Working Memory Demands Impair Skill Acquisition in Children With ADHD

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 119, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 174-185

  Huang Pollock, Cynthia L ^a   Karalunas, Sarah L ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

ADHD; automaticity; skill acquisition; subtypes; working memory

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARITHMETIC; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL CAPACITY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MENTAL TASK; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PSYCHOEDUCATION; PSYCHOTHERAPY; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 77249145986     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0017862     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Ackerman P.T., Anhalt J.M., Holcomb P.J., and Dykman R.A. Presumably innate and acquired automatic processes in children with attention or reading disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 27 (1986) 513-529
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. (1994), Author, Washington, DC
3. Anderson J.R. Acquisition of cognitive skill. Psychological Review 89 (1982) 369-406
4. Barkley R.A. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin 121 (1997) 65-94
5. Barkley R.A. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. 2nd ed. (1998), Guilford Press, New York, NY
6. Barkley R.A. Major life activity and health outcomes associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 63 Suppl. 12 (2002) 10-15
7. Barkley R.A., Anastopoulos A.D., Guevremont D.C., and Fletcher K.E. Adolescents with ADHD: Patterns of behavioral adjustment, academic functioning, and treatment utilization. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 30 (1991) 752-761
8. Barkley R.A., Dupaul G.J., and McMurray M.B. Comprehensive evaluation of attention-deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 58 (1990) 775-789
9. Barkley R.A., Dupaul G.J., and McMurray M.B. Attention-deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: Clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate. Pediatrics 87 (1991) 519-531
10. Bayliss D.M., Jarrold C., Baddeley A.D., Gunn D.M., and Leigh E. Mapping the developmental constraints on working memory span performance. Developmental Psychology 41 (2005) 579-597
11. Biederman J., Monuteaux M.C., Doyle A., Seidman L.J., Wilens T.E., Ferrero F., and Faraone S.V. Impact of executive function deficits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on academic outcomes in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 72 (2004) 757-766
12. Blakemore S.-J., and Frith U. The learning brain: Lessons for education (2005), Blackwell, Malden, MA
13. Borger N., and van der Meere J. Motor control and state regulation in children with ADHD: A cardiac response study. Biological Psychology 51 (2000) 247-267
14. Bunge S.A., and Zelazo P.D. A brain-based account of the development of rule use in childhood. Current Directions in Psychological Science 15 (2006) 118-121
15. Bush G., Valera E.M., and Seidman L.J. Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and suggested future directions. Biological Psychiatry 57 (2005) 1273-1284
16. Castellanos F.X., Sonuga-Barke E.J.S., Scheres A., Di Martino A., Hyde C., and Walters J.R. Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biological Psychiatry 57 (2005) 1416-1423
17. Castellanos F.X., and Tannock R. Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3 (2002) 617-628
18. Chang H.T., Klorman R., Shaywitz S.E., Fletcher J.M., Marchione K.E., Holahan J.M., and Shaywitz B.A. Paired-associate learning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a function of hyperactivity-impulsivity and oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 27 (1999) 237-245
19. Chapman L.J., and Chapman J.P. Problems in measurement of cognitive deficit. Psychological Bulletin 79 (1973) 380-385
20. Chapman L.J., and Chapman J.P. Measurement of differential deficit. Journal of Psychiatric Research 14 (1978) 303-311
21. Chapman L.J., and Chapman J.P. Commentary on two articles concerning generalized and specific cognitive deficits. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 110 (2001) 31-39
22. Cheng P.W. Restructuring versus automaticity: Alternative accounts of skill acquisition. Psychological Review 92 (1985) 414-423
23. Chhabildas N., Pennington B.F., and Willcutt E.G. A comparison of the neuropsychological profiles of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 29 (2001) 529-540
24. Cohen P., and Cohen J. The clinician's illusion. Archives of General Psychiatry 41 (1984) 1178-1182
25. Conners C.K. Conners' Rating Scales: Revised technical manual (2001), Multi-Health Systems, New York, NY
26. Conte R., Kinsbourne M., Swanson J., Zirk H., and Samuels M. Presentation rate effects on paired associate learning by attention deficit disordered children. Child Development 57 (1986) 681-687
27. Daneman M., and Merikle P.M. Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 3 (1996) 422-433
28. Diamond A. Attention-deficit disorder (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without hyperactivity): A neurobiologically and behaviorally distinct disorder from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (with hyperactivity). Developmental Psychopathology 17 (2005) 807-825
29. Douglas V.I., and Benezra E. Supraspan verbal memory in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity normal and reading-disabled boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 18 (1990) 617-638
30. DuPaul G., Power T., Anastopoulos A., and Reid R. ADHD Rating Scale-IV: Checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation (1998), Guilford Press, New York, NY
31. Frazier T.W., Youngstrom E.A., Glutting J.J., and Watkins M.W. ADHD and achievement: Meta-analysis of the child, adolescent, and adult literatures and a concomitant study with college students. Journal of Learning Disabilities 40 (2007) 49-65
32. Fry A.F., and Hale S. Processing speed, working memory, and fluid intelligence: Evidence for a developmental cascade. Psychological Science 7 (1996) 237-241
33. Gathercole S.E., and Pickering S.J. Working memory deficits in children with low achievements in the national curriculum at 7 years of age. British Journal of Educational Psychology 70 (2000) 177-194
34. Goodman S.H., Lahey B.B., Fielding B., Dulcan M., Narrow W., and Regier D. Representativeness of clinical samples of youths with mental disorders: A preliminary population-based study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 106 (1997) 3-14
35. Goodyear P., and Hynd G.W. Attention deficit disorder with (ADD/H) and without (ADD/WO) hyperactivity: Behavioral and neuropsychological differentiation. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 21 (1992) 273-305
36. Greenhill L. Stimulant medication treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In: Cooper J., and Jensen P. (Eds). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: State of the science: Best practices (2002), Civic Research Institute, Kingston, NJ 1-27 Chapt. 9
37. Hinshaw S.P. Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin 111 (1992) 127-155
38. Hinshaw S.P. Preadolescent girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Background characteristics, comorbidity, cognitive and social functioning, and parenting practices. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 (2002) 1086-1098
39. Hinshaw S.P., Carte E.T., Sami N., Treuting J.J., and Zupan B.A. Preadolescent girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: II. Neuropsychological performance in relation to subtypes and individual classification. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 (2002) 1099-1111
40. Huang-Pollock C., Mikami A.Y., Pfiffner L., and McBurnett K. ADHD subtype differences in motivational responsivity but not inhibitory control: Evidence from a reward-based variation of the stop signal paradigm. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 36 (2007) 127-136
41. Huang-Pollock C., and Nigg J.T. Searching for the attention deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The case of visuospatial orienting. Clinical Psychology Review 23 (2003) 801-830
42. Huang-Pollock C., Nigg J.T., and Carr T.H. Deficient attention is hard to find: Applying the perceptual load model of selective attention to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46 (2005) 1211-1218
43. Huang-Pollock C., Nigg J.T., and Halperin J.M. Single dissociation findings of ADHD deficits in vigilance but not anterior or posterior attention systems. Neuropsychology 20 (2006) 420-429
44. Hynd G.W., Lorys A.R., Semrud-Clikeman M., Nieves N., Huettner M.I.S., and Lahey B.B. Attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity: A distinct behavioral and neurocognitive syndrome. Journal of Child Neurology 6 Suppl. (1991) S37-S43
45. Jensen P.S., Rubio-Stipec M., Canino G., Bird H.R., Dulcan M.K., Schwab-Stone M.E., and Lahey B.B. Parent and child contributions to diagnosis of mental disorder: Are both informants always necessary?. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38 (1999) 1569-1579
46. Klorman R., Hazel-Fernandez L.A., Shaywitz S.E., Fletcher J.M., Marchione K.E., Holahan J.M., and Shaywitz B.A. Executive functioning deficits in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are independent of oppositional defiant or reading disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38 (1999) 1148-1155
47. Knight R.A., and Silverstein S.M. A process-oriented approach for averting confounds resulting from general performance deficiencies in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 110 (2001) 15-30
48. Lahey B.B., Applegate B., McBurnett K., Biederman J., Greenhill L., Hynd G.W., and Richters J. DSM-IV field trials for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry 151 (1994) 1673-1685
49. Littell R.C., Stroup W.W., and Freund R.J. SAS for linear models. 4th ed. (2002), Wiley, Cary, NC
50. Lockwood K.A., Marcotte A.C., and Stern C. Differentiation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes: Application of a neuropsychological model of attention. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 23 (2001) 317-330
51. Logan G. Toward an instance theory of automatization. Psychological Review 95 (1988) 492-527
52. Logan G. Attention and preattention in theories of automaticity. American Journal of Psychology 105 (1992) 317-339
53. Logan G. An instance theory of attention and memory. Psychological Review 109 (2002) 376-400
54. Losier B.J., McGrath P.J., and Klein R.M. Error patterns on the Continuous Performance Test in non-medicated and medicated samples of children with and without ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 37 (1996) 971-987
55. Mannuzza S., and Klein R.G. Long-term prognosis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 9 (2000) 711-726
56. Mariani M.A., and Barkley R.A. Neuropsychological and academic functioning in preschool boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Neuropsychology 13 (1997) 111-129
57. Martinussen R., Hayden J., Hogg-Johnson S., and Tannock R. A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 44 (2005) 377-384
58. Milich R., Balentine A.C., and Lynam D.R. ADHD combined type and ADHD predominantly inattentive type are distinct and unrelated disorders. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 8 (2001) 463-488
59. Nicolson R.I., Fawcett A.J., and Dean P. Developmental dyslexia: The cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Trends in Neurosciences 24 (2001) 508-511
60. Nigg J.T., Blaskey L.G., Huang-Pollock C., and Rappley M.D. Neuropsychological executive functions and DSM-IV ADHD subtypes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41 (2002) 59-66
61. Nigg J.T., Willcutt E.G., Doyle A., and Sonuga-Barke E.J.S. Causal heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Do we need neuropsychologically impaired subtypes?. Biological Psychiatry 57 (2005) 1224-1230
62. Offord D.R., Boyle M.H., Racine Y., Szatmari P., Fleming J.E., Sanford M., and Lipman E.L. Integrating assessment data from multiple informants. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 35 (1996) 1078-1085
63. Pennington B.F., and Ozonoff S. Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37 (1996) 51-87
64. Posner M., and Petersen S.E. The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience 13 (1990) 25-42
65. Posner M., and Rothbart M.K. Educating the human brain (2007), American Psychological Association, Washington, DC
66. Rapport M.D., Scanlan S.W., and Denney C.B. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and scholastic achievement: A model of dual developmental pathways. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 40 (1999) 1169-1183
67. Reynolds C., and Kamphaus R. Behavioral assessment system for children: Manual. 2nd ed. (2004), American Guidance Service, Circle Pines, MN
68. Rowland A.S., Skipper B., Rabiner D.L., Umbach D.M., Stallone L., Campbell R.A., and Sandler D.P. The shifting subtypes of ADHD: Classification depends on how symptom reports are combined. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 36 (2008) 731-743
69. Sattler J. Assessment of children: Cognitive foundations. 5th ed. (2008), Jerome M. Sattler, San Diego, CA
70. Sattler J. Resource guide to accompany assessment of children: Cognitive foundations. 5th ed. (2008), Jerome M. Sattler, San Diego, CA
71. Schneider W., Eschman A., and Zuccolotto A. Eprime user's guide (2002), Psychology Software Tools, Pittsburgh, PA
72. Semrud-Clikeman M., Biederman J., Sprichbuckminster S., Lehman B.K., Faraone S.V., and Norman D. Comorbidity between ADDH and learning disability: A review and report in a clinically referred sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 31 (1992) 439-448
73. Shaffer D., Fisher P., Lucas C.P., Dulcan M.K., and Schwab-Stone M.E. NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 39 (2000) 28-38
74. Shiffrin R.M., and Schneider W. Controlled and automatic human information processing. II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84 (1977) 127-190
75. Shiffrin R.M., and Schneider W. Automatic and controlled processing revisited. Psychological Review 91 (1984) 269-276
76. Singer J. Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 23 (1998) 323-355
77. Strauss M.E. Demonstrating specific cognitive deficits: A psychometric perspective. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 110 (2001) 6-14
78. Swanson J.M., and Castellanos F.X. Biological bases of ADHD: Neuroanatomy, genetics, and pathophysiology. In: Jensen P.S., and Cooper J.R. (Eds). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: State of the science: Best practices (2002), Civic Research Institute, Kingston, NJ 1-20 Chapt. 7
79. Treisman A., Vieira A., and Hayes A. Automaticity and preattentive processing. American Journal of Psychology 105 (1992) 341-362
80. Valera E.M., Faraone S.V., Murray K.E., and Seidman L.J. Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry 61 (2007) 1361-1369
81. van der Meere J., and Sergeant J. Acquisition of attention skill in pervasively hyperactive children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 29 (1988) 301-310
82. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition: Technical and interpretive manual (2003), Harcourt Brace, San Antonio, TX
83. Willcutt E.G., Doyle A., Nigg J.T., Faraone S.V., and Pennington B.F. Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry 57 (2005) 1336-1346