메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 327-335

Arsenic-induced carcinogenesissoxidative stress as a possible mode of action and future research needs for more biologically based risk assessment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 HYDROXYNONENAL; 8 HYDROXYDEOXYGUANOSINE; ANTIOXIDANT; ARSENIC; GROWTH FACTOR; MALONALDEHYDE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; CARCINOGEN;

EID: 77049126844     PISSN: 0893228X     EISSN: 15205010     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/tx900343d     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (189)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 4243789632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC
    • National Research Council (1999) Health Effects of Arsenic, pp 83- 149, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1999) Health Effects of Arsenic , pp. 83-149
  • 2
    • 0000065016 scopus 로고
    • Arsenic cancer
    • Hutchinson, J. (1887) Arsenic cancer. Br. Med. J. 2, 1280-1281.
    • (1887) Br. Med.J. , vol.2 , pp. 1280-1281
    • Hutchinson, J.1
  • 3
    • 0014265743 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan
    • Tseng, W. P., Chu, H. M., How, S. H., Fong, J. M., Lin, C. S., and Yeh, S. (1968) Prevalence of skin cancer in an endemic area of chronic arsenicism in Taiwan. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 40, 453-463.
    • (1968) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.40 , pp. 453-463
    • Tseng, W.P.1    Chu, H.M.2    How, S.H.3    Fong, J.M.4    Lin, C.S.5    Yeh, S.6
  • 4
    • 0024802195 scopus 로고
    • Doseresponse relation between arsenic concentration in well water and mortality from cancers and vascular diseases
    • Wu, M. M., Kuo, T. L., Hwang, Y. H., and Chen, C. J. (1989) Doseresponse relation between arsenic concentration in well water and mortality from cancers and vascular diseases. Am. J. Epidemiol. 130, 1123-1132.
    • (1989) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.130 , pp. 1123-1132
    • Wu, M.M.1    Kuo, T.L.2    Hwang, Y.H.3    Chen, C.J.4
  • 5
    • 0030987459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic in drinking water and incidence of urinary cancers
    • Guo, H. R., Chiang, H. S., Hu, H., Lipsitz, S. R., and Monson, R. R. (1997) Arsenic in drinking water and incidence of urinary cancers. Epidemiology 8, 545-550.
    • (1997) Epidemiology , vol.8 , pp. 545-550
    • Guo, H.R.1    Chiang, H.S.2    Hu, H.3    Lipsitz, S.R.4    Monson, R.R.5
  • 6
    • 0032054940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marked increase in bladder and lung cancer mortality in a region of Northern Chile due to arsenic in drinking water
    • Smith, A. H., Goycolea, M., Haque, R., and Biggs, M. L. (1998) Marked increase in bladder and lung cancer mortality in a region of Northern Chile due to arsenic in drinking water. Am. J. Epidemiol. 147, 660-669.
    • (1998) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.147 , pp. 660-669
    • Smith, A.H.1    Goycolea, M.2    Haque, R.3    Biggs, M.L.4
  • 8
    • 0031658020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung and kidney cancer mortality associated with arsenic in drinking water in Cordoba
    • Hopenhayn-Rich, C., Biggs, M. L., and Smith, A. H. (1998) Lung and kidney cancer mortality associated with arsenic in drinking water in Cordoba, Argentina. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27, 561-569.
    • (1998) Argentina. Int. J. Epidemiol. , vol.27 , pp. 561-569
    • Hopenhayn-Rich, C.1    Biggs, M.L.2    Smith, A.H.3
  • 9
    • 0036053457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid in male F344 rats and genetic alterations in induced urinary bladder tumors
    • Wei, M., Wanibuchi, H., Morimura, K., Iwai, S., Yoshida, K., Endo, G., Nakae, D., and Fukushima, S. (2002) Carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid in male F344 rats and genetic alterations in induced urinary bladder tumors. Carcinogenesis 23, 1387-1397.
    • (2002) Carcinogenesis , vol.23 , pp. 1387-1397
    • Wei, M.1    Wanibuchi, H.2    Morimura, K.3    Iwai, S.4    Yoshida, K.5    Endo, G.6    Nakae, D.7    Fukushima, S.8
  • 10
    • 0033934631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K6/ODC transgenic mice as a sensitive model for carcinogen identification
    • Chen, Y., Megosh, L. C., Gilmour, S. K., Sawicki, J. A., and O'Brien, T. G. (2000) K6/ODC transgenic mice as a sensitive model for carcinogen identification. Toxicol. Lett. 116, 27-35.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.116 , pp. 27-35
    • Chen, Y.1    Megosh, L.C.2    Gilmour, S.K.3    Sawicki, J.A.4    O'brien, T.G.5
  • 11
    • 0032513095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethylarsenic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenics, has tumorigenicity and progression effects in the pulmonary tumors of A/J mice
    • Hayashi, H., Kanisawa, M., Yamanaka, K., Ito, T., Udaka, N., Ohji, H., Okudela, K., Okada, S., and Kitamura, H. (1998) Dimethylarsenic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenics, has tumorigenicity and progression effects in the pulmonary tumors of A/J mice. Cancer Lett. 125, 83-88.
    • (1998) Cancer Lett. , vol.125 , pp. 83-88
    • Hayashi, H.1    Kanisawa, M.2    Yamanaka, K.3    Ito, T.4    Udaka, N.5    Ohji, H.6    Okudela, K.7    Okada, S.8    Kitamura, H.9
  • 12
    • 0242643756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver tumorigenicity of trimethylarsine oxide in male Fischer 344 ratssAssociation with oxidative DNA damage and enhanced cell proliferation
    • Shen, J., Wanibuchi, H., Salim, E. I., Wei, M., Kinoshita, A., Yoshida, K., Endo, G., and Fukushima, S. (2003) Liver tumorigenicity of trimethylarsine oxide in male Fischer 344 ratssAssociation with oxidative DNA damage and enhanced cell proliferation. Carcinogenesis 24, 1827-1835.
    • (2003) Carcinogenesis , vol.24 , pp. 1827-1835
    • Shen, J.1    Wanibuchi, H.2    Salim, E.I.3    Wei, M.4    Kinoshita, A.5    Yoshida, K.6    Endo, G.7    Fukushima, S.8
  • 13
    • 41949083256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue levels of arsenicals and skin tumor response following administration of monomethylarsonous acid and arsenite to K6/ODC mice
    • Chen, Y., O'Brien, T. G., Del Razo, L. M., Thomas, D. J., and Kitchin, K. T. (2008) Tissue levels of arsenicals and skin tumor response following administration of monomethylarsonous acid and arsenite to K6/ODC mice. J. Environ. Pathol., Toxicol. Oncol. 27, 43-52.
    • (2008) J. Environ. Pathol Toxicol. Oncol. , vol.27 , pp. 43-52
    • Chen, Y.1    O'brien, T.G.2    Del Razo, L.M.3    Thomas, D.J.4    Kitchin, K.T.5
  • 14
    • 0037284858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplacental carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in the drinking water: Induction of hepatic, ovarian, pulmonary, and adrenal tumors in mice
    • Waalkes, M. P., Ward, J. M., Liu, J., and Diwan, B. A. (2003) Transplacental carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in the drinking water: Induction of hepatic, ovarian, pulmonary, and adrenal tumors in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 186, 7-17.
    • (2003) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.186 , pp. 7-17
    • Waalkes, M.P.1    Ward, J.M.2    Liu, J.3    Diwan, B.A.4
  • 15
    • 39549101455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of protein binding of trivalent arsenicals in arsenic carcinogenesis and toxicity
    • Kitchin, K. T., and Wallace, K. (2008) The role of protein binding of trivalent arsenicals in arsenic carcinogenesis and toxicity. J. Inorg. Biochem. 102, 532-539.
    • (2008) J. Inorg. Biochem. , vol.102 , pp. 532-539
    • Kitchin, K.T.1    Wallace, K.2
  • 16
    • 0029928744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for arsenic exposure. I. Development in hamsters and rabbits
    • Mann, S., Droz, P. O., and Vahter, M. (1996) A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for arsenic exposure. I. Development in hamsters and rabbits. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 137, 8-22.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.137 , pp. 8-22
    • Mann, S.1    Droz, P.O.2    Vahter, M.3
  • 17
    • 0030273804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for arsenic exposure. II. Validation and application in humans
    • Mann, S., Droz, P. O., and Vahter, M. (1996) A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for arsenic exposure. II. Validation and application in humans. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 140, 471-486.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.140 , pp. 471-486
    • Mann, S.1    Droz, P.O.2    Vahter, M.3
  • 19
    • 47849092356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for intravenous and ingested dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) in mice
    • Evans, M., Dowd, S., Kenyon, E., Hughes, M., and El-Masri, H. (2008) A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for intravenous and ingested dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) in mice. Toxicol. Sci. 104, 250-260.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.104 , pp. 250-260
    • Evans, M.1    Dowd, S.2    Kenyon, E.3    Hughes, M.4    El-Masri, H.5
  • 20
    • 41049110206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for inorganic arsenic and its mono- and di-methylated metabolites
    • El-Masri, H. A., and Kenyon, E. M. (2008) Development of a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for inorganic arsenic and its mono- and di-methylated metabolites. J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. 35, 31-68.
    • (2008) J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. , vol.35 , pp. 31-68
    • El-Masri, H.A.1    Kenyon, E.M.2
  • 22
    • 0035154364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a biologically based dose-response model for developmental toxicity of 5-fluorouracil in the rat: A mathematical construct
    • Setzer, R. W., Lau, C., Mole, M. L., Copeland, M. F., Rogers, J. M., and Kavlock, R. J. (2001) Toward a biologically based dose-response model for developmental toxicity of 5-fluorouracil in the rat: A mathematical construct. Toxicol. Sci. 59, 49-58.
    • (2001) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 49-58
    • Setzer, R.W.1    Lau, C.2    Mole, M.L.3    Copeland, M.F.4    Rogers, J.M.5    Kavlock, R.J.6
  • 23
    • 40949107694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biologically based dose-response model for dietary iodide and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the adult rat: Evaluation of iodide deficiency
    • McLanahan, E. D., Andersen, M. E., and Fisher, J. W. (2008) A biologically based dose-response model for dietary iodide and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the adult rat: evaluation of iodide deficiency. Toxicol. Sci. 102, 241-253.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.102 , pp. 241-253
    • McLanahan, E.D.1    Andersen, M.E.2    Fisher, J.W.3
  • 24
    • 8444227400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human respiratory tract cancer risks of inhaled formaldehyde: Dose-response predictions derived from biologically-motivated computational modeling of a combined rodent and human dataset
    • Conolly, R. B., Kimbell, J. S., Janszen, D., Schlosser, P. M., Kalisak, D., Preston, J., and Miller, F. J. (2004) Human respiratory tract cancer risks of inhaled formaldehyde: dose-response predictions derived from biologically-motivated computational modeling of a combined rodent and human dataset. Toxicol. Sci. 82, 279-296.
    • (2004) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 279-296
    • Conolly, R.B.1    Kimbell, J.S.2    Janszen, D.3    Schlosser, P.M.4    Kalisak, D.5    Preston, J.6    Miller, F.J.7
  • 27
    • 2342439267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the application of data on mode of action to carcinogenic risk assessment
    • Rice, J. M. (2004) On the application of data on mode of action to carcinogenic risk assessment. Toxicol. Sci. 78, 175-177.
    • (2004) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.78 , pp. 175-177
    • Rice, J.M.1
  • 28
    • 26944445839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A risk assessment perspective: Application of mode of action and human relevance frameworks to the analysis of rodent tumor data
    • Dellarco, V. L., and Baetcke, K. (2005) A risk assessment perspective: application of mode of action and human relevance frameworks to the analysis of rodent tumor data. Toxicol. Sci. 86, 1-3.
    • (2005) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 1-3
    • Dellarco, V.L.1    Baetcke, K.2
  • 29
    • 0042863393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethylarsine and trimethylarsine are potent genotoxins in vitro
    • Andrewes, P., Kitchin, K. T., and Wallace, K. (2003) Dimethylarsine and trimethylarsine are potent genotoxins in vitro. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 16, 994-1003.
    • (2003) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.16 , pp. 994-1003
    • Andrewes, P.1    Kitchin, K.T.2    Wallace, K.3
  • 30
    • 70350241787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase gene in the mouse alters the phenotype for methylation of arsenic and affects distribution and retention of orally administered arsenate
    • Drobna, Z., Naranmandura, H., Kubachka, K. M., Edwards, B. C., Herbin-Davis, K., Styblo, M., Le, X. C., Creed, J. T., Maeda, N., Hughes, M. F., and Thomas, D. J. (2009) Disruption of the arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase gene in the mouse alters the phenotype for methylation of arsenic and affects distribution and retention of orally administered arsenate. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 22, 1713-1720.
    • (2009) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 1713-1720
    • Drobna, Z.1    Naranmandura, H.2    Kubachka, K.M.3    Edwards, B.C.4    Herbin-Davis, K.5    Styblo, M.6    Le, X.C.7    Creed, J.T.8    Maeda, N.9    Hughes, M.F.10    Thomas, D.J.11
  • 31
    • 0034759637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cellular metabolism and systemic toxicity of arsenic
    • Thomas, D. J., Styblo, M., and Lin, S. (2001) The cellular metabolism and systemic toxicity of arsenic. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 176, 127-144.
    • (2001) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.176 , pp. 127-144
    • Thomas, D.J.1    Styblo, M.2    Lin, S.3
  • 32
    • 0030793517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds: IV in vitro and in vivo deficiency of the methylation of arsenite and monomethylarsonic acid in the guinea pig
    • Healy, S. M., Zakharyan, R. A., and Aposhian, H. V. (1997) Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds: IV. In vitro and in vivo deficiency of the methylation of arsenite and monomethylarsonic acid in the guinea pig. Mutat. Res. 386, 229-239.
    • (1997) Mutat. Res. , vol.386 , pp. 229-239
    • Healy, S.M.1    Zakharyan, R.A.2    Aposhian, H.V.3
  • 34
    • 0033980631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosedependent effects on tissue distribution and metabolism of dimethylarsinic acid in the mouse after intravenous administration
    • Hughes, M. F., Del Razo, L. M., and Kenyon, E. M. (2000) Dosedependent effects on tissue distribution and metabolism of dimethylarsinic acid in the mouse after intravenous administration. Toxicology 143, 155-166.
    • (2000) Toxicology , vol.143 , pp. 155-166
    • Hughes, M.F.1    Del Razo, L.M.2    Kenyon, E.M.3
  • 35
    • 0035341195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in arsenic carcinogenesis: Modes of action, animal model systems, and methylated arsenic metabolites
    • Kitchin, K. T. (2001) Recent advances in arsenic carcinogenesis: Modes of action, animal model systems, and methylated arsenic metabolites. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 172, 249-261.
    • (2001) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.172 , pp. 249-261
    • Kitchin, K.T.1
  • 36
    • 34547595536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic, oxidative stress and carcinogenesis
    • (Singh, K., Ed.) , Imperial Collegge Press, London
    • Hughes, M., and Kitchin, K. (2006) Arsenic, oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. In Oxidative Stress, Disease and Cancer (Singh, K., Ed.) pp 825-850, Imperial Collegge Press, London.
    • (2006) Oxidative Stress, Disease and Cancer , pp. 825-850
    • Hughes, M.1    Kitchin, K.2
  • 37
    • 12244274337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress as a possible mode of action for arsenic carcinogenesis
    • Kitchin, K. T., and Ahmad, S. (2003) Oxidative stress as a possible mode of action for arsenic carcinogenesis. Toxicol. Lett. 137, 3-13.
    • (2003) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.137 , pp. 3-13
    • Kitchin, K.T.1    Ahmad, S.2
  • 38
    • 1642350435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen signaling in livers of male mice with hepatocellular carcinoma induced by exposure to arsenic in utero
    • Waalkes, M. P., Liu, J., Chen, H., Xie, Y., Achanzar, W. E., Zhou, Y. S., Cheng, M. L., and Diwan, B. A. (2004) Estrogen signaling in livers of male mice with hepatocellular carcinoma induced by exposure to arsenic in utero. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 96, 466-474.
    • (2004) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.96 , pp. 466-474
    • Waalkes, M.P.1    Liu, J.2    Chen, H.3    Xie, Y.4    Achanzar, W.E.5    Zhou, Y.S.6    Cheng, M.L.7    Diwan, B.A.8
  • 39
    • 53649083711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in C57BL6 mice following subchronic exposure to arsenate in drinking water
    • Kenyon, E. M., Hughes, M. F., Adair, B. M., Highfill, J. H., Crecelius, E. A., Clewell, H. J., and Yager, J. W. (2008) Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites in C57BL6 mice following subchronic exposure to arsenate in drinking water. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 232, 448-455.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.232 , pp. 448-455
    • Kenyon, E.M.1    Hughes, M.F.2    Adair, B.M.3    Highfill, J.H.4    Crecelius, E.A.5    Clewell, H.J.6    Yager, J.W.7
  • 40
    • 0037036581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmid DNA damage caused by methylated arsenicals, ascorbic acid and human liver ferritin
    • Ahmad, S., Kitchin, K. T., and Cullen, W. R. (2002) Plasmid DNA damage caused by methylated arsenicals, ascorbic acid and human liver ferritin. Toxicol. Lett. 133, 47-57.
    • (2002) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.133 , pp. 47-57
    • Ahmad, S.1    Kitchin, K.T.2    Cullen, W.R.3
  • 41
    • 34547592376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research toward the development of a biologically based dose response assessment for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity: A progress report
    • Clewell, H. J., Thomas, R. S., Gentry, P. R., Crump, K. S., Kenyon, E. M., El-Masri, H. A., and Yager, J. W. (2007) Research toward the development of a biologically based dose response assessment for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity: A progress report. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 222, 388-398.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.222 , pp. 388-398
    • Clewell, H.J.1    Thomas, R.S.2    Gentry, P.R.3    Crump, K.S.4    Kenyon, E.M.5    El-Masri, H.A.6    Yager, J.W.7
  • 42
    • 18544371009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress
    • Valko, M., Morris, H., and Cronin, M. T. (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr. Med. Chem. 12, 1161-1208.
    • (2005) Curr. Med. Chem. , vol.12 , pp. 1161-1208
    • Valko, M.1    Morris, H.2    Cronin, M.T.3
  • 43
    • 32444433202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stressinduced cancer
    • Valko, M., Rhodes, C. J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M., and Mazur, M. (2006) Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stressinduced cancer. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 160, 1-40.
    • (2006) Chem.-Biol. Interact. , vol.160 , pp. 1-40
    • Valko, M.1    Rhodes, C.J.2    Moncol, J.3    Izakovic, M.4    Mazur, M.5
  • 46
    • 0021263213 scopus 로고
    • The reduction of trimethylarsine oxide to trimethylarsine by thiols: A mechanistic model for the biological reduction of arsenicals
    • Cullen, W. R., McBride, B. C., and Reglinski, J. (1984) The reduction of trimethylarsine oxide to trimethylarsine by thiols: A mechanistic model for the biological reduction of arsenicals. J. Inorg. Biochem. 21, 45-60.
    • (1984) J. Inorg. Biochem. , vol.21 , pp. 45-60
    • Cullen, W.R.1    McBride, B.C.2    Reglinski, J.3
  • 47
    • 0034986099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenic, in mice promotes skin tumorigenesis initiated by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene with or without ultraviolet B as a promoter
    • Yamanaka, K., Mizol, M., Kato, K., Hasegawa, A., Nakano, M., and Okada, S. (2001) Oral administration of dimethylarsinic acid, a main metabolite of inorganic arsenic, in mice promotes skin tumorigenesis initiated by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene with or without ultraviolet B as a promoter. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 24, 510-514.
    • (2001) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.24 , pp. 510-514
    • Yamanaka, K.1    Mizol, M.2    Kato, K.3    Hasegawa, A.4    Nakano, M.5    Okada, S.6
  • 50
    • 0033977243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage and repair: Consequences on doseresponses
    • Moustacchi, E. (2000) DNA damage and repair: consequences on doseresponses. Mutat. Res. 464, 35-40.
    • (2000) Mutat. Res. , vol.464 , pp. 35-40
    • Moustacchi, E.1
  • 51
    • 39449085063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA-damage repair; The good, the bad, and the ugly
    • Hakem, R. (2008) DNA-damage repair; the good, the bad, and the ugly. EMBO J. 27, 589-605.
    • (2008) EMBO J. , vol.27 , pp. 589-605
    • Hakem, R.1
  • 52
    • 43149118356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hexavalent chromium-induced DNA damage and repair mechanisms
    • Wise, S. S., Holmes, A. L., and Wise, J. P., Sr. (2008) Hexavalent chromium-induced DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Rev. Environ. Health 23, 39-57.
    • (2008) Rev. Environ. Health , vol.23 , pp. 39-57
    • Wise, S.S.1    Holmes, A.L.2    Wise Sr., J.P.3
  • 53
    • 0242362757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of DNA repair processes by arsenic and selenium compounds
    • Hartwig, A., Blessing, H., Schwerdtle, T., and Walter, I. (2003) Modulation of DNA repair processes by arsenic and selenium compounds. Toxicology 193, 161-169.
    • (2003) Toxicology , vol.193 , pp. 161-169
    • Hartwig, A.1    Blessing, H.2    Schwerdtle, T.3    Walter, I.4
  • 56
    • 0023715743 scopus 로고
    • Biologically motivated two-stage model for cancer risk assessment
    • Moolgavkar, S. H. (1988) Biologically motivated two-stage model for cancer risk assessment. Toxicol. Lett. 43, 139-150.
    • (1988) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.43 , pp. 139-150
    • Moolgavkar, S.H.1
  • 57
    • 0028672061 scopus 로고
    • Biological models of carcinogenesis and quantitative cancer risk assessment
    • Moolgavkar, S. H. (1994) Biological models of carcinogenesis and quantitative cancer risk assessment. Risk Anal. 14, 879-882.
    • (1994) Risk Anal. , vol.14 , pp. 879-882
    • Moolgavkar, S.H.1
  • 58
    • 67349137142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human PBPK/PD model to assess arsenic exposure risk through farmed tilapia consumption
    • Ling, M. P., and Liao, C. M. (2009) A human PBPK/PD model to assess arsenic exposure risk through farmed tilapia consumption. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 83, 108-114.
    • (2009) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.83 , pp. 108-114
    • Ling, M.P.1    Liao, C.M.2
  • 60
    • 33947435182 scopus 로고
    • Biological methylation
    • Challenger, F. (1945) Biological methylation. Chem. Rev. 36, 315-361.
    • (1945) Chem. Rev. , vol.36 , pp. 315-361
    • Challenger, F.1
  • 61
    • 77049096779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arsenic's interactions with macromolecules and its relationship to carcinogenesis
    • (Sun, Hongzhe, Ed.) Wiley-Blackwell, United Kingdom
    • Kitchin, K. (2010) Arsenic's interactions with macromolecules and its relationship to carcinogenesis. In Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth (Sun, Hongzhe, Ed.) Wiley-Blackwell, United Kingdom.
    • (2010) Biological Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
    • Kitchin, K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.