Executive functions in young children with autism

Child Development

Volumn 70, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 817-832

  Griffith, Elizabeth M ^a   Pennington, Bruce F ^c   Wehner, Elizabeth A ^b   Rogers, Sally J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AUTISM; BEHAVIOR; COGNITIVE DEFECT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; IMITATION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; OBJECT RELATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RECREATION; TASK PERFORMANCE; TIME;

ATTENTION; AUTISTIC DISORDER; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMITATIVE BEHAVIOR; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PLAY AND PLAYTHINGS; SPATIAL BEHAVIOR; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0033162969     PISSN: 00093920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00059     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Bailey, A., Phillips, W., & Rutter, M. (1996). Autism: Towards an integration of clinical, genetic, neuropsychological, and neurobiological perspectives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(1), 89-126.
2. Bennetto, L., Pennington, B. F., & Rogers, S. J. (1996). Intact and impaired memory functions in autism. Child Development, 67, 1816-1835.
3. Biro, S. (1997). Means-end behavior in children with autism. Unpublished master's thesis, St. John's College, Cambridge, UK.
4. Carpenter, M. (1997, April). Social-cognitive skills of normal infants and young children with autism and developmental delays: Development and interrelations. Poster presented at the biannual meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, DC.
5. Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (Rev. ed.). New York: Academic Press.
6. Damasio, A., & Maurer, R. (1978). A neurological model for childhood autism. Archives of Neurology, 35, 777-786.
7. Dawson, G., Meltzoff, A. N., Osterling, J., & Rinaldi, J. (1998). Neuropsychological correlates of early symptoms of autism. Child Development, 69, 1276-1285.
8. Diamond, A. (1991). Frontal lobe involvement in cognitive changes during the first year of life. In K. R. Gibson and A. C. Petersen (Eds.), Brain maturation and cognitive development (pp. 127-180). New York: Aldine DeGruyter.
9. Diamond, A., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1985). Evidence for involvement of prefrontal cortex in cognitive changes during the first year of life: Comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on a detour task with transparent barrier. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts (Part II), 11, 832.
10. Diamond, A., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1989). Comparison of human infants and rhesus monkeys on Piaget's A not B task: Evidence for dependence on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 74, 24-40.
11. Diamond, A., Prevor, M. B., Callender, G., & Druin, D. P. (1997). Prefrontal cortex cognitive deficits in children treated early and continuously for PKU. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 62(4, Serial No. 252).
12. Duncan, J. (1995). Attention, intelligence, and the frontal lobes. In M. S. Gassaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 721-733). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
13. Goldman, P. S., & Rosvold, H. (1970). Localization of function within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey. Experimental Neurology, 27, 291-304.
14. Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor Index of Social Status. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
15. Hughes, C., & Russell, J. (1993). Autistic children's difficulty with mental disengagement from an object: Its implications for theories of autism. Developmental Psychology, 29(3), 498-510.
16. Hughes, C., Russell, J., & Robbins, T. W. (1994). Evidence for executive dysfunction in autism. Neuropsychologia, 32(4), 477-492.
17. Jarrold, C., Boucher, J., & Smith, P. K. (1996). Generativity deficits in pretend play in autism. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14, 275-290.
18. Kaufman, P., Leckman, J., & Ort, S. (1989). Delayed Response performance in males with Fragile X. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 69.
19. Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659-685.
20. McEvoy, R., Rogers, S. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1993). Executive function and social communication deficits in young autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 563-578.
21. Minshew, N. J., Goldstein, G., Muenz, L., R. & Payton, L. R. (1992). Neuropsychological functioning in nonmentally retarded autistic individuals. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 749-761.
22. Mullen, E. M. (1989). Infant-Mullen scales of early learning. Cranston, RI: T.O.T.A.L. Child, Inc.
23. Mullen, E. M. (1992). Mullen scales of early learning. Cranston, RI: T.O.T.A.L. Child, Inc.
24. Mundy, P., Hogan, A., & Doehring, P. (1996). A Preliminary Manual for the Abridged Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS). Found at www.psy.miami.edu/Faculty/ pmundy.
25. Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989). The theoretical implications of joint-attention deficits in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 173-183.
26. Owen, A., James, M., Leigh, P., Summers, B., Marsden, C., Quinn, N., Lange, K., & Robbins, T. (1992). Fronto-striatal cognitive deficits at different stages of Parkinson's disease. Brain, 115, 1727-1751.
27. Ozonoff, S. (1995a). Executive functions in autism. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Learning and cognition in autism (pp. 199-219). New York: Plenum Press.
28. Ozonoff, S. (1995b). Reliability and validity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in studies of autism. Neuropsychology, 9(4), 491-500.
29. Ozonoff, S., Pennington, B. F., & Rogers, S. J. (1991). Executive function deficits in high-functioning autistic individuals: Relationship to theory of mind. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 1081-1105.
30. Ozonoff, S., & Strayer, D. (1997). Inhibitory function in non-retarded children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 59-77.
31. Ozonoff, S., Strayer, D., McMahon, W., & Filloux, F. (1994). Executive function abilities in autism and Tourette syndrome: An information processing approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 1015-1032.
32. Passingham, R. (1985). Memory of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with lesions in prefrontal cortex. Behavioral Neuroscience, 99, 3-21.
33. Pennington, B. F. (1997). Dimensions of executive functions in normal and abnormal development. In N. Krasnegor, G. R. Lyon, & P. S. Goldman-Rakic (Eds.), Development of the prefrontal cortex: Evolution, neurobiology, and behavior (pp. 265-281). Baltimore: P. H. Brookes.
34. Pennington, B. F., & Bennetto, L. (1998). Towards a neuropsychology of mental retardation. In J. A. Burack, R. M. Hodapp, & E. Zigler (Eds.), Handbook of mental retardation and development (pp. 80-114). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
35. Pennington, B. F., & Ozonoff, S. (1996). Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(1), 51-87.
36. Pennington, B. F., Rogers, S. J., Bennetto, L., Griffith, E. M., Reed, D. T., & Shyu, V. (1997). Validity tests of the executive dysfunction hypothesis of autism. In J. Russell (Ed.), Autism as an executive disorder (pp. 143-178). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
37. Petrides, M. (1995). Impairments on nonsparial self-ordered and externally ordered working memory tasks after lesions of the mid-dorsal part of the lateral frontal cortex in the monkey. Journal of Neuroscience, 15, 359-375.
38. Petrides, M., & Milner, B. (1982). Deficits on subject-ordered tasks after frontal-and temporal-lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia, 20(3), 249-262.
39. Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child. New York: Basic Books.
40. Povenelli, D. J., & Eddy, T. J. (1996). What young chimpanzees know about seeing. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 61(3, Serial No. 247).
41. Prior, M., & Hoffmann, W. (1990). Brief report: Neuropsychological testing of autistic children through an exploration with frontal lobe tests. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20(4), 581-590.
42. Roberts, R. J., Jr., & Pennington, B. F. (1996). An interactive framework for examining prefrontal cognitive processes. Developmental Neuropsychology, 12(1), 105-126.
43. Rumsey, J. (1985). Conceptual problem-solving in highly verbal, nonretarded autistic men. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 15(1), 23-36.
44. Rumsey, J., & Hamburger, S. (1988), Neuropsychological findings in high-functioning men with infantile autism, residual state. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10(2), 201-221.
45. Rumsey, J., & Hamburger, S. (1990). Neuropsychological divergence of high-level autism and severe dyslexia. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20(2), 155-168.
46. Russell, J., & Jarrold, C. (in press). Memory for actions in children with autism: Self versus other. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry.
47. Russell, J., Jarrold, C., & Henry, L. (1996). Working memory in children with autism and with moderate learning difficulties. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 673-686.
48. Russell, J., Jarrold, C., & Hood, B. (1999). Two intact executive functions in autism: Implications for the nature of the disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 103-112.
49. Schneider, S. G., & Asarnow, R. F. (1987). A comparison of cognitive/neuropsychological impairments of nonretarded autistic and schizophrenic children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15(1), 29-46.
50. Steel, J., Gorman, R., & Flexman, J. (1984). Neuropsychiatric testing in an autistic mathematical idiot-savant: Evidence for nonverbal abstract capacity. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 23(6), 704-707.
51. Stone, W. L., Hoffman, E. L., Lewis, S. E., & Ousley, O. Y. (1994). Early recognition of autism: Parental reports versus clinical observation. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 148, 174-179.
52. Tomasello, M. (1995). Joint attention as social cognition. In C. Moore & P. J. Dunham (Eds.), Joint attention: Its origins and role in development (pp. 103-130), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Turner, M. (1995). Stereotyped behaviour in autism. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
54. Turner, M. (1997, April). Working memory and strategy use in high-functioning and learning disabled individuals with autism. Poster presented at the biannual meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, DC.
55. Wehner, E., & Rogers, S. (1994). [Deficits in young autistic children]. Unpublished raw data.
56. Wellman, H., Cross, D., & Bartsch, K. (1986). Infant search and object permanence: A meta-analysis of the a-not-b error. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 51(3, Serial No. 214).
57. Welsh, M., & Pennington, B. F. (1988). Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: Views from developmental psychology. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4(3), 199-230.
58. Welsh, M., Pennington, B., & Groisser, D. (1991). A normative-developmental study of executive function: A window on prefrontal function in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 7(2), 131-149.