메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 32-41

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) in the treatment of cardiovascular disease

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Crataegus; hawthorn; whitethorn

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; BIOFLAVONOID; CAMPHOR; CRALONIN; CRATAEGUS EXTRACT; DIGITALIS; DIGOXIN; GLUTATHIONE; HOMEOPATHIC AGENT; HYPERIN; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; PROANTHOCYANIDIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASODILATOR AGENT; VITEXIN 2 RHAMNOSIDE;

EID: 77955681208     PISSN: None     EISSN: 09737847     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.65324     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (106)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 33847388964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and morphological characterization of Crataegus L. species (Rosaceae) in southern Syria
    • Albarouki E, Peterson A, Molecular and morphological characterization of Crataegus L. species (Rosaceae) in southern Syria. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society; 2007.
    • (2007) Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
    • Albarouki, E.1    Peterson, A.2
  • 2
    • 77955694350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British, H.F. British Heart Foundation. Statistics. 2006 3rd November; Available froml [cited in 2007]
    • British, H.F. British Heart Foundation. Statistics. 2006 3rd November; Available froml http://www.heartstats.org/datapage. asp?id=713. [cited in 2007].
  • 3
    • 77955682839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World, H.O. World Health Organisation Website. Available from: cited in 2007
    • World, H.O. World Health Organisation Website. Available from: http://www.who.int/topics/cardiovascular-diseasees/en/. [cited in 2007].
  • 4
    • 0004253992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National S. Heart disease leading cause of death in England and Wales
    • National S. Heart disease leading cause of death in England and Wales. Health Statistics Quarterly;2006.
    • (2006) Health Statistics Quarterly
  • 5
    • 77955694563 scopus 로고
    • Herbal Medicines Association B Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicines Association
    • Herbal Medicines Association, B., British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicines Association;1984.
    • (1984) British Herbal Pharmacopoeia
  • 7
    • 44649161840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Crataegus oxyacantha special extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure
    • Zick SM, Gillespie B, Aaronson K. The Effect of Crataegus oxyacantha special extract WS 1442 on clinical progression in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure; 2008. p. 387-393
    • (2008) European Journal of Heart Failure , pp. 387-393
    • Zick, S.M.1    Gillespie, B.2    Aaronson, K.3
  • 8
    • 77955706004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American and H. Association. Available from[cited in 2008]
    • American and H. Association. Coronary Risk Profi le. Available from: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter. jhtml?identifi er=4528. [cited in 2008].
    • Coronary Risk Profi le
  • 9
    • 11344250258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing trends in elderly persons' use of nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements and concurrent use of medications
    • Wold RS, Lopez ST, Yau CL, Butler LM, Pareo-Tubbeh SL, Waters DL, et al. Increasing trends in elderly persons' use of nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements and concurrent use of medications. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:54-63.
    • (2005) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.105 , pp. 54-63
    • Wold, R.S.1    Lopez, S.T.2    Yau, C.L.3    Butler, L.M.4    Pareo-Tubbeh, S.L.5    Waters, D.L.6
  • 10
    • 0032501120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected Clinical Considerations Focussing on Known or Potential Drug-Herb Interactions
    • Miller LG. Selected Clinical Considerations Focussing on Known or Potential Drug-Herb Interactions. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998;158:2200-2211
    • (1998) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.158 , pp. 2200-2211
    • Miller, L.G.1
  • 12
    • 77955676861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kingston R. A phyotchemical analysis of selected constituents of Crataegus fl os and fruct. to determine whether ethanol, whiskey and brandy solvents affect the chemical constituent profi le of the herbal preparations 2007, Scottish School of Herbal Medicine
    • Kingston R. A phyotchemical analysis of selected constituents of Crataegus fl os and fruct. to determine whether ethanol, whiskey and brandy solvents affect the chemical constituent profi le of the herbal preparations 2007, Scottish School of Herbal Medicine.
  • 13
    • 0024813120 scopus 로고
    • TLC-densitometric determination of 2,3-cis-procyanidin monomer and oligomers from hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata and C. monogyna)
    • Vanhaelen M, Vanhaelen-Fastre R. TLC-densitometric determination of 2,3-cis-procyanidin monomer and oligomers from hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata and C. monogyna). J Pharm Biomed Anal 1989;7:1871-1875
    • (1989) J Pharm Biomed Anal , vol.7 , pp. 1871-1875
    • Vanhaelen, M.1    Vanhaelen-Fastre, R.2
  • 15
    • 33750528551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha) crude extract and chromatographic fractions on multiple activities in a cultured cardiomyocyte assay
    • Long SR, Carey RA, Crofoot KM, Proteau PJ, Filtz TM. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha) crude extract and chromatographic fractions on multiple activities in a cultured cardiomyocyte assay. Phytomedicine 2006;13:643-650
    • (2006) Phytomedicine , vol.13 , pp. 643-650
    • Long, S.R.1    Carey, R.A.2    Crofoot, K.M.3    Proteau, P.J.4    Filtz, T.M.5
  • 16
    • 58149329682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of four medicinal herbs on human vascular endothelial cells in culture
    • Ling S. Effects of four medicinal herbs on human vascular endothelial cells in culture. Int Jrnl cardio;2007.
    • (2007) Int Jrnl Cardio
    • Ling, S.1
  • 17
    • 33746257055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crataegus special extract WS 1442 induces an endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasorelaxation via eNOS-phosphorylation at serine 1177
    • Brixius K, Willms S, Napp A, Tossios P, Ladage D, Bloch W, et al. Crataegus special extract WS 1442 induces an endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasorelaxation via eNOS-phosphorylation at serine 1177. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2006;20:177-184
    • (2006) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.20 , pp. 177-184
    • Brixius, K.1    Willms, S.2    Napp, A.3    Tossios, P.4    Ladage, D.5    Bloch, W.6
  • 19
    • 0036405497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolaemic activity of Hawthorn fruit is mediated by regulation of cholesterol 7? Hydroxylase and acyl CoA: Cholesterol acyltransferase
    • Zhang Z. Hypercholesterolaemic activity of Hawthorn fruit is mediated by regulation of cholesterol 7? Hydroxylase and acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase. Food Res Int 2002;35:885-891
    • (2002) Food Res Int , vol.35 , pp. 885-891
    • Zhang, Z.1
  • 20
    • 0037288187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the pharmaceutical and pharmacological equivalence of different Hawthorn extracts
    • Vierling W, Brand N, Gaedcke F, Sensch KH, Schneider E, Scholz M. Investigation of the pharmaceutical and pharmacological equivalence of different Hawthorn extracts. Phytomedicine 2003;10:8-16.
    • (2003) Phytomedicine , vol.10 , pp. 8-16
    • Vierling, W.1    Brand, N.2    Gaedcke, F.3    Sensch, K.H.4    Schneider, E.5    Scholz, M.6
  • 21
    • 0033972014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-Blockers for congestive heart failure. What is the current consensus?
    • Tsuyaki RT. β-Blockers for congestive heart failure. What is the current consensus? Drugs Aging 2000;16:1-7.
    • (2000) Drugs Aging , vol.16 , pp. 1-7
    • Tsuyaki, R.T.1
  • 22
    • 0034595790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procyanidins in crataegus extract evoke endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta
    • Kim SH, Kang KW, Kim KW, Kim ND. Procyanidins in crataegus extract evoke endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta. Life Sci 2000;67:121-131
    • (2000) Life Sci , vol.67 , pp. 121-131
    • Kim, S.H.1    Kang, K.W.2    Kim, K.W.3    Kim, N.D.4
  • 23
    • 0346362399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay
    • Guo C. Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay. Nut Res 2003;23:1719-1726
    • (2003) Nut Res , vol.23 , pp. 1719-1726
    • Guo, C.1
  • 24
    • 0035096811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of antioxidants present in Hawthorn fruits
    • Zhang Z. Characterisation of antioxidants present in Hawthorn fruits. J Nutr Biol 2000;12:144-152
    • (2000) J Nutr Biol , vol.12 , pp. 144-152
    • Zhang, Z.1
  • 25
    • 2042448461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolic extracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs and pharmaceutical preparations
    • Bahorun T, Gressier B, Trotin F, Brunet C, Dine T, Luyckx M, et al. Oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolic extracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs and pharmaceutical preparations. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1086-1089
    • (1996) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.46 , pp. 1086-1089
    • Bahorun, T.1    Gressier, B.2    Trotin, F.3    Brunet, C.4    Dine, T.5    Luyckx, M.6
  • 26
    • 37249018516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of Hawthorn extract on immodulatory biomarkers in a pressure overload model of heart failure
    • Bleske BE. Evaluation of Hawthorn extract on immodulatory biomarkers in a pressure overload model of heart failure. Med Sci Mon 2007;13:255-258
    • (2007) Med Sci Mon , vol.13 , pp. 255-258
    • Bleske, B.E.1
  • 27
    • 34548741901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HPLC Quantifi cation of vitexine-2"-O-rhamnoside and hyperoside in three crataegus species and their antimicrobial and antiviral activities
    • Orhan I. HPLC Quantifi cation of vitexine-2"-O-rhamnoside and hyperoside in three crataegus species and their antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Chromato Suppl 2007;66:153-7.
    • (2007) Chromato Suppl , vol.66 , pp. 153-7
    • Orhan, I.1
  • 28
    • 16344387585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hawthorn: Potential Roles in Cardiovascular Disease
    • Chang WT, Dao J, Shao ZH. Hawthorn: Potential Roles in Cardiovascular Disease. Amer Jrnl Chin Med 2005;33:1-10.
    • (2005) Amer Jrnl Chin Med , vol.33 , pp. 1-10
    • Chang, W.T.1    Dao, J.2    Zh, S.3
  • 29
    • 16644375017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of hawthorn phenolics in extract versus individual pure compound
    • Chang Q, Zuo Z, Ho WK, Chow MS. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of hawthorn phenolics in extract versus individual pure compound. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45:106-112
    • (2005) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.45 , pp. 106-112
    • Chang, Q.1    Zuo, Z.2    Ho, W.K.3    Chow, M.S.4
  • 30
    • 34147200277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative LC/MS/MS method and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of vitexin rhamnoside, a bioactive constituent on cardiovascular system from hawthorn
    • Liang M, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Liu R, Shen Y, et al. Quantitative LC/MS/MS method and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of vitexin rhamnoside, a bioactive constituent on cardiovascular system from hawthorn. Biomed Chromatogr 2007;21:422-429
    • (2007) Biomed Chromatogr , vol.21 , pp. 422-429
    • Liang, M.1    Xu, W.2    Zhang, W.3    Zhang, C.4    Liu, R.5    Shen, Y.6
  • 31
    • 0037938807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: Meta-analysis of randomized trials
    • Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-674
    • (2003) Am J Med , vol.114 , pp. 665-674
    • Pittler, M.H.1    Schmidt, K.2    Ernst, E.3
  • 32
    • 0025336091 scopus 로고
    • Randomised, placebo controlled study with crataegus on exercise tests and challenge by catecholamines
    • Hellenbrecht D, Randomised, placebo controlled study with crataegus on exercise tests and challenge by catecholamines. Eur J Pharmacol 1990;183:525-526
    • (1990) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.183 , pp. 525-526
    • Hellenbrecht, D.1
  • 33
    • 0034882022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effi cacy of crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II
    • Zapfe jun G. Clinical effi cacy of crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II. Phytomedicine 2001;8:262-266
    • (2001) Phytomedicine , vol.8 , pp. 262-266
    • Zapfe Jun, G.1
  • 34
    • 4644361636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, comparative Cohort Studies and Their Contribution to the benefi t Assessments of Therapeutic Options: Heart Failure Treatment with and without Hawthorn Special Extract WS 1442
    • Habs M. Prospective, comparative Cohort Studies and Their Contribution to the benefi t Assessments of Therapeutic Options: Heart Failure Treatment with and without Hawthorn Special Extract WS 1442. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2004;11:36-39
    • (2004) Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd , vol.11 , pp. 36-39
    • Habs, M.1
  • 35
    • 56349134577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tendera M the effi cacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: The SPICE trial
    • Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, Gaus W, Tendera M The effi cacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10: 1255-1263
    • (2008) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.10 , pp. 1255-1263
    • Holubarsch, C.J.1    Colucci, W.S.2    Meinertz, T.3    Gaus, W.4
  • 36
    • 0036267583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effi cacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure
    • Tauchert M. Effi cacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-915
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.143 , pp. 910-915
    • Tauchert, M.1
  • 37
    • 0037532649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of a standardised extract of fresh Crataegus berries (Crataegisan) in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II
    • Degenring FH, Suter A, Weber M, Saller R. A randomised double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of a standardised extract of fresh Crataegus berries (Crataegisan) in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure NYHA II. Phytomedicine 2003;10:363-369
    • (2003) Phytomedicine , vol.10 , pp. 363-369
    • Degenring, F.H.1    Suter, A.2    Weber, M.3    Saller, R.4
  • 38
    • 0041940215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effi cacy of a homeopathic Crataegus preparation compared with usual therapy for mild (NYHA II) cardiac insuffi ciency: Results of an observational cohort study
    • Schroder D, Weiser M, Klein P. Effi cacy of a homeopathic Crataegus preparation compared with usual therapy for mild (NYHA II) cardiac insuffi ciency: results of an observational cohort study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002;5:319-326
    • (2002) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.5 , pp. 319-326
    • Schroder, D.1    Weiser, M.2    Klein, P.3
  • 39
    • 56349110985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a systematic scientifi c approach in the assessment of effi cacy of an herbal preparation: Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.)
    • Furey A, Tassell M. Towards a systematic scientifi c approach in the assessment of effi cacy of an herbal preparation: Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.). Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:1153-1157
    • (2008) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.10 , pp. 1153-1157
    • Furey, A.1    Tassell, M.2
  • 40
    • 11444267569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antihypertensive effect of Iranian Crataegus curvisepala Lind: A randomized, double-blind study
    • Asgary S, Naderi GH, Sadeghi M, Kelishadi R, Amiri M. Antihypertensive effect of Iranian Crataegus curvisepala Lind: a randomized, double-blind study. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2004;30:221-225
    • (2004) Drugs Exp Clin Res , vol.30 , pp. 221-225
    • Asgary, S.1    Naderi, G.H.2    Sadeghi, M.3    Kelishadi, R.4    Amiri, M.5
  • 41
    • 0034536849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and prognosis: Investigation of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure (SPICE)-rationale, study design and study protocol
    • Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, Gaus W, Tendera M. Survival and prognosis: investigation of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure (SPICE)-rationale, study design and study protocol. Eur J Heart Fail 2000;2:431-437
    • (2000) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.2 , pp. 431-437
    • Holubarsch, C.J.1    Colucci, W.S.2    Meinertz, T.3    Gaus, W.4    Tendera, M.5
  • 43
    • 77955701213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESCOP, Expanded Commision E monographs; 1994
    • ESCOP, Expanded Commision E monographs; 1994.
  • 44
    • 56349115507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High Dose Hawthorn Extract for Advanced Congestive Heart Failure
    • 28
    • Brown D. High Dose Hawthorn Extract for Advanced Congestive Heart Failure. Herbalgram 2003;57:24-25,28.
    • (2003) Herbalgram , vol.57 , pp. 24-25
    • Brown, D.1
  • 46
    • 56349134577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tendera M the effi cacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: The SPICE trial
    • Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, Gaus W, Tendera M The effi cacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure: the SPICE trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10: 1255-1263
    • (2008) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.10 , pp. 1255-1263
    • Holubarsch, C.J.1    Colucci, W.S.2    Meinertz, T.3    Gaus, W.4
  • 47
    • 0036813135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Camphor-Crataegus berry extract combination dose-dependently reduces tilt induced fall in blood pressure in orthostatic hypotension
    • Belz GG, Butzer R, Gaus W, Loew D. Camphor-Crataegus berry extract combination dose-dependently reduces tilt induced fall in blood pressure in orthostatic hypotension. Phytomedicine 2002. 9: p. 581-588.
    • (2002) Phytomedicine , vol.9 , pp. 581-588
    • Belz, G.G.1    Butzer, R.2    Gaus, W.3    Loew, D.4
  • 48
    • 0038249058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response related effi cacy in orthostatic hypotension of a fi xed combination of D-camphor and an extract from fresh crataegus berries and the contribution of the single components
    • Belz GG, Loew D. Dose-response related effi cacy in orthostatic hypotension of a fi xed combination of D-camphor and an extract from fresh crataegus berries and the contribution of the single components. Phytomedicine 2003;10:61-67
    • (2003) Phytomedicine , vol.10 , pp. 61-67
    • Belz, G.G.1    Loew, D.2
  • 49
    • 34548588581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of common herbs
    • Yoo KM. Relative antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of common herbs. Food Chem 2007;106:929-936
    • (2007) Food Chem , vol.106 , pp. 929-936
    • Yoo, K.M.1
  • 50
    • 33845866607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphenolic content and physiological activities of Chinese hawthorn extracts
    • Cui T, Nakamura K, Tian S, Kayahara H, Tian YL. Polyphenolic content and physiological activities of Chinese hawthorn extracts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006;70:2948-2956
    • (2006) Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , vol.70 , pp. 2948-2956
    • Cui, T.1    Nakamura, K.2    Tian, S.3    Kayahara, H.4    Tian, Y.L.5
  • 51
    • 24644436492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity of Crataegus aronia aqueous extract used in traditional Arab medicine in Israel
    • Ljubuncic P, Portnaya I, Cogan U, Azaizeh H, Bomzon A. Antioxidant activity of Crataegus aronia aqueous extract used in traditional Arab medicine in Israel. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;101:153-161
    • (2005) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.101 , pp. 153-161
    • Ljubuncic, P.1    Portnaya, I.2    Cogan, U.3    Azaizeh, H.4    Bomzon, A.5
  • 52
    • 0029160897 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial effects of flavonoids from Crataegus species
    • Schüssler M, Hölzl J, Fricke U. Myocardial effects of flavonoids from Crataegus species. Arzneimittelforschung 1995;45:842-845
    • (1995) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.45 , pp. 842-845
    • Schüssler, M.1    Hölzl, J.2    Fricke, U.3
  • 53
    • 33745156121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: A randomised controlled trial
    • Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, Hope JL, Robinson PA, Hassanein M, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract 2005;56:437-443
    • (2005) Br J Gen Pract , vol.56 , pp. 437-443
    • Walker, A.F.1    Marakis, G.2    Simpson, E.3    Hope, J.L.4    Robinson, P.A.5    Hassanein, M.6
  • 54
    • 0036500303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hawthorn: Pharmacology and therapeutic uses
    • Rigelsky JM, Sweet BV. Hawthorn: pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2002;59:417-422
    • (2002) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.59 , pp. 417-422
    • Rigelsky, J.M.1    Sweet, B.V.2
  • 56
    • 33744960495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse-event profi le of Crataegus spp.: A systematic review
    • Daniele C, Mazzanti G, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Adverse-event profi le of Crataegus spp.: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2006;29: 523-535
    • (2006) Drug Saf , vol.29 , pp. 523-535
    • Daniele, C.1    Mazzanti, G.2    Pittler, M.H.3    Ernst, E.4
  • 57
    • 0032043845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crataegus oxyacantha
    • Thorne R. Crataegus oxyacantha. Alt Med Rev 1998;3:138-139
    • (1998) Alt Med Rev , vol.3 , pp. 138-139
    • Thorne, R.1
  • 58
    • 0000420244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phytotherapy in Heart Failure
    • Loew D. Phytotherapy in Heart Failure. Phytomedicine 1997;4:267-271
    • (1997) Phytomedicine , vol.4 , pp. 267-271
    • Loew, D.1
  • 59
    • 0034878357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inotropic therapy for heart failure:An evidence based approach
    • Felker GM, O'Connor CM. Inotropic therapy for heart failure:An evidence based approach. American Heart J 2001;42:393-401.
    • (2001) American Heart J , vol.42 , pp. 393-401
    • Felker, G.M.1    O'Connor, C.M.2
  • 60
    • 0034536849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and prognosis: Investigation of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure (SPICE)-rationale, study design and study protocol
    • Holubarsch CJ, Colucci WS, Meinertz T, Gaus W, Tendera M. Survival and prognosis: investigation of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure (SPICE)-rationale, study design and study protocol. Eur J Heart Fail 2000;2:431-437
    • (2000) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.2 , pp. 431-437
    • Holubarsch, C.J.1    Colucci, W.S.2    Meinertz, T.3    Gaus, W.4    Tendera, M.5
  • 61
    • 0028308424 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of hospitalization for digitalis toxicity among elderly Americans
    • Kernan WN, Castellsague J, Perlman GD, Ostfeld A. Incidence of hospitalization for digitalis toxicity among elderly Americans. Am J Med 1994;96:426-431
    • (1994) Am J Med , vol.96 , pp. 426-431
    • Kernan, W.N.1    Castellsague, J.2    Perlman, G.D.3    Ostfeld, A.4
  • 62
    • 0037836027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hawthorn extract: Is it time to turn over a new leaf?
    • Baughman KL, Bradley DJ. Hawthorn extract: is it time to turn over a new leaf? Am J Med 2003;114:700-701
    • (2003) Am J Med , vol.114 , pp. 700-701
    • Baughman, K.L.1    Bradley, D.J.2
  • 64
    • 0031156876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent nutritional approaches to the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular disease
    • Kendler BS. Recent nutritional approaches to the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 1997;12:3-23.
    • (1997) Prog Cardiovasc Nurs , vol.12 , pp. 3-23
    • Kendler, B.S.1
  • 65
    • 0036241566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of pharmacological synergy in psychoactive herbal medicines-Herbal Synergy Review
    • Spinella M. The importance of pharmacological synergy in psychoactive herbal medicines-Herbal Synergy Review. Alternative Medicine Review; 2002. p. 130-137
    • (2002) Alternative Medicine Review , pp. 130-137
    • Spinella, M.1
  • 66
    • 4143100301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenols, procyanidins, fl avones and fl avonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities
    • Skegert M. Phenols, procyanidins, fl avones and fl avonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2005;89:191-198
    • (2005) Food Chem , vol.89 , pp. 191-198
    • Skegert, M.1
  • 67
    • 33644861845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additive or synergetic effects of phenolic compounds on human low density lipoprotein oxidation
    • Cirico TL, Omaye ST. Additive or synergetic effects of phenolic compounds on human low density lipoprotein oxidation. Food Chem Toxicol 2005;44:510-516
    • (2005) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.44 , pp. 510-516
    • Cirico, T.L.1    Omaye, S.T.2
  • 68
    • 33847151248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds of hawthorn, pine and skullcap
    • Sokol-Letowska A, Oszmianski J, Wojdylo A. Antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds of hawthorn, pine and skullcap. Food Chem 2006;103:853-859
    • (2006) Food Chem , vol.103 , pp. 853-859
    • Sokol-Letowska, A.1    Oszmianski, J.2    Wojdylo, A.3
  • 69
    • 0033209098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selections from current literature: Effects of hawthorn on the cardiovascular system
    • Zapatero JM. Selections from current literature: effects of hawthorn on the cardiovascular system. Fam Pract 1999;16:534-538
    • (1999) Fam Pract , vol.16 , pp. 534-538
    • Zapatero, J.M.1
  • 70
    • 67650193779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response from editor to letter to the editor: Alternative approaches to the management of heart failure: Editors response
    • Cleland JGF. Response from editor to letter to the editor: Alternative approaches to the management of heart failure: Editors response. Eur J Heart Fail 2004;6:517-518
    • (2004) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.6 , pp. 517-518
    • Jgf, C.1
  • 71
    • 33846818699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infl uence of polyphenols isoalted from Scutellaria baiacalensis Georgi and Crataegus oxyacantha on the oxidative stability of cholesterol in butter stored in various conditions
    • Wojdyto A, Oszmianski J. Infl uence of polyphenols isoalted from Scutellaria baiacalensis Georgi and Crataegus oxyacantha on the oxidative stability of cholesterol in butter stored in various conditions. Euro Food Res Techno 2006;224:635-642
    • (2006) Euro Food Res Techno , vol.224 , pp. 635-642
    • Wojdyto, A.1    Oszmianski, J.2
  • 72
    • 31544459510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of lipoprotein lipase expression by effect of hawthorn fl avonoids on peroxisome proliferator response element pathway
    • Fan C, Yan J, Qian Y, Wo X, Gao L. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase expression by effect of hawthorn fl avonoids on peroxisome proliferator response element pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2005;100:51-58
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Sci , vol.100 , pp. 51-58
    • Fan, C.1    Yan, J.2    Qian, Y.3    Wo, X.4    Gao, L.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.