메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 199-217

Cognitive presence and online learner engagement: A cluster analysis of the community of inquiry framework

Author keywords

Community of inquiry; Online learning; Study

Indexed keywords


EID: 77956284477     PISSN: 10421726     EISSN: 18671233     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12528-009-9024-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (52)
  • 3
    • 3042693166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting the mix right: An updated and theoretical rational for interaction
    • Retrieved 10 July 2009 from
    • Anderson, T. (2003). Getting the mix right: An updated and theoretical rational for interaction. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 4(2). Retrieved 10 July 2009 from http://www. irrodl. org/index. php/irrodl/article/view/149/708.
    • (2003) International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning , vol.4 , Issue.2
    • Anderson, T.1
  • 5
    • 33644694244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does "teaching presence" exist in online MBA courses?
    • Arbaugh, J. B., & Hwang, A. (2006). Does "teaching presence" exist in online MBA courses? The Internet and Higher Education, 9(1), 9-21.
    • (2006) The Internet and Higher Education , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-21
    • Arbaugh, J.B.1    Hwang, A.2
  • 7
    • 0003851454 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Dewey, J. (1959). School and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1959) School and Society
    • Dewey, J.1
  • 8
    • 34249004513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two methods for assessing critical thinking in computer-mediated communications (CMC) transcripts
    • Available from
    • Fahy, P. J. (2005). Two methods for assessing critical thinking in computer-mediated communications (CMC) transcripts. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning. Available from http://www. itdl. org/Journal/Mar_05/article02. htm.
    • (2005) International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning
    • Fahy, P.J.1
  • 9
    • 27644532404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive presence for effective asynchronous online learning: The role of reflective inquiry, self-direction and metacognition
    • J. Bourne and J. C. Moore (Eds.), Needham, MA: The Sloan Consortium
    • Garrison, D. R. (2003). Cognitive presence for effective asynchronous online learning: The role of reflective inquiry, self-direction and metacognition. In J. Bourne & J. C. Moore (Eds.), Elements of quality online education: Practice and direction. Volume 4 in the Sloan C Series. Needham, MA: The Sloan Consortium.
    • (2003) Elements of Quality Online Education: Practice and Direction. Volume 4 in the Sloan C Series
    • Garrison, D.R.1
  • 10
    • 0347028251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education
    • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. Internet and Higher Education, 2(2-3), 87-105.
    • (2000) Internet and Higher Education , vol.2 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 87-105
    • Garrison, D.R.1    Anderson, T.2    Archer, W.3
  • 11
    • 0013317923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education
    • Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 3-21.
    • (2001) American Journal of Distance Education , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-21
    • Garrison, D.R.1    Anderson, T.2    Archer, W.3
  • 12
    • 34548392783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Researching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions
    • Garrison, D. R., & Arbaugh, J. B. (2007). Researching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions. The Internet and Higher Education, 10(3), 157-172.
    • (2007) The Internet and Higher Education , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 157-172
    • Garrison, D.R.1    Arbaugh, J.B.2
  • 13
    • 33644692463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: Interaction is not enough
    • Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: Interaction is not enough. American Journal of Distance Education, 19(3), 133-148.
    • (2005) American Journal of Distance Education , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 133-148
    • Garrison, D.R.1    Cleveland-Innes, M.2
  • 14
    • 84874002311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring causal relationships among teaching, cognitive and social presence: A holistic view of the community of inquiry framework
    • (in press)
    • Garrison, D. R. & Cleveland-Innes, M. (in press). Exploring causal relationships among teaching, cognitive and social presence: A holistic view of the community of inquiry framework. Internet and Higher Education.
    • Internet and Higher Education
    • Garrison, D.R.1    Cleveland-Innes, M.2
  • 15
    • 0038835984 scopus 로고
    • (ZIFF Papiere 60). Hagen, German: Fern Universität, Zentrales Institute fur Fernstudienforschung Arbeitsbereich (Eric Document Reproduction Service No. ED290013)
    • Holmberg, B. (1985). The feasibility of a theory of teaching for distance education and a proposed theory. (ZIFF Papiere 60). Hagen, German: Fern Universität, Zentrales Institute fur Fernstudienforschung Arbeitsbereich (Eric Document Reproduction Service No. ED290013).
    • (1985) The feasibility of a theory of teaching for distance education and a proposed theory
    • Holmberg, B.1
  • 17
    • 56249111935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of online learning as online participation
    • Hrastinski, S. (2009). A theory of online learning as online participation. Computers & Education, 52(1), 78-82.
    • (2009) Computers & Education , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-82
    • Hrastinski, S.1
  • 18
    • 0002352060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online social interchange, discord, and knowledge construction
    • Kanuka, H., & Anderson, T. (1998). Online social interchange, discord, and knowledge construction. Journal of Distance Education, 13(1), 57-74.
    • (1998) Journal of Distance Education , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-74
    • Kanuka, H.1    Anderson, T.2
  • 19
    • 33847268749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of instructional methods on the quality of online discussion
    • Kanuka, H., Rourke, L., & Laflamme, E. (2007). The influence of instructional methods on the quality of online discussion. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(2), 260-271.
    • (2007) British Journal of Educational Technology , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 260-271
    • Kanuka, H.1    Rourke, L.2    Laflamme, E.3
  • 20
    • 0004095656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Lipmann, M. (2003). Thinking in education. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2003) Thinking in Education
    • Lipmann, M.1
  • 22
    • 15344341350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive presence in web-learning: A content analysis of students online discussions
    • Retrieved 10 July 2009 from
    • McKlin, T., Harmon, S., Evans, W., & Jones, M. (2002). Cognitive presence in web-learning: A content analysis of students online discussions. Instructional Technology Forum. Retrieved 10 July 2009 from http://it. coe. uga. edu/itforum/paper60/paper60. htm.
    • (2002) Instructional Technology Forum
    • McKlin, T.1    Harmon, S.2    Evans, W.3    Jones, M.4
  • 23
    • 18444399095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching critical thinking through online discussions
    • McKnight, C. (2000). Teaching critical thinking through online discussions. Educause Quarterly, 23(4), 38-41.
    • (2000) Educause Quarterly , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 38-41
    • McKnight, C.1
  • 25
    • 0013893222 scopus 로고
    • Immediacy: An indicator of attitudes in linguistic communication
    • Mehrabian, A. (1966). Immediacy: An indicator of attitudes in linguistic communication. Journal of Personality, 34, 26-34.
    • (1966) Journal of Personality , vol.34 , pp. 26-34
    • Mehrabian, A.1
  • 26
    • 2942577763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Face-to-face versus threaded discussions: The role of time and higher-order thinking
    • Meyer, K. (2003). Face-to-face versus threaded discussions: The role of time and higher-order thinking. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7(3), 55-65.
    • (2003) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 55-65
    • Meyer, K.1
  • 27
    • 0008491178 scopus 로고
    • Towards a theory of independent learning and teaching
    • Moore, M. G. (1973). Towards a theory of independent learning and teaching. Journal of Higher Education, 44(9), 661-679.
    • (1973) Journal of Higher Education , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 661-679
    • Moore, M.G.1
  • 28
    • 84862111376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, Downloaded 10 July 2009 from
    • National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education. (2005). Course redesign improves learning and reduces cost. Downloaded 10 July 2009 from http://www. highereducation. org/reports/pa_core/core. pdf.
    • (2005) Course redesign improves learning and reduces cost
  • 31
    • 17044383216 scopus 로고
    • Distance education and industrial production: A comparative interpretation in outline
    • D. Keegan (Ed.), London, New York: Routledge
    • Peters, O. (1967). Distance education and industrial production: A comparative interpretation in outline. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Otto Peters on distance education. The industrialization of teaching and learning, 1994 (pp. 107-127). London, New York: Routledge.
    • (1967) Otto Peters on Distance Education. The Industrialization of Teaching and Learning, 1994 , pp. 107-127
    • Peters, O.1
  • 32
    • 2442446372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond student perceptions: Issues of interaction, presence, and performance in an online course
    • Retrieved 18 April 2009 from
    • Picciano, A. G. (2002). Beyond student perceptions: Issues of interaction, presence, and performance in an online course. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 6(1). Retrieved 18 April 2009 from http://www. aln. org/publications/jaln/v6n1/pdf/v6n1_picciano. pdf.
    • (2002) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.6 , Issue.1
    • Picciano, A.G.1
  • 33
    • 0002196841 scopus 로고
    • The fixation of belief
    • J. Buchler (Ed.), New York: Dover
    • Pierce, C. S. (1955). The fixation of belief. In J. Buchler (Ed.), Philosophical writings of pierce (pp. 5-22). New York: Dover.
    • (1955) Philosophical Writings of Pierce , pp. 5-22
    • Pierce, C.S.1
  • 35
    • 0344908367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining social presence in online courses in relation to students' perceived learning and satisfaction
    • Retrieved 18 April 2009 from
    • Richardson, J. C., & Swan, K. (2003). Examining social presence in online courses in relation to students' perceived learning and satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7(1). Retrieved 18 April 2009 from http://www. aln. org/publications/jaln/v7n1/pdf/v7n1_richardson. pdf.
    • (2003) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.7 , Issue.1
    • Richardson, J.C.1    Swan, K.2
  • 36
    • 76349120478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning in communities of inquiry: A review of the literature
    • Rourke, L., & Kanuka, H. (2009). Learning in communities of inquiry: A review of the literature. Journal of Distance Education, 23(1), 19-48.
    • (2009) Journal of Distance Education , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-48
    • Rourke, L.1    Kanuka, H.2
  • 37
    • 12144257537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction and cognition in asynchronous computer conferencing
    • Schrire, S. (2004). Interaction and cognition in asynchronous computer conferencing. Instructional Science, 32, 475-502.
    • (2004) Instructional Science , vol.32 , pp. 475-502
    • Schrire, S.1
  • 38
    • 34547556998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of students' sense of learning community in online environments
    • Shea, P. (2006). A study of students' sense of learning community in online environments. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 10(1), 35-44.
    • (2006) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-44
    • Shea, P.1
  • 39
    • 70350302358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of quality in online education: An investigation of the community of inquiry model and the net generation
    • Shea, P., & Bidjerano, T. (2008). Measures of quality in online education: An investigation of the community of inquiry model and the net generation. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 39(4), 339-361.
    • (2008) Journal of Educational Computing Research , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 339-361
    • Shea, P.1    Bidjerano, T.2
  • 40
    • 59049101545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community of inquiry as a theoretical framework to foster "epistemic engagement" and "cognitive presence" in online education
    • Shea, P., & Bidjerano, T. (2009). Community of inquiry as a theoretical framework to foster "epistemic engagement" and "cognitive presence" in online education. Computers & Education, 52(3), 543-553.
    • (2009) Computers & Education , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 543-553
    • Shea, P.1    Bidjerano, T.2
  • 41
    • 33748101208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of teaching presence and student sense of learning community in fully online and web-enhanced college courses
    • Shea, P., Li, C. S., & Pickett, A. (2006). A study of teaching presence and student sense of learning community in fully online and web-enhanced college courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 9(3), 175-190.
    • (2006) The Internet and Higher Education , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 175-190
    • Shea, P.1    Li, C.S.2    Pickett, A.3
  • 42
    • 85108856595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing learning community in online asynchronous college courses: The role of teaching presence
    • Shea, P., Li, C. S., Swan, K., & Pickett, A. (2005). Developing learning community in online asynchronous college courses: The role of teaching presence. The Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(4), 59-82.
    • (2005) The Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 59-82
    • Shea, P.1    Li, C.S.2    Swan, K.3    Pickett, A.4
  • 43
    • 3042678047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A follow-up investigation of teaching presence in the SUNY Learning Network
    • Shea, P., Pickett, A., & Pelz, W. (2003). A follow-up investigation of teaching presence in the SUNY Learning Network. The Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7(2), 61-80.
    • (2003) The Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 61-80
    • Shea, P.1    Pickett, A.2    Pelz, W.3
  • 45
    • 17544368681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group cognition in computer-assisted collaborative learning
    • Stahl, G. (2005). Group cognition in computer-assisted collaborative learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21(2), 7-90.
    • (2005) Journal of Computer Assisted Learning , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 7-90
    • Stahl, G.1
  • 47
    • 33847411152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions
    • Swan, K., & Shih, L. F. (2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(3), 115-136.
    • (2005) Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 115-136
    • Swan, K.1    Shih, L.F.2
  • 48
    • 33845876203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving learning and reducing costs: New models for online learning
    • September/October 2003
    • Twigg, C. (2003). Improving learning and reducing costs: New models for online learning. EDUCAUSE Review, September/October 2003.
    • (2003) EDUCAUSE Review
    • Twigg, C.1
  • 49
    • 2942547621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC: NCES 2003-017
    • US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). Distance Education at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions: 2000-2001. Washington, DC: NCES 2003-017.
    • (2003) Distance Education at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions: 2000-2001
  • 50
    • 15344348040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating cognitive presence in a blended faculty development community
    • Vaughan, N., & Garrison, D. R. (2005). Creating cognitive presence in a blended faculty development community. Internet and Higher Education, 8, 1-12.
    • (2005) Internet and Higher Education , vol.8 , pp. 1-12
    • Vaughan, N.1    Garrison, D.R.2
  • 51
  • 52
    • 15944368973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of teacher social presence on student satisfaction, engagement, and learning
    • Wise, A., Chang, J., & Duffy, T. (2004). The effects of teacher social presence on student satisfaction, engagement, and learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 31(3), 247-271.
    • (2004) Journal of Educational Computing Research , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-271
    • Wise, A.1    Chang, J.2    Duffy, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.