Spin-transfer effect and its use in spintronic components

International Journal of Nanotechnology

Volumn 7, Issue 4-8, 2010, Pages 591-614

  Dieny, B ^a   Sousa, R C ^a   Herault J ^a   Papusoi, C ^a   Prenat, G ^a   Ebels, U ^a   Houssameddine, D ^a   Rodmacq, B ^a   Auffret, S ^a   Buda Prejbeanu, L D ^a   Cyrille, M C ^b   Delaet B ^b   Redon, O ^b   Ducruet, C ^c   Nozieres J P ^c   Prejbeanu, I L ^c  

^a CEA GRENOBLE   (France)

^b CEA LETI   (France)

^c Crocus Technology   (France)

Author keywords

Magnetic random access memory; Magnetic tunnel junctions; MRAM; Spin torque; Spin torque oscillators; Spin transfer; Spintronics; STT MRAM; Thermally assisted MRAM; Tunnel magnetoresistance

Indexed keywords

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; COMPUTER CIRCUITS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC RECORDING; MAGNETIC STORAGE; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; NANOSTRUCTURES; RANDOM ACCESS STORAGE; SCALABILITY; SPINTRONICS; TUNNEL JUNCTIONS; TUNNELLING MAGNETORESISTANCE;

MAGNETIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY; MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION; MRAM; SPIN TORQUE; SPIN TRANSFER; SPIN-TORQUE OSCILLATORS; STT-MRAM; THERMALLY ASSISTED MRAM; TUNNEL MAGNETORESISTANCE;

MRAM DEVICES;

EID: 77649110060     PISSN: 14757435     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJNT.2010.031735     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Baibich, M., Broto, J.M., Fert, A., Nguyen Van Dau, F., Petroff, F., Etienne, P., Creuzet, G., Friederch, A. and Chazelas, J. (1988) 'Giant magnetoresistance of (001)fe/(001) cr magnetic superlattices', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol.61, p.2472.
2. Dieny, B., Speriosu, V.S., Parkin, S.S.P., Gurney, B.A., Whilhoit, D.R. and Mauri, D. (1991) 'Giant magnetoresistance in soft ferromagnetic multilayers', Phys. Rev. B, Vol.43, pp.1297-1300
3. Moodera, J.S., Kinder, L.R., Wong, T.M. and Meservey, R. (1995) 'Large magnetoresistance at room-temperature in ferromagnetic thin-film tunnel-junctions', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol.74, pp.3273-3276.
4. 3/Fe junction', J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol.139, p.L231.
5. Parkin, S.S.P., Kaiser, C., Pan Chula, A., Rice, P.M., Hughes, B., Samant, M. and Yang, S.H. (2004) 'Giant tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO (100) tunnel barriers', Nat. Mater., Vol.3, p.862.
6. Yuasa, S., Nagahama, T., Fukushima, A., Suzuki, Y. and Ando, K. (2004) 'Giant room-temperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions', Nat. Mater., Vol.3, p.868.
7. Yuasa, S., Fukushima, A., Kubota, H., Suzuki, Y. and Ando, K. (2006)'Giant tunneling magnetoresistance up to 410% at room temperature in fully epitaxial Co/MgO/Co magnetic tunnel junctions with bcc Co(001) electrodes', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.89, p.042505.
8. Butler, W.H., Zhang, X-G., Schulthess, T.C. and MacLaren, J.M. (2001) 'Spin-dependent tunneling conductance of Fe vertical bar MgO vertical bar Fe sandwiches', Phys. Rev. B, Vol.63, p.054416.
9. Mathon, J. and Umerski, A. (2001) 'Theory of tunneling magnetoresistance of an epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe(001) junction', Phys. Rev. B, Vol.63, p.220403.
10. Slonczewski, J. (1996) 'Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers', J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Vol.159, p.L1.
11. Berger, L. (1996) 'Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current', Phys. Rev. B, Vol.54, p.9359.
12. Tsoi, M., Jansen, A.G.M., Bass, J., Chiang, W-C., Seck, M., Tsoi, V. and Wyder, P. (1998) 'Excitation of a magnetic multilayer by an electric current', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol.80, p.428
13. Tsoi, M., Jansen, A.G.M., Bass, J., Chiang, W-C., Seck, M., Tsoi, V. and Wyder, P. 2000) 'Generation and detection of phase-coherent current-driven magnons in magnetic multilayers', Nature, London, Vol.406, p.6791.
14. Wegrowe, J-E., Kelly, D., Jaccard, Y., Guittienne, Ph. and Ansermet, J-Ph. (1999) 'Current-induced magnetization reversal in magnetic nanowires', Europhys. Lett., Vol.45, p.626.
15. Katine, J., Albert, F.J., Buhrman, R.A., Myers, E.B. and Ralph, D.C. (2000) 'Current-driven magnetization reversal and spin-wave excitations in Co/Cu/Co pillars', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol.84, p.3149.
16. Stiles, M.D. and Zangwill, A. (2002) 'Anatomy of spin-transfer torque', Phys. Rev. B, Vol.66, p.014407.
17. Deac, A., Lee, K.J., Liu, Y., Redon, O., Li, M., Wang, P., Nozières, J.P. and Dieny B. (2006) 'Current-induced magnetization switching in exchange-biased spin valves for current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance heads', Phys. Rev. B, Vol.73, No.6, p.064414.
18. Huai, Y., Albert, F., Nguyen, P., Pakala, M. and Valet, T. (2004) 'Observation of spin-transfer switching in deep submicron-sized and low-resistance magnetic tunnel junctions', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.84, p.3118.
19. Morrish, A.H. (2001) The Physical Principles of Magnetism, ISBN 0-7803-6029-X, Wiley-VCH.
20. Huai, Y., Pakala, M., Diao, Z. and Ding, Y. (2005) 'Spin transfer switching current reduction in magnetic tunnel junction based dual spin filter structures', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.87, p.222510.
21. Hayakawa, J., Hayakawa, J., Ikeda, S., Lee, Y.M., Sasaki, R., Meguro, T., Matsukura, F., Takahashi, H. and Ohno, H. (2005) 'Current-driven magnetization switching in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions', Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol.44, p.L1267.
22. Dieny, B. and Redon, O. (2001) 'Magnetic tunnel junction magnetic device, memory and write and reading methods using said device', patent FR2832542, US6950335B2 (Filed 16th November 2001).
23. Prejbeanu, I.L., Kula, W., Ounadjela, K., Sousa, R.C., Redon, O., Dieny, B. and Nozières, J.P. (2004) 'Thermally assisted switching in exchange-biased storage layer magnetic tunnel junctions', IEEE Trans. Mag., Vol.40, No.4, p.2625.
24. Prejbeanu, I.L., Kerkes, M., Sousa, R.C., Sibuet, H., Redon, O., Dieny, B. and Nozières, J.P. (2007) 'Thermall assisted MRAM', J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, Vol.19, p.165218.
25. Nakayama, M., Kai, T., Shimomura, N., Amano, M., Kitagawa, E., Nagase, T., Yoshikawa, M., Kishi, T., Ikegawa, S. and Yoda, H. (2008) 'Spin transfer switching in TbCoFe/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB/TbCoFe magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy', J. Appl. Phys., Vol.103, p.07A710.
26. Sousa, R.C., Kerekes, M., Prejbeanu, I.L., Redon, O., Dieny, B., Nozières, J.P. and Freitas, P.P. (2006) 'Crossover in heating regimes of thermally assisted magnetic memories', J. Appl. Phys., Vol.99, No.8, p.08N904.
27. Hosomi, M., Yamagishi, H., Yamamoto, T., Bessho, K., Higo, Y., Yamane, K., Yamada, H., Shoji, M. and Kano, H. (SONY) (2005) 'A novel nonvolatile memory with spin torque transfer magnetization switching: spin-ram', IEEE Elec. Dev. Meeting 2005 Technical Digest, IEEE International, pp.473-476.
28. Tehrani, S., Slaughter, J.M., Chen, E., Durlam, M., Shi, J. and DeHerren, M. (1999) 'Progress and outlook for MRAM technology', IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.35, p.2814.
29. In Greek mythology, Janus (or Ianus) was the god of gates, doors, doorways, beginnings and endings. It was represented with two faces. In Janus devices, the two faces are the CMOS device (right on the Si wafer) and the magnetic tunnel junction (vertically interconnected to the CMOS device through a via).
30. Prenat, G., El Baraji, M., Guo, W., Sousa, R., Buda-Prejbeanu, L., Dieny, B., Javerliac, V., Nozieres, J.P., Zhao, W. and Belhaire, E. (2007) 'CMOS/magnetic hybrid architectures', IEEE Int. Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, Marrakech (Maroc), Vols. 1-4, pp.190-193.
31. Zhao, W., Belhaire, E., Mistral, Q., Chapped, C., Javerliac, V., Dieny, B. and Nicolle, E. (2006) 'Macro-model of spin-transfer torque based magnetic tunnel junction device for hybrid magnetic-CMOS design', Proceedings-of-the- 2006-IEEE-International-Behavioral-Modelingand-Simulation-Workshop-IEEE-Cat.-No. -06TH8895, pp.40-43.
32. Zhao, W., Belhaire, E., Javerliac, V., Chappert, C. and Dieny, B. (2006) 'A non-volatile flip-flop in magnetic FPGA chip', Proceedings International Conference on Design and Test of Integrated Systems in Nanoscale Technology, pp.323-326.
33. Zhao, W., Belhaire, E., Javerliac, V., Chappert, C. and Dieny, B. (2006) 'Evaluation of a Non-volatile FPGA based on MRAM technology', Proceedings International Conference on Integrated Circuit Design and Technology, pp.17-20.
34. Matsunaga, S., Hayakawa, J., Ikeda, S., Miura, K., Hasegawa, K., Endoh, T., Ohno, H. and Hanyu, T. (2008) 'Fabrication of a nonvolatile full adder based on logic-in-memory architecture using magnetic tunnel junctions', Appl. Phys. Exp., Vol.1, p.091301.
35. Matsunaga, S., Hiyama, K., Matsumoto, A., Ikeda, S., Hasegawa, A., Miura, K., Hayakawa, J., Endoh, T., Ohno, H., and Hanyu, T. (2009) 'Standby-power-free compact ternary content-addressable memory cell chip using magnetic tunnel junction devices', Appl. Phys. Exp., Vol.2, p.023004.
36. Kiselev, S.I., Sankey, J.C., Krivorotov, I.N., Emley, N.C., Schoelkopf, R.J., Buhrman, R.A., Ralph, D.C. (2003) 'Microwave oscillations of a nanomagnet driven by a spin-polarized current', Nature, Vol.425, p.380.
37. Rippard, W.H., Pufall, M.R., Kaka, S., Russek, S.E. and Silva, T.J. (2004) 'Direct-current induced dynamics in Co90Fe10/Ni80Fe20 point contacts', Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol.92, p.27201.
38. Redon, O., Dieny, B. and Rodmacq, B. (2000) 'Magnetic spin polarisation and magnetisation rotation device with memory and writing process, using such a device', patent US6532164B2.
39. Lee, K.J., Redon, O. and Dieny, B. (2005) 'Analytical investigation of spin-transfer dynamics using a perpendicular-to-plane polarizer', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.86, pp.22505-22507.
40. Houssameddine, D., Ebels, U., Delaët, B., Rodmacq, B., Firastrau, I., Ponthenier, F., Brunet, M., Thirion, C., Michel, J.P., Prejbeanu-Buda, L., Cyrille, M.C., Redon, O. and Dieny, B. (2007) 'Spin-torque oscillator using a perpendicular polarizer and a planar free layer', Nat. Mater., Vol.6, p.447.
41. Houssameddine, D., Florez, S.H., Katine, J.A., Michel, J.P., Ebels, U., Mauri, D., Ozatay, O., Delaët, B., Viala, B., Folks, L., Terris, B.D. and Cyrille, M.C. (2008) 'Spin transfer induced coherent microwave emission with large power from nanoscale MgO tunnel junctions', Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol.93, p.022505.