Controlled wrinkling as a novel method for the fabrication of patterned surfaces

Advances in Polymer Science

Volumn 227, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 75-99

  Schweikart, Alexandra ^a   Horn, Anne ^a   Böker, Alexander ^a   Fery, Andreas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Arrays; Assembled monolayers; Buckling instability; Colloidal crystallization; Deformation; Elastomeric polymer; Mechanical properties; Patterns; Polydimethylsiloxane; Polyelectrolytemultilayer films; Polymer brushes; Self assembly; Soft lithography; Surfaces; Thin film; Thin films; Tobaccomosaic virus; wrinkling

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957353567     PISSN: 00653195     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/12-2009-22     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Hoogenboom JP, Retif C, de Bres E, de Boer MV, van Langen-Suurling AK, Romijn J, van Blaaderen A (2004) Template-induced growth of close-packed and non-close-packed colloidal crystals during solvent evaporation. Nano Lett 4:205-208
2. Hoogenboom JP, van Langen-Suurling AK, Romijn J, van Blaaderen A (2003) Hard-sphere crystals with hcp and non-close-packed structure grown by colloidal epitaxy. Phys Rev Lett 90:1-4
3. Hoogenboom JP, van Langen-Suurling AK, Romijn J, van Blaaderen A (2004) Epitaxial growth of a colloidal hard-sphere hcp crystal and the effects of epitaxial mismatch on crystal structure. Phys Rev E 69:051602-051617
4. Hynninen AP, Thijssen JHJ, Vermolen ECM, Dijkstra M, Van Blaaderen A (2007) Self-assembly route for photonic crystals with a bandgap in the visible region. Nat Mater 6:202-205
5. van Blaaderen A (2004) Colloids under external control. MRS Bull 29:85-90
6. van Blaaderen A, Hoogenboom JP, Vossen DLJ, Yethiraj A, van der Horst A, Visscher K, Dogterom M (2003) Colloidal epitaxy: playing with the boundary conditions of colloidal crystallization. Faraday Discuss 123:107-119
7. Vossen DLJ, Fific D, Penninkhof J, van Dillen T, Polman A, van Blaaderen A (2005) Combined optical tweezers/ion beam technique to tune colloidal masks for nanolithography. Nano Lett 5:1175-1179
8. Bechert DW, Bruse M, Hage W (2000) Experiments with three-dimensional riblets as an idealized model of shark skin. Exp Fluids 28:403-412
9. Reif WE (1985) Morphology and hydrodynamic effects of the scales of fast swimming sharks. Fortschr Zool 30:483-485
10. Wainwright SA, Vosburgh F, Hebrank JH (1978) Shark skin-function in locomotion. Science 202:747-749
11. Barthlott W, Neinhuis C (1997) Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces. Planta 202:1-8
12. Furstner R, Barthlott W, Neinhuis C, Walzel P (2005) Wetting and self-cleaning properties of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces. Langmuir 21:956-961
13. Neinhuis C, Barthlott W (1997) Characterization and distribution of water-repellent, self-cleaning plant surfaces. Ann Bot 79:667-677
14. del Campo A, Arzt E (2008) Fabrication approaches for generating complex micro-and nanopatterns on polymeric surfaces. Chem Rev 108:911-945
15. Bowden N, Brittain S, Evans AG, Hutchinson JW, Whitesides GM (1998) Spontaneous formation of ordered structures in thin films of metals supported on an elastomeric polymer. Nature 393:146-149
16. Bowden N, Huck WTS, Paul KE, Whitesides GM (1999) The controlled formation of ordered, sinusoidal structures by plasma oxidation of an elastomeric polymer. Appl Phys Lett 75: 2557-2559
17. Chua DBH, Ng HT, Li SFY (2000) Spontaneous formation of complex and ordered structures on oxygen-plasma-treated elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane. Appl Phys Lett 76:721-723
18. Genzer J, Groenewold J (2006) Soft matter with hard skin: from skin wrinkles to templating and material characterization. Soft Matter 2:310-323
19. Huck WTS, Bowden N, Onck P, Pardoen T, Hutchinson JW, Whitesides GM (2000) Ordering of spontaneously formed buckles on planar surfaces. Langmuir 16:3497-3501
20. Volynskii AL, Bazhenov S, Lebedeva OV, Bakeev NF (2000) Mechanical buckling instability of thin coatings deposited on soft polymer substrates. J Mater Sci 35:547-554
21. Bandyopadhyay D, Sharma A, Shankar V (2008) Instabilities and pattern miniaturization in confined and free elastic-viscous bilayers. J Chem Phys 128:154909-154912
22. Cerda E, Mahadevan L (2003) Geometry and physics of wrinkling. Phys Rev Lett 90:1-4
23. Cerda E, Ravi-Chandar K, Mahadevan L (2002) Thin films-wrinkling of an elastic sheet under tension. Nature 419:579-580
24. Chen X, Hutchinson JW (2004) Herringbone buckling patterns of compressed thin films on compliant substrates. J Appl Mech 71:597-603
25. Groenewold J (2001) Wrinkling of plates coupled with soft elastic media. Physica A 298: 32-45
26. Huang ZY, Hong W, Suo Z (2004) Evolution of wrinkles in hard films on soft substrates. Phys Rev E 70:030601-030604
27. Im SH, Huang R (2008) Wrinkle patterns of anisotropic crystal films on viscoelastic substrates. J Mech Phys Solids 56:3315-3330
28. Lin PC, Yang S (2007) Spontaneous formation of one-dimensional ripples in transit to highly ordered two-dimensional herringbone structures through sequential and unequal biaxial mechanical stretching. Appl Phys Lett 90:241903
29. Mei HX, Huang R, Chung JY, Stafford CM, Yu HH (2007) Buckling modes of elastic thin films on elastic substrates. Appl Phys Lett 90:151902-151903
30. Sridhar N, Srolovitz DJ, Suo Z (2001) Kinetics of buckling of a compressed film on a viscous substrate. Appl Phys Lett 78:2482-2484
31. Biot MA (1937) Bending of an infinite beam on an elastic foundation. J Appl Mech 4:A-1
32. Biot MA (1965) Mechanics of incremental deformation. Wiley, New York
33. Landau LD, Lifshitz EM (1965) Theorie of elasticity. Butterworth- Heinemann, Moscow
34. Yoo PJ, Lee HH (2008) Complex pattern formation by adhesion-controlled anisotropic wrinkling. Langmuir 24:6897-6902
35. Singamaneni S, Bertoldi K, Chang S, Jang JH, Thomas EL, Boyce MC, Tsukruk VV (2009) Instabilities and pattern transformation in periodic, porous elastoplastic solid coatings. Appl Mater Interfaces 1:42-47
36. Singamaneni S, Bertoldi K, Chang S, Jang JH, Young SL, Thomas EL, Boyce MC, Tsukruk VV (2009) Bifurcated mechanical behavior of deformed periodic porous solids. Adv Funct Mater 19:1426-1436
37. Zhang Y, Matsumoto EA, Peter A, Lin PC, Kamien RD, Yang S (2008) One-step nanoscale assembly of complex structures via harnessing of elastic instability. Nano Lett 8:1192-1196
38. Lu C, Möhwald H, Fery A (2008) Large-scale regioselective formation of well-defined wrinkles of multilayered films via embossing. Chem Mater 20:7052-7059
39. Martin GC, Su TT, Loh IH, Balizer E, Kowel ST, Kornreich P (1982) The metallization of silicone polymers in the rubbery and the glassy state. J Appl Phys 53:797-799
40. Efimenko K, Wallace WE, Genzer J (2002) Surface modification of Sylgard-184 poly(dimethyl siloxane) networks by ultraviolet and ultraviolet/ozone treatment. J Colloid Interface Sci 254:306-315
41. Khang DY, Jiang HQ, Huang Y, Rogers JA (2006) A stretchable form of single-crystal silicon for high-performance electronics on rubber substrates. Science 311:208-212
42. Khang DY, Rogers JA, Lee HH (2009) Mechanical buckling: mechanics, metrology, and stretchable electronics. Adv Funct Mater 19:1526-1536
43. Ouyang M, Yuan C, Muisener RJ, Boulares A, Koberstein JT (2000) Conversion of some siloxane polymers to silicon oxide by UV/ozone photochemical processes. Chem Mater 12:1591-1596
44. Genzer J, Efimenko K (2000) Creating long-lived superhydrophobic polymer surfaces through mechanically assembled monolayers. Science 290:2130-2133
45. Efimenko K, Genzer J (2001) How to prepare tunable planar molecular chemical gradients. Adv Mater 13:1560-1563
46. Efimenko K, Rackaitis M, Manias E, Vaziri A, Mahadevan L, Genzer J (2005) Nested self-similar wrinkling patterns in skins. Nat Mater 4:293-297
47. Lin CB, Lin CC, Lee S, Chou YT (2008) The effect of dislocations on crack propagation in wrinkled gold film deposited on polydimethylsiloxane. J Appl Phys 104:016106.1-016106.3
48. Pretzl M, Schweikart A, Hanske C, Chiche A, Zettl U, Horn A, Boker A, Fery A (2008) A lithography-free pathway for chemical microstructuring of macromolecules from aqueous solution based on wrinkling. Langmuir 24:12748-12753
49. Chiche A, Stafford CM, Cabral JT (2008) Complex micropatterning of periodic structures on elastomeric surfaces. Soft Matter 4:2360-2364
50. Huang R (2005) Kinetic wrinkling of an elastic film on a viscoelastic substrate. J Mech Phys Solids 53:63-89
51. Jiang HQ, Khang DY, Song JZ, Sun YG, Huang YG, Rogers JA (2007) Finite deformation mechanics in buckled thin films on compliant supports. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 104: 15607-15612
52. Huang ZY, Hong W, Suo Z (2005) Nonlinear analyses of wrinkles in a film bonded to a compliant substrate. J Mech Phys Solids 53:2101-2118
53. Harrison C, Stafford CM, Zhang WH, Karim A (2004) Sinusoidal phase grating created by a tunably buckled surface. Appl Phys Lett 85:4016-4018
54. Stafford CM, Harrison C, Beers KL, Karim A, Amis EJ, Vanlandingham MR, Kim HC, Volksen W, Miller RD, Simonyi EE (2004) A buckling-based metrology for measuring the elastic moduli of polymeric thin films. Nat Mater 3:545-550
55. Bertrand P, Jonas A, Laschewsky A, Legras R (2000) Ultrathin polymer coatings by complex-ation of polyelectrolytes at interfaces: suitable materials, structure and properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 21:319-348
56. Decher G (1997) Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science 277:1232-1237
57. Decher G, Hong JD, Schmitt J (1992) Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process. 3. Consecutively alternating adsorption of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes on charged surfaces. Thin Solid Films 210:831-835
58. Picart C, Bernard S, Sengupta K, Dubreuil F, Fery A (2007) Measuring mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films: novel methods based on AFM and optical techniques. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 303:30-36
59. Lu C, Donch I, Nolte M, Fery A (2006) Au nanoparticle-based multilayer ultrathin films with covalently linked nanostructures: spraying layer-by-layer assembly and mechanical property characterization. Chem Mater 18:6204-6210
60. Jiang CY, Wang XY, Gunawidjaja R, Lin YH, Gupta MK, Kaplan DL, Naik RR, Tsukruk VV (2007) Mechanical properties of robust ultrathin silk fibroin films. Adv Funct Mater 17: 2229-2237
61. Huang H, Chung JY, Nolte AJ, Stafford CM (2007) Characterizing polymer brushes via surface wrinkling. Chem Mater 19:6555-6560
62. Karade Y, Pihan SA, Brunger WH, Dietzel A, Berger R, Graf K (2009) Determination of crosslink density in ion-irradiated polystyrene surfaces from rippling. Langmuir 25:3108-3114
63. Jiang C, Singamaneni S, Merrick E, Tsukruk VV (2006) Complex buckling instability patterns of nanomembranes with encapsulated gold nanoparticle arrays. Nano Lett 6:2254-2259
64. Dönch I (2008) Mechanische eigenschaften von polyelektolyt- multilagen bei verschiedenen ladungsdichten und hydratationszuständen. Potsdam, GermanyBlockcopolymers were a gift from Laschewsky and Ott FIfAPR. Golm, Germany
65. Nolte AJ, Cohen RE, Rubner MF (2006) A two-plate buckling technique for thin film modulus measurements: applications to polyelectrolyte multilayers. Macromolecules 39:4841-4847
66. Nolte AJ, Rubner MF, Cohen RE (2005) Determining the Young's modulus of polyelec-trolyte multilayer films via stress-induced mechanical buckling instabilities. Macromolecules 38:5367-5370
67. Jiang XY, Takayama S, Qian XP, Ostuni E, Wu HK, Bowden N, LeDuc P, Ingber DE, Whitesides GM (2002) Controlling mammalian cell spreading and cytoskeletal arrangement with conveniently fabricated continuous wavy features on poly(dimethylsiloxane). Langmuir 18:3273-3280
68. Uttayarat P, Toworfe GK, Dietrich F, Lelkes PI, Composto RJ (2005) Topographic guidance of endothelial cells on silicone surfaces with micro-to nanogrooves: orientation of actin filaments and focal adhesions. J Biomed Mater Res 75A:668-680
69. Lu CH, Mohwald H, Fery A (2007) A lithography-free method for directed colloidal crystal assembly based on wrinkling. Soft Matter 3:1530-1536
70. Allard M, Sargent EH, Lewis PC, Kumacheva E (2004) Colloidal crystals grown on patterned surfaces. Adv Mater 16:1360-1364
71. Cui Y, Bjork MT, Liddle JA, Sonnichsen C, Boussert B, Alivisatos AP (2004) Integration of colloidal nanocrystals into lithographically patterned devices. Nano Lett 4:1093-1098
72. Dziomkina NV, Vancso GJ (2005) Colloidal crystal assembly on topologically patterned templates. Soft Matter 1:265-279
73. Juillerat F, Solak HH, Bowen P, Hofmann H (2005) Fabrication of large-area ordered arrays of nanoparticles on patterned substrates. Nanotechnology 16:1311-1316
74. Maury P, Escalante M, Reinhoudt DN, Huskens J (2005) Directed assembly of nanoparticles onto polymer-imprinted or chemically patterned templates fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. Adv Mater 17:2718-2723
75. Ozin GA, Yang SM (2001) The race for the photonic chip: colloidal crystal assembly in silicon wafers. Adv Funct Mater 11:95-104
76. vanBlaaderen A, Ruel R, Wiltzius P (1997) Template-directed colloidal crystallization. Nature 385:321-324
77. Varghese B, Cheong FC, Sindhu S, Yu T, Lim CT, Valiyaveettil S, Sow CH (2006) Size selective assembly of colloidal particles on a template by directed self-assembly technique. Langmuir 22:8248-8252
78. Winkleman A, Gates BD, McCarty LS, Whitesides GM (2005) Directed self-assembly of spherical particles on patterned electrodes by an applied electric field. Adv Mater 17: 1507-1511
79. Xia DY, Brueck SRJ (2004) A facile approach to directed assembly of patterns of nanoparticles using interference lithography and spin coating. Nano Lett 4:1295-1299
80. Aizenberg J, Braun PV, Wiltzius P (2000) Patterned colloidal deposition controlled by electrostatic and capillary forces. Phys Rev Lett 84:2997-3000
81. Chen KM, Jiang XP, Kimerling LC, Hammond PT (2000) Selective self-organization of colloids on patterned polyelectrolyte templates. Langmuir 16:7825-7834
82. Jonas U, del Campo A, Kruger C, Glasser G, Boos D (2002) Colloidal assemblies on patterned silane layers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5034-5039
83. Decher G, Schlenoff JB (2003) Multilayer thin films. Wiley, Weinheim
84. Horn A, Schoberth HG, Hiltl S, Chiche A, Wang Q, Schweikart A, Fery A, Böker A (2009) Nanostructured wrinkled surfaces for templating bionanoparticles. Faraday Discuss. 143:143-150
85. Knez M, Sumser MP, Bittner AM, Wege C, Jeske H, Hoffmann DM, Kuhnke K, Kern K (2004) Binding the tobacco mosaic virus to inorganic surfaces. Langmuir 20:441-447
86. Kuncicky DM, Naik RR, Velev OD (2006) Rapid deposition and long-range alignment of nanocoatings and arrays of electrically conductive wires from tobacco mosaic virus. Small 2:1462-1466
87. Radloff C, Vaia RA, Brunton J, Bouwer GT, Ward VK (2005) Metal nanoshell assembly on a virus bioscaffold. Nano Lett 5:1187-1191
88. Royston E, Lee SY, Culver JN, Harris MT (2006) Characterization of silica-coated tobacco mosaic virus. J Colloid Interface Sci 298:706-712
89. Soto CM, Blum AS, Wilson CD, Lazorcik J, Kim M, Gnade B, Ratna BR (2004) Separation and recovery of intact gold-virus complex by agarose electrophoresis and electroelution: application to the purification of cowpea mosaic virus and colloidal gold complex. Electrophoresis 25:2901-2906
90. Wargacki SP, Pate B, Vaia RA (2008) Fabrication of 2D ordered films of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): processing morphology correlations for convective assembly. Langmuir 24: 5439-5444
91. Yoo PJ, Nam KT, Belcher AM, Hammond PT (2008) Solvent-assisted patterning of polyelec-trolyte multilayers and selective deposition of virus assemblies. Nano Lett 8:1081-1089
92. Chung S, Lee JH, Moon MW, Han J, Kamm RD (2008) Non-lithographic wrinkle nanochan-nels for protein preconcentration. Adv Mater 20:3011-3016
93. Kumar A, Whitesides GM (1994) Patterned condensation figures as optical diffraction gratings. Science 263:60-62
94. Whitesides GM, Ostuni E, Takayama S, Jiang XY, Ingber DE (2001) Soft lithography in biology and biochemistry. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 3:335-373
95. Xia YN, Whitesides GM (1998) Soft lithography. Angew Chem Int Ed 37:551-575
96. Pompe T, Fery A, Herminghaus S, Kriele A, Lorenz H, Kotthaus JP (1999) Submicron contact printing on silicon using stamp pads. Langmuir 15:2398-2401
97. Xia YN, Rogers JA, Paul KE, Whitesides GM (1999) Unconventional methods for fabricating and patterning nanostructures. Chem Rev 99:1823-1848