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009, 34:163-171. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.026, 19095358.
28. Gallagher D, Belmonte D, Deurenberg P, Wang Z, Krasnow N, Pi-Sunyer FX, Heymsfield SB. Organ-tissue mass measurement allows modeling of REE and metabolically active tissue mass. Am J Physiol 1998, 275:E249-258.
29. Illner K, Brinkmann G, Heller M, Bosy-Westphal A, Muller MJ. Metabolically active components of fat free mass and resting energy expenditure in nonobese adults. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000, 278:E308-315.
30. Rodriguez G, Moreno LA, Sarria A, Pineda I, Fleta J, Perez-Gonzalez JM, Bueno M. Determinants of resting energy expenditure in obese and non-obese children and adolescents. J Physiol Biochem 2002, 58:9-15. 10.1007/BF03179833, 12222749.
31. Bosy-Westphal A, Eichhorn C, Kutzner D, Illner K, Heller M, Muller MJ. The age-related decline in resting energy expenditure in humans is due to the loss of fat-free mass and to alterations in its metabolically active components. J Nutr 2003, 133:2356-2362.
32. Byrne HK, Wilmore JH. The effects of a 20-week exercise training program on resting metabolic rate in previously sedentary, moderately obese women. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2001, 11:15-31.
33. Horner NK, Lampe JW, Patterson RE, Neuhouser ML, Beresford SA, Prentice RL. Indirect calorimetry protocol development for measuring resting metabolic rate as a component of total energy expenditure in free-living postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2001, 131:2215-2218.
34. Petros S, Engelmann L. Validity of an abbreviated indirect calorimetry protocol for measurement of resting energy expenditure in mechanically ventilated and spontaneously breathing critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2001, 27:1164-1168. 10.1007/s001340100941, 11534564.
35. Huffman DM, Michaelson JL, Thomas TR. Chronic supplementation with fish oil increases fat oxidation during exercise in young men. JEPonline 2004, 7.
36. Delarue J, Couet C, Cohen R, Brechot JF, Antoine JM, Lamisse F. Effects of fish oil on metabolic responses to oral fructose and glucose loads in healthy humans. Am J Physiol 1996, 270:E353-362.
37. Schoeller DA, Bandini LG, Dietz WH. Inaccuracies in self-reported intake identified by comparison with the doubly labelled water method. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1990, 68:941-949.
38. Saltzman E, Dallal GE, Roberts SB. Effect of high-fat and low-fat diets on voluntary energy intake and substrate oxidation: studies in identical twins consuming diets matched for energy density, fiber, and palatability. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 66:1332-1339.
39. Parra D, Ramel A, Bandarra N, Kiely M, Martinez JA, Thorsdottir I. A diet rich in long chain omega-3 fatty acids modulates satiety in overweight and obese volunteers during weight loss. Appetite 2008, 51:676-680. 10.1016/j.appet.2008.06.003, 18602429.
40. Calder PC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006, 75:197-202. 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.05.012, 16828270.
41. Llovera M, Garcia-Martinez C, Lopez-Soriano J, Carbo N, Agell N, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Argiles JM. Role of TNF receptor 1 in protein turnover during cancer cachexia using gene knockout mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998, 142:183-189. 10.1016/S0303-7207(98)00105-1, 9783914.
42. Llovera M, Carbo N, Lopez-Soriano J, Garcia-Martinez C, Busquets S, Alvarez B, Agell N, Costelli P, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Celada A, Argiles JM. Different cytokines modulate ubiquitin gene expression in rat skeletal muscle. Cancer Lett 1998, 133:83-87. 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00216-X, 9929164.
43. Llovera M, Garcia-Martinez C, Lopez-Soriano J, Agell N, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Garcia I, Argiles JM. Protein turnover in skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing transgenic mice overexpressing the soluble TNF receptor-1. Cancer Lett 1998, 130:19-27. 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00137-2, 9751252.
44. Llovera M, Garcia-Martinez C, Agell N, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Argiles JM. TNF can directly induce the expression of ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in rat soleus muscles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 230:238-241. 10.1006/bbrc.1996.5827, 9016756.
45. Llovera M, Carbo N, Garcia-Martinez C, Costelli P, Tessitore L, Baccino FM, Agell N, Bagby GJ, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Argiles JM. Anti-TNF treatment reverts increased muscle ubiquitin gene expression in tumour-bearing rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996, 221:653-655. 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0651, 8630016.
46. Brillon DJ, Zheng B, Campbell RG, Matthews DE. Effect of cortisol on energy expenditure and amino acid metabolism in humans. Am J Physiol 1995, 268:E501-513.
47. Simmons PS, Miles JM, Gerich JE, Haymond MW. Increased proteolysis. An effect of increases in plasma cortisol within the physiologic range. J Clin Invest 1984, 73:412-420. 10.1172/JCI111227, 425032, 6365973.
48. Paddon-Jones D, Sheffield-Moore M, Cree MG, Hewlings SJ, Aarsland A, Wolfe RR, Ferrando AA. Atrophy and impaired muscle protein synthesis during prolonged inactivity and stress. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91:4836-4841. 10.1210/jc.2006-0651, 16984982.
49. Paddon-Jones D, Sheffield-Moore M, Creson DL, Sanford AP, Wolf SE, Wolfe RR, Ferrando AA. Hypercortisolemia alters muscle protein anabolism following ingestion of essential amino acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003, 284:E946-953.
50. Wigmore SJ, Fearon KC, Maingay JP, Ross JA. Down-regulation of the acute-phase response in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia receiving oral eicosapentaenoic acid is mediated via suppression of interleukin-6. Clin Sci (Lond) 1997, 92:215-221.
51. Bethin KE, Vogt SK, Muglia LJ. Interleukin-6 is an essential, corticotropin-releasing hormone-independent stimulator of the adrenal axis during immune system activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:9317-9322. 10.1073/pnas.97.16.9317, 16865, 10922080.
52. Steensberg A, Fischer CP, Keller C, Moller K, Pedersen BK. IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003, 285:E433-437.
53. Epel ES, McEwen B, Seeman T, Matthews K, Castellazzo G, Brownell KD, Bell J, Ickovics JR. Stress and body shape: stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosom Med 2000, 62:623-632.
54. Korbonits M, Trainer PJ, Nelson ML, Howse I, Kopelman PG, Besser GM, Grossman AB, Svec F. Differential stimulation of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone levels by food in obese and normal subjects: relation to body fat distribution. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996, 45:699-706. 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1996.8550865.x, 9039335.
55. Rosmond R, Bjorntorp P. Occupational status, cortisol secretory pattern, and visceral obesity in middle-aged men. Obes Res 2000, 8:445-450. 10.1038/oby.2000.55, 11011911.
56. Rosmond R, Dallman MF, Bjorntorp P. Stress-related cortisol secretion in men: relationships with abdominal obesity and endocrine, metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83:1853-1859. 10.1210/jc.83.6.1853, 9626108.
57. Vogelzangs N, Beekman AT, Dik MG, Bremmer MA, Comijs HC, Hoogendijk WJ, Deeg DJ, Penninx BW. Late-life depression, cortisol, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009, 17:716-721. 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181aad5d7, 19625789.
58. Wallerius S, Rosmond R, Ljung T, Holm G, Bjorntorp P. Rise in morning saliva cortisol is associated with abdominal obesity in men: a preliminary report. J Endocrinol Invest 2003, 26:616-619.
59. Purnell JQ, Kahn SE, Samuels MH, Brandon D, Loriaux DL, Brunzell JD. Enhanced cortisol production rates, free cortisol, and 11beta-HSD-1 expression correlate with visceral fat and insulin resistance in men: effect of weight loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009, 296:E351-357. 10.1152/ajpendo.90769.2008, 2645022, 19050176.
60. Schoorlemmer RM, Peeters GM, van Schoor NM, Lips P. Relationships between cortisol level, mortality and chronic diseases in older persons. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009, 71:779-786. 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03552.x, 19226268.