메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 79-111

Interlanguage request modification: The use of lexical/phrasal downgraders and mitigating supportive moves

Author keywords

English; External modification; Greek; Interlanguage; Internal modification; Lexical phrasal downgraders supportive moves; Mitigation; Requests

Indexed keywords


EID: 77949457830     PISSN: 01678507     EISSN: 16133684     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/mult.2009.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (78)
  • 2
    • 85050169651 scopus 로고
    • Pragmatics as part of teacher education
    • Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen (1992). Pragmatics as part of teacher education. TESOL Journal 1(2). 28-32
    • (1992) TESOL Journal , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 28-32
    • Bardovi-Harlig, K.1
  • 3
    • 0002301515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pragmatics and language teaching: Bringing pragmatics and pedagogy together
    • Larry Bouton (ed.), Urbana-Champaign: Division of English as an International Language, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
    • Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen (1996). Pragmatics and language teaching: Bringing pragmatics and pedagogy together. In Larry Bouton (ed.), Pragmatics and language learning, 21-39. Urbana-Champaign: Division of English as an International Language, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
    • (1996) Pragmatics and Language Learning , pp. 21-39
    • Bardovi-Harlig, K.1
  • 4
    • 0033266730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the interlanguage of interlanguage pragmatics: A research agenda for acquisitional pragmatics
    • Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen (1999). Exploring the interlanguage of interlanguage pragmatics: A research agenda for acquisitional pragmatics. Language Learning 49(4). 677-713
    • (1999) Language Learning , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 677-713
    • Bardovi-Harlig, K.1
  • 5
    • 0007260412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical evidence of the need for instruction in pragmatics
    • Kenneth Rose & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen (2001). Empirical evidence of the need for instruction in pragmatics. In Kenneth Rose & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), Pragmatics in language teaching, 13-32. New York: Cambridge University Press
    • (2001) Pragmatics in Language Teaching , pp. 13-32
    • Bardovi-Harlig, K.1
  • 6
    • 33748388537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do pragmatic learners recognize pragmatic violation? Pragmatic versus grammatical awareness in instructed L2 learning
    • Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen & Zoltan Dörnyei (1998). Do pragmatic learners recognize pragmatic violation? Pragmatic versus grammatical awareness in instructed L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly 32(2). 233-259
    • (1998) TESOL Quarterly , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-259
    • Bardovi-Harlig, K.1    Dörnyei, Z.2
  • 10
    • 33747799263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apology strategies of Jordanian EFL university students
    • Bataineh, Ruba & Bataineh Rula Fahmi (2006). Apology strategies of Jordanian EFL university students. Journal of Pragmatics 38. 1901-1927
    • (2006) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.38 , pp. 1901-1927
    • Bataineh, R.1    Fahmi, B.R.2
  • 11
    • 0002764284 scopus 로고
    • Perception and performance in native and nonnative apology
    • Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Bergman, Marc & Gabriele Kasper (1993). Perception and performance in native and nonnative apology. In Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics, 82-107. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • (1993) Interlanguage Pragmatics , pp. 82-107
    • Bergman, M.1    Kasper, G.2
  • 12
    • 84937285638 scopus 로고
    • Requesting strategies in the cross-cultural business meeting
    • Bilbow, Grahame (1995). Requesting strategies in the cross-cultural business meeting. Pragmatics 5(1). 45-55
    • (1995) Pragmatics , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-55
    • Bilbow, G.1
  • 13
    • 0034360561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating instrument-based pragmatic variability: Effects of enhancing discourse completion tests
    • Billmyer, Kristine & Manka Varghese (2000). Investigating instrument-based pragmatic variability: Effects of enhancing discourse completion tests. Applied Linguistics 21(4). 517-552
    • (2000) Applied Linguistics , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 517-552
    • Billmyer, K.1    Varghese, M.2
  • 14
    • 34248908120 scopus 로고
    • Learning to say what you mean in a second language: A study of the speech act performance of learners of Hebrew as a second language
    • Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1982). Learning to say what you mean in a second language: A study of the speech act performance of learners of Hebrew as a second language. Applied Linguistics 3. 29-59
    • (1982) Applied Linguistics , vol.3 , pp. 29-59
    • Blum-Kulka, S.1
  • 15
    • 0002895273 scopus 로고
    • Interpreting and performing speech acts in a second language - A cross-cultural study of Hebrew and English
    • Nessa Wolfson & Elliot Judd (eds.), Massachusetts: Newbury House
    • Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1983). Interpreting and performing speech acts in a second language - A cross-cultural study of Hebrew and English. In Nessa Wolfson & Elliot Judd (eds.), Sociolinguistics and language acquisition, 36-55. Massachusetts: Newbury House
    • (1983) Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition , pp. 36-55
    • Blum-Kulka, S.1
  • 16
    • 84928223097 scopus 로고
    • Modifiers as indicating devices: The case of requests
    • Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1985). Modifiers as indicating devices: The case of requests. Theoretical Linguistics 12. 213-229
    • (1985) Theoretical Linguistics , vol.12 , pp. 213-229
    • Blum-Kulka, S.1
  • 17
    • 0002848045 scopus 로고
    • Playing it safe: The role of conventionality in indirectness
    • Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Gabriele Kasper & Juliane House (eds.), Norwood, N.J.: Ablex
    • Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1989). Playing it safe: The role of conventionality in indirectness. In Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Gabriele Kasper & Juliane House (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies, 37-70. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex
    • (1989) Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies , pp. 37-70
    • Blum-Kulka, S.1
  • 18
    • 0001178216 scopus 로고
    • The metapragmatics of politeness in Israeli society
    • Richard Watts, Sachiko Ide & Konrad Ehlich (eds.), Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
    • Blum-Kulka, Shoshana (1992). The metapragmatics of politeness in Israeli society. In Richard Watts, Sachiko Ide & Konrad Ehlich (eds.), Politeness in language: Studies in its history, theory and practice, 255-280. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
    • (1992) Politeness in Language: Studies in Its History, Theory and Practice , pp. 255-280
    • Blum-Kulka, S.1
  • 20
    • 0001521322 scopus 로고
    • Requests and apologies: A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns
    • Blum-Kulka, Shoshana & Elite Olshtain (1984). Requests and apologies: A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns. Applied Linguistics 5. 196-213
    • (1984) Applied Linguistics , vol.5 , pp. 196-213
    • Blum-Kulka, S.1    Olshtain, E.2
  • 21
    • 84971922751 scopus 로고
    • Too many words: Length of utterance and pragmatic failure
    • Blum-Kulka, Shoshana & Elite Olshtain (1986). Too many words: Length of utterance and pragmatic failure. Studies in L2 Acquisition 8. 165-179
    • (1986) Studies in L2 Acquisition , vol.8 , pp. 165-179
    • Blum-Kulka, S.1    Olshtain, E.2
  • 23
    • 33344455711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pragmatics and language learning
    • Larry Bouton (ed.), Urbana-Campaign: Division of English as an International Language, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
    • Bouton, Larry (1996). Pragmatics and language learning. In Larry Bouton (ed.), Pragmatics and language learning, 1-20. Urbana-Campaign: Division of English as an International Language, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
    • (1996) Pragmatics and Language Learning , pp. 1-20
    • Bouton, L.1
  • 24
    • 0000775365 scopus 로고
    • Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena
    • Esther Goody (ed.), Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press
    • Brown, Penelope & Stephen Levinson (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In Esther Goody (ed.), Questions and politeness, 56-289. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press
    • (1978) Questions and Politeness , pp. 56-289
    • Brown, P.1    Levinson, S.2
  • 26
    • 34248708775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for learning and performing L2 speech acts
    • Cohen, Andrew (2005). Strategies for learning and performing L2 speech acts. Intercultural Pragmatics 2(3). 275-301
    • (2005) Intercultural Pragmatics , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-301
    • Cohen, A.1
  • 28
    • 61749104618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requestive directness in intercultural communication: Greek and English
    • James Leigh & Eric Loo (eds.), Melbourne: Language Australia
    • Economidou-Kogetsidis, Maria (2004). Requestive directness in intercultural communication: Greek and English. In James Leigh & Eric Loo (eds.), Outer limits: A reader in communication and behaviour across cultures, 25-48. Melbourne: Language Australia
    • (2004) Outer Limits: A Reader in Communication and Behaviour Across Cultures , pp. 25-48
    • Economidou-Kogetsidis, M.1
  • 29
    • 34248706410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Yes, tell me please, what time is the midday flight from Athens arriving?': Telephone service encounters and politeness
    • Economidou-Kogetsidis, Maria (2005). 'Yes, tell me please, what time is the midday flight from Athens arriving?': Telephone service encounters and politeness. Intercultural Pragmatics 2(3). 253-273
    • (2005) Intercultural Pragmatics , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-273
    • Economidou-Kogetsidis, M.1
  • 31
    • 0000234964 scopus 로고
    • Do learners talk too much? the waffle phenomenon in interlanguage pragmatics
    • Edmondson, Willis & Juliane House (1991). Do learners talk too much? The waffle phenomenon in interlanguage pragmatics. In Robert Phillipson, Eric Kellerman, Larry Selinker, Michael Sharwood-Smith & Merrill Swain (eds), Foreign/second language pedagogy research, 273-286. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
    • (1991) Foreign/second Language Pedagogy Research , pp. 273-286
    • Edmondson, W.1    House, J.2
  • 32
    • 0002086537 scopus 로고
    • Expressing gratitude in American English
    • Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Eisenstein, Miriam & Jean Bodman (1993). Expressing gratitude in American English. In Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics. 64-81. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • (1993) Interlanguage Pragmatics , pp. 64-81
    • Eisenstein, M.1    Bodman, J.2
  • 33
    • 0001895801 scopus 로고
    • Internal and external modification in inter-language request realization
    • Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Juliane House & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), Norwood, N.J.: Ablex
    • Faerch, Claus & Gabriele Kasper (1989). Internal and external modification in inter-language request realization. In Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Juliane House & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies, 221-247. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex
    • (1989) Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies , pp. 221-247
    • Faerch, C.1    Kasper, G.2
  • 34
    • 33750688500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linguistic politeness in Mexico: Refusal strategies among male speakers of Mexican Spanish
    • Felix-Brasdefer, Cesar (2006). Linguistic politeness in Mexico: Refusal strategies among male speakers of Mexican Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics 38. 2158-2187
    • (2006) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.38 , pp. 2158-2187
    • Felix-Brasdefer, C.1
  • 35
    • 84979418656 scopus 로고
    • Offers and requests: Performance by Japanese learners of English
    • Fukushima, Saeko (1990). Offers and requests: Performance by Japanese learners of English. World Englishes 9. 317-325
    • (1990) World Englishes , vol.9 , pp. 317-325
    • Fukushima, S.1
  • 37
    • 0344153831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studying compliment responses: A comparison of DCTs and recordings of naturally occurring talk
    • Golato, Andrea (2003). Studying compliment responses: A comparison of DCTs and recordings of naturally occurring talk. Applied Linguistics 24. 90-121
    • (2003) Applied Linguistics , vol.24 , pp. 90-121
    • Golato, A.1
  • 38
    • 84979417854 scopus 로고
    • Do they mean what they say? Sociopragmatic competence and second language learners
    • Harlow, Linda (1990). Do they mean what they say? Sociopragmatic competence and second language learners. The Modern Language Journal 74(3). 328-351
    • (1990) The Modern Language Journal , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 328-351
    • Harlow, L.1
  • 40
    • 0142215432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requests by Australian learners of Indonesian
    • Hassall, Tim (2003). Requests by Australian learners of Indonesian. Journal of Pragmatics 35(12). 1903-1928
    • (2003) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.35 , Issue.12 , pp. 1903-1928
    • Hassall, T.1
  • 41
    • 0001804812 scopus 로고
    • Politeness in English and German, the functions of 'please' and 'bitte'
    • Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Juliane House & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), Norwood, N.J.: Ablex
    • House, Juliane (1989). Politeness in English and German, The functions of 'please' and 'bitte'. In Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Juliane House & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies, 96-119. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex
    • (1989) Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies , pp. 96-119
    • House, J.1
  • 42
    • 0000366836 scopus 로고
    • Politeness markers in English and German
    • Florian Coulmas (ed.), The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton
    • House, Juliane & Gabriele Kasper (1981). Politeness markers in English and German. In Florian Coulmas (ed.), Conversational routine, 157-185. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton
    • (1981) Conversational Routine , pp. 157-185
    • House, J.1    Kasper, G.2
  • 43
    • 0002168805 scopus 로고
    • Interlanguage pragmatics: Requesting in a foreign language
    • Wolfgang Lörscher and Rainer Schulze (eds.), Tubingen, West Germany: Narr
    • th birthday, 1250-1288. Tubingen, West Germany: Narr
    • (1987) th Birthday , pp. 1250-1288
    • House, J.1    Kasper, G.2
  • 44
    • 84900433446 scopus 로고
    • Pragmatic failure in a second language: Greeting responses in English by Polish students
    • Jaworski, Adam (1994). Pragmatic failure in a second language: Greeting responses in English by Polish students. IRAL(32). 41-55
    • (1994) IRAL , Issue.32 , pp. 41-55
    • Jaworski, A.1
  • 46
    • 24144500482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pragmatics in language teaching
    • Kenneth Rose & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Kasper, Gabriele & Kenneth Rose (2001). Pragmatics in language teaching. In Kenneth Rose & Gabriele Kasper (eds.), Pragmatics in language teaching, 1-9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • (2001) Pragmatics in Language Teaching , pp. 1-9
    • Kasper, G.1    Rose, K.2
  • 48
    • 0001004372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spanish requests strategies: A cross-cultural analysis from an intercultural perspective
    • Le Pair, Rob (1996). Spanish requests strategies: A cross-cultural analysis from an intercultural perspective. Language Sciences 18(3-4). 651-670
    • (1996) Language Sciences , vol.18 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 651-670
    • Le Pair, R.1
  • 49
    • 3042661690 scopus 로고
    • Over-indulgence and under-representation: Aspects of mother tongue interference
    • Gerhard Nickel (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Levenston, Eddie (1971). Over-indulgence and under-representation: Aspects of mother tongue interference. In Gerhard Nickel (ed.), Papers in contrastive linguistic, 115-121. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • (1971) Papers in Contrastive Linguistic , pp. 115-121
    • Levenston, E.1
  • 50
    • 34248874678 scopus 로고
    • Semantic and pragmatic parameters of meaning: On the interface between contrastive text analysis and the production of translated texts
    • Marmaridou, Sophia (1987). Semantic and pragmatic parameters of meaning: On the interface between contrastive text analysis and the production of translated texts. Journal of Pragmatics 2. 721-736
    • (1987) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.2 , pp. 721-736
    • Marmaridou, S.1
  • 51
    • 33747798295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirectness and politeness in Turkish - German bilingual and Turkish monolingual requests
    • Marti, Leyla (2006). Indirectness and politeness in Turkish - German bilingual and Turkish monolingual requests. Journal of Pragmatics 38. 1836-1869
    • (2006) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.38 , pp. 1836-1869
    • Marti, L.1
  • 52
    • 33645280526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between culture and pragmatics: Scylla and Charybdis? the precarious condition of intercultural pragmatics
    • Mey, Jacob (2004). Between culture and pragmatics: Scylla and Charybdis? The precarious condition of intercultural pragmatics. Intercultural Pragmatics 1(1). 27-48
    • (2004) Intercultural Pragmatics , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-48
    • Mey, J.1
  • 53
    • 0002176025 scopus 로고
    • Apology: A speech-act set
    • Nessa Wolfson and Elliot Judd (eds.), Massachusetts: Newbury House
    • Olshtain, Elite & Andrew Cohen (1983). Apology: A speech-act set. In Nessa Wolfson and Elliot Judd (eds.), Sociolinguistics and language acquisition, 18-35. Massachusetts: Newbury House
    • (1983) Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition , pp. 18-35
    • Olshtain, E.1    Cohen, A.2
  • 55
    • 0000116233 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting German - Greek politeness and the consequences
    • Pavlidou, Theodossia (1994). Contrasting German - Greek politeness and the consequences. Journal of Pragmatics 24. 487-511
    • (1994) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.24 , pp. 487-511
    • Pavlidou, T.1
  • 56
    • 21044455419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The last five turns: Preliminary remarks on closings in Greek and German telephone calls
    • Pavlidou, Theodossia (1997). The last five turns: Preliminary remarks on closings in Greek and German telephone calls. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 126. 145-162
    • (1997) International Journal of the Sociology of Language , vol.126 , pp. 145-162
    • Pavlidou, T.1
  • 57
    • 84937183089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greek and German telephone closings: Patterns of confirmation and agreement
    • Pavlidou, Theodossia (1998). Greek and German telephone closings: Patterns of confirmation and agreement. Pragmatics 8(1). 79-94
    • (1998) Pragmatics , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-94
    • Pavlidou, T.1
  • 58
    • 84925971660 scopus 로고
    • Sociolinguistic variation and pragmatic ability: A look at learners
    • Rintell, Ellen (1981). Sociolinguistic variation and pragmatic ability: A look at learners. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 27. 11-34
    • (1981) International Journal of the Sociology of Language , vol.27 , pp. 11-34
    • Rintell, E.1
  • 59
    • 0002373397 scopus 로고
    • Speech acts and questionnaires: The effect of hearer response
    • Rose, Kenneth (1992). Speech acts and questionnaires: The effect of hearer response. Journal of Pragmatics 17. 49-62
    • (1992) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.17 , pp. 49-62
    • Rose, K.1
  • 61
    • 0032186453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating EFL students' production of speech acts: A comparison of production questionnaires and role plays
    • Sasaki, Miyuki (1998). Investigating EFL students' production of speech acts: A comparison of production questionnaires and role plays. Journal of Pragmatics 30. 457-484
    • (1998) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.30 , pp. 457-484
    • Sasaki, M.1
  • 62
    • 34250636889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • May you speak louder maybe? Interlanguage pragmatic development in requests
    • Schauer, Gila (2004). May you speak louder maybe? Interlanguage pragmatic development in requests. In Susan Foster-Cohen, Michael Sharwood Smith, Antonella Socace & Mitsuhiko Antonella (eds.), Eurosla yearbook, Volume 4, 253-273. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • (2004) Eurosla Yearbook , vol.4 , pp. 253-273
    • Schauer, G.1
  • 63
    • 0002071114 scopus 로고
    • Consciousness, learning and interlanguage pragmatics
    • Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Schmidt, Richard (1993). Consciousness, learning and interlanguage pragmatics. In Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds), Interlanguage pragmatics, 21-42. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • (1993) Interlanguage Pragmatics , pp. 21-42
    • Schmidt, R.1
  • 65
  • 66
    • 61849130491 scopus 로고
    • Transferability of indirect request strategies
    • Takahashi, Satomi (1992). Transferability of indirect request strategies. University of Hawaii Working Papers in ESL 11(1). 69-124
    • (1992) University of Hawaii Working Papers in ESL , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-124
    • Takahashi, S.1
  • 67
    • 0000485666 scopus 로고
    • The development of pragmatic competence by Japanese learners of English
    • Takahashi, Tomoko & Beebe Leslie (1987). The development of pragmatic competence by Japanese learners of English. JALT Journal 8. 131-155
    • (1987) JALT Journal , vol.8 , pp. 131-155
    • Takahashi, T.1    Leslie, B.2
  • 68
    • 0001459375 scopus 로고
    • Cross-linguistic influence in the speech act of correction
    • Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Takahashi, Tomoko & Leslie Beebe (1993). Cross-linguistic influence in the speech act of correction. In Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics, 138-157. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • (1993) Interlanguage Pragmatics , pp. 138-157
    • Takahashi, T.1    Beebe, L.2
  • 69
    • 0002789256 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural pragmatic failure
    • Thomas, Jenny (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics 4. 91-112
    • (1983) Applied Linguistics , vol.4 , pp. 91-112
    • Thomas, J.1
  • 70
    • 0001665425 scopus 로고
    • Apology strategies in native/non-natives
    • Trosborg, Anna (1987). Apology strategies in native/non-natives. Journal of Pragmatics 11. 147-167
    • (1987) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.11 , pp. 147-167
    • Trosborg, A.1
  • 72
    • 0142229108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politeness markers in French and Dutch requests
    • Van Mulken, Margot (1996). Politeness markers in French and Dutch requests. Language Sciences 8(3/4). 689-702
    • (1996) Language Sciences , vol.8 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 689-702
    • Van Mulken, M.1
  • 73
    • 0002688197 scopus 로고
    • Interlanguage requestive hints
    • Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Weizman, Elda (1993). Interlanguage requestive hints. In Gabriele Kasper & Shoshana Blum-Kulka (eds.), Interlanguage Pragmatics, 123-137. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • (1993) Interlanguage Pragmatics , pp. 123-137
    • Weizman, E.1
  • 75
    • 0003055137 scopus 로고
    • Problems in the comparison of speech acts across cultures
    • Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Gabriele Kasper & Juliane House (eds.), Norwood, A.J.: Ablex
    • Wolfson, Nessa, Thomas Marmor & Steve Jones (1989). Problems in the comparison of speech acts across cultures. In Shoshana Blum-Kulka, Gabriele Kasper & Juliane House (eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies, 174-96. Norwood, A.J.: Ablex
    • (1989) Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies , pp. 174-196
    • Wolfson, N.1    Marmor, T.2    Jones, S.3
  • 78
    • 0035256073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inquiry into empirical pragmatics data-gathering methods: Written DCTs, oral DCTs, field notes, and natural conversations
    • Yuan, Yi (2001). An inquiry into empirical pragmatics data-gathering methods: Written DCTs, oral DCTs, field notes, and natural conversations. Journal of Pragmatics 33. 271-292
    • (2001) Journal of Pragmatics , vol.33 , pp. 271-292
    • Yuan, Y.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.