메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 14-40

Chemistry of secondary polyphenols produced during processing of tea and selected foods

Author keywords

Black tea; Catechin; Ellagitannin; Oxidation; Polyphenol; Proanthocyanidin

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CATECHIN; CINNAMALDEHYDE; CINNAMON EXTRACT; ELLAGITANNIN; POLYPHENOL; PROANTHOCYANIDIN; QUINONE DERIVATIVE; THEAFLAVIN;

EID: 75349088398     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms11010014     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (157)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 33749590632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling the conundrum of tannins in animal nutrition and health
    • Mueller-Harvey, I. Unravelling the conundrum of tannins in animal nutrition and health. J. .Sci. Food Agric. 2006, 86, 2010-2037.
    • (2006) J. .Sci. Food Agric , vol.86 , pp. 2010-2037
    • Mueller-Harvey, I.1
  • 2
    • 62749098304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular action of polyphenols
    • Ghosh, D.; Scheepens, A. Vascular action of polyphenols. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2009, 53, 322-331.
    • (2009) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.53 , pp. 322-331
    • Ghosh, D.1    Scheepens, A.2
  • 3
    • 15044340025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary proanthocyanidins: Occurrence, dietary intake, bioavailability, and protection against cardiovascular disease
    • Rasmussen, S.E.; Frederiksen, H.; Krogholm, K.S.; Poulsen, L. Dietary proanthocyanidins: Occurrence, dietary intake, bioavailability, and protection against cardiovascular disease. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005, 49, 159-174.
    • (2005) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.49 , pp. 159-174
    • Rasmussen, S.E.1    Frederiksen, H.2    Krogholm, K.S.3    Poulsen, L.4
  • 4
    • 11844251211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proanthocyanidins: Biological activities associated with human health
    • Beecher, G.R. Proanthocyanidins: Biological activities associated with human health. Pharm. Biol. 2004, 42, 2-20.
    • (2004) Pharm. Biol , vol.42 , pp. 2-20
    • Beecher, G.R.1
  • 5
    • 24344443633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and biological significance of proanthocyanidins in the American diet
    • Prior, R.L.; Gu, L. Occurrence and biological significance of proanthocyanidins in the American diet. Phytochemistry 2005, 66, 2264-2280.
    • (2005) Phytochemistry , vol.66 , pp. 2264-2280
    • Prior, R.L.1    Gu, L.2
  • 7
    • 0036375465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of sanguiin H-6 against oxidative damage in renal mitochondria and apoptosis mediated by peroxynitrite in vivo
    • Yokozawa, T.; Chen, C.P.; Rhyu, D.Y.; Tanaka, T.; Park, J.C.; Kitani, K. Potential of sanguiin H-6 against oxidative damage in renal mitochondria and apoptosis mediated by peroxynitrite in vivo. Nephron 2002, 92, 133-141.
    • (2002) Nephron , vol.92 , pp. 133-141
    • Yokozawa, T.1    Chen, C.P.2    Rhyu, D.Y.3    Tanaka, T.4    Park, J.C.5    Kitani, K.6
  • 8
    • 84982339140 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative coupling of phenols. II. Structure and mechanism of the formation of dehydrodicatechin A
    • Weinges, K.; Ebert, W.; Huthwelker, D.; Mattauch, H.; Perner, J. Oxidative coupling of phenols. II. Structure and mechanism of the formation of dehydrodicatechin A. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1969, 726, 114-124.
    • (1969) Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem , vol.726 , pp. 114-124
    • Weinges, K.1    Ebert, W.2    Huthwelker, D.3    Mattauch, H.4    Perner, J.5
  • 9
    • 0030186877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural determination of colourless and yellow dimers resulting from (+)-catechin coupling catalysed by grape polyphenoloxidase
    • Guyot , S.; Vercauteren, J.; Cheynier, V. Structural determination of colourless and yellow dimers resulting from (+)-catechin coupling catalysed by grape polyphenoloxidase. Phytochemistry 1996, 42, 1279-1288.
    • (1996) Phytochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 1279-1288
    • Guyot, S.1    Vercauteren, J.2    Cheynier, V.3
  • 10
    • 0037181326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of theaflavin from epicatechin and epigallocatechin by plant homogenates and role of epicatechin quinone in the synthesis and degradation of theaflavin
    • Tanaka, T.; Mine, C.; Inoue, K.; Matsuda, M.; Kouno, I. Synthesis of theaflavin from epicatechin and epigallocatechin by plant homogenates and role of epicatechin quinone in the synthesis and degradation of theaflavin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 2142-2148.
    • (2002) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.50 , pp. 2142-2148
    • Tanaka, T.1    Mine, C.2    Inoue, K.3    Matsuda, M.4    Kouno, I.5
  • 11
    • 36148932220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of flavanoids in beer color instability during storage
    • Callemien, D.; Collin, S. Involvement of flavanoids in beer color instability during storage. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 9066-9073.
    • (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.55 , pp. 9066-9073
    • Callemien, D.1    Collin, S.2
  • 12
    • 0035876057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversed-phase and size-exclusion chromatography as useful tools in the resolution of peroxidase-mediated (+)-catechin oxidation products
    • Lopez-Serrano, M.; Ros Barcelo, A. Reversed-phase and size-exclusion chromatography as useful tools in the resolution of peroxidase-mediated (+)-catechin oxidation products. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 919, 267-273.
    • (2001) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.919 , pp. 267-273
    • Lopez-Serrano, M.1    Ros Barcelo, A.2
  • 13
    • 61649108406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proanthocyanidin glycosides from the leaves of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae)
    • Karioti, A.; Bilia, A.R.; Gabbiani, C.; Messori, L.; Skaltsa, H. Proanthocyanidin glycosides from the leaves of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae). Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1771-1776.
    • (2009) Tetrahedron Lett , vol.50 , pp. 1771-1776
    • Karioti, A.1    Bilia, A.R.2    Gabbiani, C.3    Messori, L.4    Skaltsa, H.5
  • 14
    • 0034093616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New monoterpene glycoside esters and phenolic constituents of Paeoniae Radix, and increase of water solubility of proanthocyanidins in the presence of paeoniflorin
    • Tanaka, T.; Kataoka, M.; Tsuboi, N.; Kouno, I. New monoterpene glycoside esters and phenolic constituents of Paeoniae Radix, and increase of water solubility of proanthocyanidins in the presence of paeoniflorin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2000, 48, 201-207.
    • (2000) Chem. Pharm. Bull , vol.48 , pp. 201-207
    • Tanaka, T.1    Kataoka, M.2    Tsuboi, N.3    Kouno, I.4
  • 15
    • 77955666153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yoshikado, N.; Taniguchi, S.; Kasajima, N.; Ohashi, F.; Doi, K.; Shibata, T.; Yoshida, T.; Hatano, T. Uncariagambiriine and gambircatechol: Novel constituents of Uncaria gambir leaves. Heterocycles 2009, 77, 793-800.
    • Yoshikado, N.; Taniguchi, S.; Kasajima, N.; Ohashi, F.; Doi, K.; Shibata, T.; Yoshida, T.; Hatano, T. Uncariagambiriine and gambircatechol: Novel constituents of Uncaria gambir leaves. Heterocycles 2009, 77, 793-800.
  • 17
    • 84948024243 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the mechanism of the oxidation of tea leaf catechins. Part III. Formation of a reddish orange pigment and its spectral relationship to some benzotropolone derivatives
    • Takino, Y.; Imagawa, H.; Horikawa, H.; Tanaka, A. Studies on the mechanism of the oxidation of tea leaf catechins. Part III. Formation of a reddish orange pigment and its spectral relationship to some benzotropolone derivatives. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1964, 28, 64-71.
    • (1964) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.28 , pp. 64-71
    • Takino, Y.1    Imagawa, H.2    Horikawa, H.3    Tanaka, A.4
  • 21
    • 0034617892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanaka, T.; Betsumiya, Y.; Mine, C.; Kouno, I. Theanaphthoquinone, a novel pigment oxidatively derived from theaflavin during tea-fermentation. Chem. Commun. 2000, 1365-1366.
    • Tanaka, T.; Betsumiya, Y.; Mine, C.; Kouno, I. Theanaphthoquinone, a novel pigment oxidatively derived from theaflavin during tea-fermentation. Chem. Commun. 2000, 1365-1366.
  • 22
    • 23744481273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of black tea polyphenol, theaflavin, and identification of theanaphthoquinone as its major radical reaction product
    • Jhoo, J.-W.; Lo, C.-Y.; Li, S.; Sang, S.; Ang, C.Y.W.; Heinze, T.M.; Ho, C.-T. Stability of black tea polyphenol, theaflavin, and identification of theanaphthoquinone as its major radical reaction product. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 6146-6150.
    • (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.53 , pp. 6146-6150
    • Jhoo, J.-W.1    Lo, C.-Y.2    Li, S.3    Sang, S.4    Ang, C.Y.W.5    Heinze, T.M.6    Ho, C.-T.7
  • 23
    • 0037152547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structures of two new oxidation products of green tea polyphenols generated by model tea fermentation
    • Tanaka, T.; Mine, C.; Kouno, I. Structures of two new oxidation products of green tea polyphenols generated by model tea fermentation. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 8851-8856.
    • (2002) Tetrahedron , vol.58 , pp. 8851-8856
    • Tanaka, T.1    Mine, C.2    Kouno, I.3
  • 24
    • 0035543019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two types of oxidative dimerization of the black tea polyphenol theaflavin
    • Tanaka, T.; Inoue, K.; Betsumiya, Y.; Mine, C.; Kouno, I. Two types of oxidative dimerization of the black tea polyphenol theaflavin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 5785-5789.
    • (2001) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.49 , pp. 5785-5789
    • Tanaka, T.1    Inoue, K.2    Betsumiya, Y.3    Mine, C.4    Kouno, I.5
  • 25
    • 2342652382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea extract by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
    • Menet, M.-C.; Sang, S.; Yang, C.S.; Ho, C.-T.; Rosen, R.T. Analysis of theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea extract by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 2455-2461.
    • (2004) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.52 , pp. 2455-2461
    • Menet, M.-C.1    Sang, S.2    Yang, C.S.3    Ho, C.-T.4    Rosen, R.T.5
  • 26
    • 0037201144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sang, S.; Tian, S.; Meng, X.; Stark, R.E.; Rosen, R.T.; Yang, C.S.; Ho, C.-H. Theadibenzotropolone, a new type pigment from enzymatic oxidation of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and characterized from black tea using LC/MS/MS, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7129-7133.
    • Sang, S.; Tian, S.; Meng, X.; Stark, R.E.; Rosen, R.T.; Yang, C.S.; Ho, C.-H. Theadibenzotropolone, a new type pigment from enzymatic oxidation of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and characterized from black tea using LC/MS/MS, Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 7129-7133.
  • 28
    • 0032440104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theaflavate B, isotheaflavin-3'-O-gallate and neotheaflavin-3-O-gallate: Three polyphenolic pigments from black tea
    • Lewis, J.R.; Davis, A.L.; Cai, Y.; Davies, A.P.; Wilkins, J.P.G.; Pennington, M. Theaflavate B, isotheaflavin-3'-O-gallate and neotheaflavin-3-O-gallate: Three polyphenolic pigments from black tea. Phytochemistry 1998, 49, 2511-2519.
    • (1998) Phytochemistry , vol.49 , pp. 2511-2519
    • Lewis, J.R.1    Davis, A.L.2    Cai, Y.3    Davies, A.P.4    Wilkins, J.P.G.5    Pennington, M.6
  • 29
    • 0030756803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new type of tea pigment - From the chemical oxidation of epicatechin gallate and isolated from tea
    • Wan, X.; Nursten, H.E.; Cai, Y.; Davis, A.L.; Wilkins, J.P.G.; Davies, A.P. A new type of tea pigment - From the chemical oxidation of epicatechin gallate and isolated from tea. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1997, 74, 401-408.
    • (1997) J. Sci. Food Agric , vol.74 , pp. 401-408
    • Wan, X.1    Nursten, H.E.2    Cai, Y.3    Davis, A.L.4    Wilkins, J.P.G.5    Davies, A.P.6
  • 30
    • 36849034321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structures of epicatechin gallate trimer and tetramer produced by enzymatic oxidation
    • Kusano, R.; Tanaka, T.; Matsuo, Y.; Kouno, I. Structures of epicatechin gallate trimer and tetramer produced by enzymatic oxidation. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2007, 55, 1768-1772.
    • (2007) Chem. Pharm. Bull , vol.55 , pp. 1768-1772
    • Kusano, R.1    Tanaka, T.2    Matsuo, Y.3    Kouno, I.4
  • 31
    • 0011767184 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation-reduction potentials in tea fermentation
    • Roberts, E.A.H. Oxidation-reduction potentials in tea fermentation. Chem. Ind. 1957, 1354-1355.
    • (1957) Chem. Ind , pp. 1354-1355
    • Roberts, E.A.H.1
  • 32
    • 0011708696 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the oxidation of myricetin glycosides by tea oxidase
    • Imagawa, H.; Takino, Y. Studies on the oxidation of myricetin glycosides by tea oxidase. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1962, 26, 541-542.
    • (1962) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.26 , pp. 541-542
    • Imagawa, H.1    Takino, Y.2
  • 33
    • 0141517585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of theasinensins A and D, epigallocatechin gallate dimers of black tea, by oxidation-reduction dismutation of dehydrotheasinensin A
    • Tanaka, T.; Watarumi, S.; Matsuo, Y.; Kamei, M.; Kouno, I. Production of theasinensins A and D, epigallocatechin gallate dimers of black tea, by oxidation-reduction dismutation of dehydrotheasinensin A. Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 7939-7947.
    • (2003) Tetrahedron , vol.59 , pp. 7939-7947
    • Tanaka, T.1    Watarumi, S.2    Matsuo, Y.3    Kamei, M.4    Kouno, I.5
  • 34
    • 0036855106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of epigallocatechin quinone dimers during tea fermentation and formation of theasinensins
    • Tanaka, T.; Mine, C.; Watarumi, S.; Fujioka, T.; Mihashi, K.; Zhang, Y.-J.; Kouno, I. Accumulation of epigallocatechin quinone dimers during tea fermentation and formation of theasinensins. J. Nat. Prod. 2002, 65, 1582-1587.
    • (2002) J. Nat. Prod , vol.65 , pp. 1582-1587
    • Tanaka, T.1    Mine, C.2    Watarumi, S.3    Fujioka, T.4    Mihashi, K.5    Zhang, Y.-J.6    Kouno, I.7
  • 35
    • 85008581852 scopus 로고
    • Tannins and related compounds. XV. A new class of dimeric flavan-3-ol gallates, theasinensins A and B, and proanthocyanidin gallates from green tea leaf (1)
    • Nonaka, G.; Kawahara, O.; Nishioka, I. Tannins and related compounds. XV. A new class of dimeric flavan-3-ol gallates, theasinensins A and B, and proanthocyanidin gallates from green tea leaf (1). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1983, 31, 3906-3914.
    • (1983) Chem. Pharm. Bull , vol.31 , pp. 3906-3914
    • Nonaka, G.1    Kawahara, O.2    Nishioka, I.3
  • 36
    • 85019494651 scopus 로고
    • Tannins and related compounds. LXIX. Isolation and structure elucidation of B,B'-linked bisflavanoids, theasinensins D-G and oolongtheanin from oolong tea (2)
    • Hashimoto, F.; Nonaka, G.; Nishioka, I. Tannins and related compounds. LXIX. Isolation and structure elucidation of B,B'-linked bisflavanoids, theasinensins D-G and oolongtheanin from oolong tea (2). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1988, 36, 1676-1684.
    • (1988) Chem. Pharm. Bull , vol.36 , pp. 1676-1684
    • Hashimoto, F.1    Nonaka, G.2    Nishioka, I.3
  • 37
    • 33947183721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative coupling of the pyrogallol B-ring with a galloyl group during enzymatic oxidation of epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate
    • Li, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. Oxidative coupling of the pyrogallol B-ring with a galloyl group during enzymatic oxidation of epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate. Phytochemistry 2007, 68, 1081-1088.
    • (2007) Phytochemistry , vol.68 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Li, Y.1    Tanaka, T.2    Kouno, I.3
  • 38
    • 33646018350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new mechanism for oxidation of epigallocatechin and production of benzotropolone pigments
    • Matsuo, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. A new mechanism for oxidation of epigallocatechin and production of benzotropolone pigments. Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 4774-4783.
    • (2006) Tetrahedron , vol.62 , pp. 4774-4783
    • Matsuo, Y.1    Tanaka, T.2    Kouno, I.3
  • 39
    • 0022618686 scopus 로고
    • Tannins and related compounds. XXXVI. Isolation and structures of theaflagallins, new red pigments from black tea
    • Nonaka, G.; Hashimoto, F.; Nishioka, I. Tannins and related compounds. XXXVI. Isolation and structures of theaflagallins, new red pigments from black tea. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1986, 34, 61-65.
    • (1986) Chem. Pharm. Bull , vol.34 , pp. 61-65
    • Nonaka, G.1    Hashimoto, F.2    Nishioka, I.3
  • 40
    • 59049083210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matsuo, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. Production mechanism of proepitheaflagallin, a precursor of benzotropolone-type black tea pigment, derived from epigallocatechin via a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-type intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1348-1351.
    • Matsuo, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. Production mechanism of proepitheaflagallin, a precursor of benzotropolone-type black tea pigment, derived from epigallocatechin via a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-type intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1348-1351.
  • 41
    • 52649171334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic oxidation of gallocatechin and epigallocatechin: Effects of C-ring configuration on the reaction products
    • Matsuo, Y.; Yamada, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. Enzymatic oxidation of gallocatechin and epigallocatechin: Effects of C-ring configuration on the reaction products. Phytochemistry 2008, 69, 3054-3061.
    • (2008) Phytochemistry , vol.69 , pp. 3054-3061
    • Matsuo, Y.1    Yamada, Y.2    Tanaka, T.3    Kouno, I.4
  • 43
    • 75349099320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production mechanism of black tea pigments via bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-type intermediates derived from epigallocatechins
    • Sappro, Japan, September 19-21
    • Matsuo, Y.; Li, Y.; Watarumi, A.; Tanaka, T.; Kouno, I. Production mechanism of black tea pigments via bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-type intermediates derived from epigallocatechins. Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products, Sappro, Japan, September 19-21, 2007; pp. 299-304.
    • (2007) Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products , pp. 299-304
    • Matsuo, Y.1    Li, Y.2    Watarumi, A.3    Tanaka, T.4    Kouno, I.5
  • 44
    • 26244449779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel black tea pigment and two new oxidation products of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
    • Tanaka, T.; Matsuo, Y.; Kouno, I. A novel black tea pigment and two new oxidation products of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 7571-7578.
    • (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.53 , pp. 7571-7578
    • Tanaka, T.1    Matsuo, Y.2    Kouno, I.3
  • 45
    • 17844396651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative properties of black tea
    • Luczaj, W.; Skrzydlewska, E. Antioxidative properties of black tea. Prevent. Med. 2005, 40, 910-918.
    • (2005) Prevent. Med , vol.40 , pp. 910-918
    • Luczaj, W.1    Skrzydlewska, E.2
  • 46
    • 4444368237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black tea polyphenol theaflavins inhibit aromatase activity and attenuate tamoxifen resistance in HER2/-transfected human breast cancer cells through tyrosine kinase suppression
    • Way, T.-Z.; Lee, H.-H.; Kao, M.-C.; Lin, J.-K. Black tea polyphenol theaflavins inhibit aromatase activity and attenuate tamoxifen resistance in HER2/-transfected human breast cancer cells through tyrosine kinase suppression. Eur. J. Cancer. 2004, 40, 2165-2174.
    • (2004) Eur. J. Cancer , vol.40 , pp. 2165-2174
    • Way, T.-Z.1    Lee, H.-H.2    Kao, M.-C.3    Lin, J.-K.4
  • 47
    • 3042522767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect(s) of polymeric black tea polyphenol fractions on the formation of [3H]-B(a)P-derived DNA adducts
    • Krishnan, R.; Maru, GB. Inhibitory effect(s) of polymeric black tea polyphenol fractions on the formation of [3H]-B(a)P-derived DNA adducts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 4261-4269.
    • (2004) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.52 , pp. 4261-4269
    • Krishnan, R.1    Maru, G.B.2
  • 48
    • 0038360968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thearubigin, the major polyphenol of black tea, ameliorates mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis
    • Maity, S.; Ukil, A.; Karmakar, A.; Datta, N.; Chaudhuri, T.; Vedasiromoni, J.R.; Ganguly, D.K.; Das, P.K. Thearubigin, the major polyphenol of black tea, ameliorates mucosal injury in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2003, 470, 103-112.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.470 , pp. 103-112
    • Maity, S.1    Ukil, A.2    Karmakar, A.3    Datta, N.4    Chaudhuri, T.5    Vedasiromoni, J.R.6    Ganguly, D.K.7    Das, P.K.8
  • 49
    • 5644225526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aneja, R.; Odoms, K.; Denenberg, A.G.; Wong, H.R. Theaflavin, a black tea extract, is a novel anti-inflammatory compound. Crit. Care Med. 2004, 32, 2097-2103.
    • Aneja, R.; Odoms, K.; Denenberg, A.G.; Wong, H.R. Theaflavin, a black tea extract, is a novel anti-inflammatory compound. Crit. Care Med. 2004, 32, 2097-2103.
  • 50
    • 0035812471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of theaflavins in biological fluids using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry
    • Mulder, T.P.J.; van Platerink, C.J.; Wijnand Schuyl, P.J.; van Amelsvoort, J.M.M. Analysis of theaflavins in biological fluids using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 2001, 760, 271-279.
    • (2001) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.760 , pp. 271-279
    • Mulder, T.P.J.1    van Platerink, C.J.2    Wijnand Schuyl, P.J.3    van Amelsvoort, J.M.M.4
  • 54
    • 0000925607 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition of α-amylase by tea polyphenols
    • Hara Y., Honda, M. The inhibition of α-amylase by tea polyphenols. Agric. Biol. Chem., 1990, 54, 1939-1945.
    • (1990) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.54 , pp. 1939-1945
    • Hara, Y.1    Honda, M.2
  • 57
    • 0042823578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoughts on thearubigins
    • Haslam, E. Thoughts on thearubigins. Phytochemistry 2003, 64, 61-73.
    • (2003) Phytochemistry , vol.64 , pp. 61-73
    • Haslam, E.1
  • 58
    • 41549119335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer-like polyphenols of black tea and their lipase and amylase inhibitory activities
    • Kusano, R.; Andou, H.; Fujieda, M.; Tanaka, T.; Matsuo, Y.; Kouno, I. Polymer-like polyphenols of black tea and their lipase and amylase inhibitory activities. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2008, 56, 266-272.
    • (2008) Chem. Pharm. Bull , vol.56 , pp. 266-272
    • Kusano, R.1    Andou, H.2    Fujieda, M.3    Tanaka, T.4    Matsuo, Y.5    Kouno, I.6
  • 59
    • 0001874832 scopus 로고
    • Economic importance of flavonoid substances: Tea fermentation
    • Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK
    • Roberts, E.A.H. Economic importance of flavonoid substances: Tea fermentation. In The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1962; pp. 468-512.
    • (1962) The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds , pp. 468-512
    • Roberts, E.A.H.1
  • 60
    • 23044463286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and analyses of polymeric polyphenol fractions from black tea
    • Krishnan, R.; Maru, G.B. Isolation and analyses of polymeric polyphenol fractions from black tea. Food Chem. 2006, 94, 331-340.
    • (2006) Food Chem , vol.94 , pp. 331-340
    • Krishnan, R.1    Maru, G.B.2
  • 62
    • 0034709554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artifacts in cell culture: Rapid generation of hydrogen peroxide on addition of (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, and quercetin to commonly used cell culture media
    • Long, L. H.; Clement, M. V.; Halliwell, B. Artifacts in cell culture: Rapid generation of hydrogen peroxide on addition of (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, and quercetin to commonly used cell culture media. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 273, 50-53.
    • (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.273 , pp. 50-53
    • Long, L.H.1    Clement, M.V.2    Halliwell, B.3
  • 63
    • 4544295749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of hydrogen peroxide by polyphenols and polyphenol-rich beverages under quasi-physiological conditions
    • Akagawa, M.; Shigemitsu, T.; Suyama, K. Production of hydrogen peroxide by polyphenols and polyphenol-rich beverages under quasi-physiological conditions. Biosci. Biotec. Biochem. 2003, 67, 2632-2640.
    • (2003) Biosci. Biotec. Biochem , vol.67 , pp. 2632-2640
    • Akagawa, M.1    Shigemitsu, T.2    Suyama, K.3
  • 64
    • 0033080050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic studies of catechins as antioxidants against radical oxidation
    • Kondo, K.; Kurihara, M.; Miyata, N.; Suzuki, T.; Toyoda, M. Mechanistic studies of catechins as antioxidants against radical oxidation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1999, 362, 79-86.
    • (1999) Arch. Biochem. Biophys , vol.362 , pp. 79-86
    • Kondo, K.1    Kurihara, M.2    Miyata, N.3    Suzuki, T.4    Toyoda, M.5
  • 65
    • 0032877148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scavenging mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin gallate on peroxyl radicals and formation of superoxide during the inhibitory action
    • Kondo, K.; Kurihara, M.; Miyata, N.; Suzuki, T.; Toyoda, M. Scavenging mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin gallate on peroxyl radicals and formation of superoxide during the inhibitory action. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1999, 27, 855-863.
    • (1999) Free Radical Biol. Med , vol.27 , pp. 855-863
    • Kondo, K.1    Kurihara, M.2    Miyata, N.3    Suzuki, T.4    Toyoda, M.5
  • 66
    • 0032869460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in the generation of black tea theaflavins
    • Subramanian, N.; Venkatesh, P.; Ganguli, S.; Sinkar, V.P. Role of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in the generation of black tea theaflavins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 2571-2578.
    • (1999) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.47 , pp. 2571-2578
    • Subramanian, N.1    Venkatesh, P.2    Ganguli, S.3    Sinkar, V.P.4
  • 67
    • 0042813868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and structural specificity of hydrogen peroxide formation during oxidation of catechins
    • Nakayama, T.; Ichiba, M.; Kuwabara, M.; Kajiya, K.; Kumazawa, S. Mechanisms and structural specificity of hydrogen peroxide formation during oxidation of catechins. Food Sci. Technol. Res. 2002, 8, 261-267.
    • (2002) Food Sci. Technol. Res , vol.8 , pp. 261-267
    • Nakayama, T.1    Ichiba, M.2    Kuwabara, M.3    Kajiya, K.4    Kumazawa, S.5
  • 69
    • 0034824520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of ellagitannins in Spanish, French, and American oak woods during natural seasoning and toasting
    • Cadahia, E.; Varea, S.; Munoz, L.; Fernandez de Simon, B.; Garcia-Vallejo, M.C. Evolution of ellagitannins in Spanish, French, and American oak woods during natural seasoning and toasting. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 3677-3684.
    • (2001) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.49 , pp. 3677-3684
    • Cadahia, E.1    Varea, S.2    Munoz, L.3    Fernandez de Simon, B.4    Garcia-Vallejo, M.C.5
  • 70
    • 51649102368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and structure of whiskey polyphenols produced by oxidation of oak wood ellagitannins
    • Fujieda, M.; Tanaka, T.; Suwa, Y.; Koshimizu, S.; Kouno, I. Isolation and structure of whiskey polyphenols produced by oxidation of oak wood ellagitannins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 7305-7310.
    • (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.56 , pp. 7305-7310
    • Fujieda, M.1    Tanaka, T.2    Suwa, Y.3    Koshimizu, S.4    Kouno, I.5
  • 71
    • 33749668013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction, detection, and quantification of flavano-ellagitannins and ethylvescalagin in a bordeaux red wine aged in oak barrels
    • Saucier, C.; Jourdes, M.; Glories, Y.; Quideau, S. Extraction, detection, and quantification of flavano-ellagitannins and ethylvescalagin in a bordeaux red wine aged in oak barrels. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 7349-7354.
    • (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.54 , pp. 7349-7354
    • Saucier, C.1    Jourdes, M.2    Glories, Y.3    Quideau, S.4
  • 72
    • 34249893691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and sensory evaluation of dehydro- and deoxyellagitannins formed upon toasting of oak wood (Quercus alba L.)
    • Glabasnia, A.; Hofmann, T. Identification and sensory evaluation of dehydro- and deoxyellagitannins formed upon toasting of oak wood (Quercus alba L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 4109-4118.
    • (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.55 , pp. 4109-4118
    • Glabasnia, A.1    Hofmann, T.2
  • 73
    • 0024917740 scopus 로고
    • Tannins and related compounds. XC. 8-C-ascorbyl (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate and novel dimeric flavan-3-ols, oolonghomobisflavans A and B, from oolong tea. (3)
    • Hashimoto, F.; Nonaka, G.; Nishioka, I. Tannins and related compounds. XC. 8-C-ascorbyl (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate and novel dimeric flavan-3-ols, oolonghomobisflavans A and B, from oolong tea. (3). Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1989, 37, 3255-3263.
    • (1989) Chem. Pharm. Bull , vol.37 , pp. 3255-3263
    • Hashimoto, F.1    Nonaka, G.2    Nishioka, I.3
  • 74
    • 37049074232 scopus 로고
    • Chemical evidence for the de-astringency (insolubilization of tannins) of persimmon fruit
    • Tanaka, T.; Takahashi, R.; Kouno, I.; Nonaka, G. Chemical evidence for the de-astringency (insolubilization of tannins) of persimmon fruit. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1994, 3013-3022.
    • (1994) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans , pp. 3013-3022
    • Tanaka, T.1    Takahashi, R.2    Kouno, I.3    Nonaka, G.4
  • 75
    • 0001571622 scopus 로고
    • A model experiment for de-astringency of persimmon fruit with high carbon dioxide treatment: In vitro gelation of kaki-tannin by reacting with acetaldehyde
    • Matsuo, T.; Itoo, S. A model experiment for de-astringency of persimmon fruit with high carbon dioxide treatment: In vitro gelation of kaki-tannin by reacting with acetaldehyde. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1982, 46, 683-689.
    • (1982) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.46 , pp. 683-689
    • Matsuo, T.1    Itoo, S.2
  • 76
    • 84986468943 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of tea fermentation: Conversion of amino acids to black tea aroma constituents
    • Co, H.; Sanderson, G.W. Biochemistry of tea fermentation: Conversion of amino acids to black tea aroma constituents. J. Food Sci. 1970, 35, 160-164.
    • (1970) J. Food Sci , vol.35 , pp. 160-164
    • Co, H.1    Sanderson, G.W.2
  • 77
    • 0013900164 scopus 로고
    • Changes undergone by free amino acids during the manufacture of black tea
    • Roberts, G.R.; Sanderson, G.W. Changes undergone by free amino acids during the manufacture of black tea. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1966, 17, 182-188.
    • (1966) J. Sci. Food Agric , vol.17 , pp. 182-188
    • Roberts, G.R.1    Sanderson, G.W.2
  • 78
    • 0007779033 scopus 로고
    • Formation of aldehydes from amino acids by tea leaves extracts
    • Saijo, R.; Takeo, T. Formation of aldehydes from amino acids by tea leaves extracts. Agric. Biol. Chem., 1970, 34, 227-233.
    • (1970) Agric. Biol. Chem , vol.34 , pp. 227-233
    • Saijo, R.1    Takeo, T.2
  • 79
    • 33645452394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rizzi, G,P. Formation of strecker aldehydes from polyphenol-derived quinones and α-amino acids in a nonenzymic model system. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 1893-1897.
    • Rizzi, G,P. Formation of strecker aldehydes from polyphenol-derived quinones and α-amino acids in a nonenzymic model system. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 1893-1897.
  • 80
    • 18044372995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New black tea polyphenol having N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone moiety derived from tea amino acid theanine: Isolation, characterization and partial synthesis
    • Tanaka, T.; Watarumi, S.; Fujieda, M.; Kouno, I. New black tea polyphenol having N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone moiety derived from tea amino acid theanine: Isolation, characterization and partial synthesis. Food Chem. 2005, 93, 81-87.
    • (2005) Food Chem , vol.93 , pp. 81-87
    • Tanaka, T.1    Watarumi, S.2    Fujieda, M.3    Kouno, I.4
  • 81
    • 0000469087 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of ethanol production by seeds of different types of Japanese persimmons and their tannin content
    • Sugiura, A.; Tomana, T. Relationship of ethanol production by seeds of different types of Japanese persimmons and their tannin content. Hortscience 1983, 18, 319-321.
    • (1983) Hortscience , vol.18 , pp. 319-321
    • Sugiura, A.1    Tomana, T.2
  • 82
    • 84982306804 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of acetaldehyde and ethanol accumulation during induced deastringency of persimmon fruits
    • Pesis, E.; Ben-Arie, R. Involvement of acetaldehyde and ethanol accumulation during induced deastringency of persimmon fruits. J. Food Sci. 1984, 49, 896-899
    • (1984) J. Food Sci , vol.49 , pp. 896-899
    • Pesis, E.1    Ben-Arie, R.2
  • 83
    • 49049089138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of polymeric polyphenols of cinnamon bark deduced from condensation products of cinnamaldehyde with catechin and procyanidin
    • Tanaka, T.; Matsuo, Y.; Yamada, Y.; Kouno, I. Structure of polymeric polyphenols of cinnamon bark deduced from condensation products of cinnamaldehyde with catechin and procyanidin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 5864-5870.
    • (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.56 , pp. 5864-5870
    • Tanaka, T.1    Matsuo, Y.2    Yamada, Y.3    Kouno, I.4
  • 84
    • 0038094483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of proanthocyanidins by degree of polymerization by means of size-exclusion chromatography and related techniques
    • Yanagida, A.; Shoji, T.; Shibusawa, Y. Separation of proanthocyanidins by degree of polymerization by means of size-exclusion chromatography and related techniques. J. Biochei. Biophys. Meth. 2003, 56, 311-322.
    • (2003) J. Biochei. Biophys. Meth , vol.56 , pp. 311-322
    • Yanagida, A.1    Shoji, T.2    Shibusawa, Y.3
  • 86
    • 0033195301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radical scavenging activity of tea catechins and their related compounds
    • Nanjo, F.; Mori, M.; Goto, K.; Hara, Y. Radical scavenging activity of tea catechins and their related compounds. Biosci., Biotech. Biochem. 1999, 63, 1621-1623.
    • (1999) Biosci., Biotech. Biochem , vol.63 , pp. 1621-1623
    • Nanjo, F.1    Mori, M.2    Goto, K.3    Hara, Y.4
  • 87
    • 1842535032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate against oxidative stress in rats with adenine-induced renal failure
    • Nakagawa, T.; Yokozawa, T.; Sano, M.; Takeuchi, S.; Kim, M.; Minamoto, S. Activity of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate against oxidative stress in rats with adenine-induced renal failure. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 2103-2107.
    • (2004) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.52 , pp. 2103-2107
    • Nakagawa, T.1    Yokozawa, T.2    Sano, M.3    Takeuchi, S.4    Kim, M.5    Minamoto, S.6
  • 88
    • 0033785598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative activity of green tea treated with radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride
    • Yokozawa, T.; Cho, E.J.; Hara, Y.; Kitani, K. Antioxidative activity of green tea treated with radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 5068-5073.
    • (2000) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.48 , pp. 5068-5073
    • Yokozawa, T.1    Cho, E.J.2    Hara, Y.3    Kitani, K.4
  • 89
    • 0032555177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and antioxidant activity of novel amphipathic derivatives of tea polyphenol
    • Tanaka, T.; Kusano, R.; Kouno, I. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of novel amphipathic derivatives of tea polyphenol. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1998, 8, 1801-1806.
    • (1998) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett , vol.8 , pp. 1801-1806
    • Tanaka, T.1    Kusano, R.2    Kouno, I.3
  • 90
    • 1642290918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between antibacterial activity of (+)-catechin derivatives and their interaction with a model membrane
    • Kajiya, K.; Hojo, H.I; Suzuki, M.; Nanjo, F.; Kumazawa, S.; Nakayama, T. Relationship between antibacterial activity of (+)-catechin derivatives and their interaction with a model membrane. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, 1514-1519.
    • (2004) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.52 , pp. 1514-1519
    • Kajiya, K.1    Hojo, H.I.2    Suzuki, M.3    Nanjo, F.4    Kumazawa, S.5    Nakayama, T.6
  • 91
    • 67650912342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling reactions of catechins with natural aldehydes and allyl alcohols and radical scavenging activities of the triglyceride-soluble products
    • Fudouji, R.; Tanaka, T.; Taguri, T.; Matsuo, Y.; Kouno, I. Coupling reactions of catechins with natural aldehydes and allyl alcohols and radical scavenging activities of the triglyceride-soluble products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 6417-6424.
    • (2009) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.57 , pp. 6417-6424
    • Fudouji, R.1    Tanaka, T.2    Taguri, T.3    Matsuo, Y.4    Kouno, I.5
  • 92
    • 0032843785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the acetaldehyde-induced condensation of (-)-epicatechin and malvidin 3-O-glucoside in a model solution system
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.; Fulcrand, H.; Cheynier, V.; Moutounet, M. Studies on the acetaldehyde-induced condensation of (-)-epicatechin and malvidin 3-O-glucoside in a model solution system. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 2096-2102.
    • (1999) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.47 , pp. 2096-2102
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.1    Fulcrand, H.2    Cheynier, V.3    Moutounet, M.4
  • 93
    • 0037179187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of a new dimeric acetaldehyde malvidin 3-glucoside condensation product
    • Atanasova, V.; Fulcrand, H.; Gueraevé, C.L.; Cheynier, V.; Moutounet, M. Structure of a new dimeric acetaldehyde malvidin 3-glucoside condensation product. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 6151-6153.
    • (2002) Tetrahedron Lett , vol.43 , pp. 6151-6153
    • Atanasova, V.1    Fulcrand, H.2    Gueraevé, C.L.3    Cheynier, V.4    Moutounet, M.5
  • 95
    • 0343184000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New phenolic compounds obtained by evolution of (+)-catechin and glyoxylic acid in hydroalcoholic medium
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.; Gueraevé, C.L.; Cheynier, V.; Moutounet, M. New phenolic compounds obtained by evolution of (+)-catechin and glyoxylic acid in hydroalcoholic medium. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 1917-1921.
    • (2000) Tetrahedron Lett , vol.41 , pp. 1917-1921
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.1    Gueraevé, C.L.2    Cheynier, V.3    Moutounet, M.4
  • 96
    • 28444435581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study of oaklins, a new class of brick-red catechinpyrylium pigments resulting from the reaction between catechin and wood aldehydes
    • Sousa, C.; Mateus, N.; Perez-Alonso, J.; Cantos-Buelga, C.; de Freitas, V. Preliminary study of oaklins, a new class of brick-red catechinpyrylium pigments resulting from the reaction between catechin and wood aldehydes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 9249-9256.
    • (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.53 , pp. 9249-9256
    • Sousa, C.1    Mateus, N.2    Perez-Alonso, J.3    Cantos-Buelga, C.4    de Freitas, V.5
  • 97
    • 33645226935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Condensation products derived from flavan-3-ol oak wood aldehydes reaction 1. Structural investigation
    • Nonier, M.-F.; Pianet, I.; Laguerre, M.; Vivas, N.; de Gaulejac, N.V. Condensation products derived from flavan-3-ol oak wood aldehydes reaction 1. Structural investigation. Anal. Chim. Acta 2006, 563, 76-83.
    • (2006) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.563 , pp. 76-83
    • Nonier, M.-F.1    Pianet, I.2    Laguerre, M.3    Vivas, N.4    de Gaulejac, N.V.5
  • 98
    • 0037174395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and furfural derivatives and their impact on food color changes
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.; Cheynier, V.; Moutounet, M. Interactions between cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and furfural derivatives and their impact on food color changes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 5586-5595.
    • (2002) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.50 , pp. 5586-5595
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.1    Cheynier, V.2    Moutounet, M.3
  • 99
    • 0034522110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the reactions between (+)-catechin and furfural derivatives in the presence or absence of anthocyanins and their implication in food color change
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.; Cheynier, V.; Moutounet, M. Study of the reactions between (+)-catechin and furfural derivatives in the presence or absence of anthocyanins and their implication in food color change. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 5946-5954.
    • (2000) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.48 , pp. 5946-5954
    • Es-Safi, N.-E.1    Cheynier, V.2    Moutounet, M.3
  • 100
    • 0033946356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review on polyphenols in Theobroma cacao: Changes in composition during the manufacture of chocolate and methodology for identification and quantification
    • Wollgast, J.; Anklam, E. Review on polyphenols in Theobroma cacao: Changes in composition during the manufacture of chocolate and methodology for identification and quantification. Food Res. Int. 2000, 33, 423-447.
    • (2000) Food Res. Int , vol.33 , pp. 423-447
    • Wollgast, J.1    Anklam, E.2
  • 101
    • 44949281298 scopus 로고
    • Major flavanoids and identification of some minor metabolites
    • Porter, L.J.; Ma, Z.; Chan, B.G. Cacao procyanidins: Major flavanoids and identification of some minor metabolites. Phytochemistry 1991, 30, 1657-1663.
    • (1991) Phytochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 1657-1663
    • Porter, L.J.1    Ma, Z.2    Chan3    Cacao procyanidins, B.G.4
  • 102
    • 0037041060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proanthocyanidin glycosides and related polyphenols from cacao liquor and their antioxidant effects
    • Hatano, T.; Miyatake, H.; Natsume, M.; Osakabe, N.; Takizawa, T.; Ito, H.; Yoshida T. Proanthocyanidin glycosides and related polyphenols from cacao liquor and their antioxidant effects. Phytochemistry 2002, 59, 749-758.
    • (2002) Phytochemistry , vol.59 , pp. 749-758
    • Hatano, T.1    Miyatake, H.2    Natsume, M.3    Osakabe, N.4    Takizawa, T.5    Ito, H.6    Yoshida, T.7
  • 103
    • 33947601646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure determination and sensory analysis of bitter-tasting 4-vinylcatechol oligomers and their identification in roasted coffee by means of LC-MS/MS
    • Frank, O.; Blumberg, S.; Kunert, C.; Zehentbauer, G.; Hofmann, T. Structure determination and sensory analysis of bitter-tasting 4-vinylcatechol oligomers and their identification in roasted coffee by means of LC-MS/MS. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 1945-1954.
    • (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.55 , pp. 1945-1954
    • Frank, O.1    Blumberg, S.2    Kunert, C.3    Zehentbauer, G.4    Hofmann, T.5
  • 104
    • 0021028075 scopus 로고
    • Tannins: Does structure determine function? An ecological perspective
    • Zucker, W.V. Tannins: Does structure determine function? An ecological perspective. Am. Nat. 1983, 121, 335-365.
    • (1983) Am. Nat , vol.121 , pp. 335-365
    • Zucker, W.V.1
  • 106
    • 34047109610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ellagitannins have greater oxidative activities than condensed tannins and galloyl glucoses at high pH: Potential impact on caterpillars
    • Barbehenn, R.V.; Jones, C.P.; Hagerman, A.E.; Karonen, M.; Salminen, J.-P. Ellagitannins have greater oxidative activities than condensed tannins and galloyl glucoses at high pH: Potential impact on caterpillars. J. Chem. Ecol. 2006, 32, 2253-2267.
    • (2006) J. Chem. Ecol , vol.32 , pp. 2253-2267
    • Barbehenn, R.V.1    Jones, C.P.2    Hagerman, A.E.3    Karonen, M.4    Salminen, J.-P.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.