Diacylglycerol kinases in the regulation of dendritic spines

Journal of Neurochemistry

Volumn 112, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 577-587

  Kim, Karam ^a   Yang, Jinhee ^a   Kim, Eunjoon ^a  

^a Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Dendritic spine; Diacylglycerol; Diacylglycerol kinase; Glutamate receptors; Phosphatidic acid; Postsynaptic density 95

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; DIACYLGLYCEROL; DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; MARCKS PROTEIN; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; PHOSPHATIDIC ACID; POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITY PROTEIN 95;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; COMPLEX FORMATION; CYTOTOXICITY; DENDRITIC SPINE; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME PHOSPHORYLATION; HUMAN; NERVE CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYNAPSE;

ANIMALS; DENDRITIC SPINES; DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE; DIGLYCERIDES; ENZYME INHIBITORS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 73949109165     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: 14714159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06499.x     Document Type: Review

References (138)

1. Abramovici H., Hogan A. B., Obagi C., Topham M. K. Gee S. H. (2003) Diacylglycerol kinase-zeta localization in skeletal muscle is regulated by phosphorylation and interaction with syntrophins. Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 4499 4511.
2. Abramovici H., Mojtabaie P., Parks R. J., Zhong X. P., Koretzky G. A., Topham M. K. Gee S. H. (2009) Diacylglycerol kinase zeta regulates actin cytoskeleton reorganization through dissociation of Rac1 from RhoGDI. Mol. Biol. Cell 20, 2049 2059.
3. Ackermann M. Matus A. (2003) Activity-induced targeting of profilin and stabilization of dendritic spine morphology. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 1194 1200.
4. Ahmed S., Lee J., Kozma R., Best A., Monfries C. Lim L. (1993) A novel functional target for tumor-promoting phorbol esters and lysophosphatidic acid. The p21rac-GTPase activating protein n-chimaerin. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 10709 10712.
5. Alvarez V. A. Sabatini B. L. (2007) Anatomical and physiological plasticity of dendritic spines. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 30, 79 97.
6. Augustin I., Rosenmund C., Sudhof T. C. Brose N. (1999) Munc13-1 is essential for fusion competence of glutamatergic synaptic vesicles. Nature 400, 457 461.
7. Avila-Flores A., Santos T., Rincon E. Merida I. (2005) Modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway by diacylglycerol kinase-produced phosphatidic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 10091 10099.
8. Bellone C., Luscher C. Mameli M. (2008) Mechanisms of synaptic depression triggered by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65, 2913 2923.
9. Berman D. E., Dall'Armi C., Voronov S. V., McIntire L. B., Zhang H., Moore A. Z., Staniszewski A., Arancio O., Kim T. W. Di Paolo. G. (2008) Oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide disrupts phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate metabolism. Nat. Neurosci. 11, 547 554.
10. Biron D., Shibuya M., Gabel C., Wasserman S. M., Clark D. A., Brown A., Sengupta P. Samuel A. D. (2006) A diacylglycerol kinase modulates long-term thermotactic behavioral plasticity in C. elegans. Nat. Neurosci. 9, 1499 1505.
11. Boda B., Nikonenko I., Alberi S. Muller D. (2006) Central nervous system functions of PAK protein family: from spine morphogenesis to mental retardation. Mol. Neurobiol. 34, 67 80.
12. Bokoch G. M. (2003) Biology of the p21-activated kinases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72, 743 781.
13. Bokoch G. M., Reilly A. M., Daniels R. H., King C. C., Olivera A., Spiegel S. Knaus U. G. (1998) A GTPase-independent mechanism of p21-activated kinase activation. Regulation by sphingosine and other biologically active lipids. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8137 8144.
14. Bourne J. N. Harris K. M. (2008) Balancing Structure and Function at Hippocampal Dendritic Spines. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 31, 47 67.
15. Brandt N., Franke K., Rasin M. R. et al. (2007) The neural EGF family member CALEB/NGC mediates dendritic tree and spine complexity. EMBO J. 26, 2371 2386.
16. Bredt D. S. (2005) Membrane-associated guanylate kinases regulate adhesion and plasticity at cell junctions. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74, 219 245.
17. Brose N., Betz A. Wegmeyer H. (2004) Divergent and convergent signaling by the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway in mammals. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 14, 328 340.
18. Bunting M., Tang W., Zimmerman G. A., McIntyre T. M. Prescott S. M. (1996) Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human diacylglycerol kinase zeta. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10230 10236.
19. Buttery P., Beg A. A., Chih B., Broder A., Mason C. A. Scheiffele P. (2006) The diacylglycerol-binding protein alpha1-chimaerin regulates dendritic morphology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 1924 1929.
20. Cai J., Abramovici H., Gee S. H. Topham M. K. (2009) Diacylglycerol kinases as sources of phosphatidic acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1791, 942 948.
21. Calabrese B. Halpain S. (2005) Essential role for the PKC target MARCKS in maintaining dendritic spine morphology. Neuron 48, 77 90.
22. Caloca M. J., Wang H. Kazanietz M. G. (2003) Characterization of the Rac-GAP (Rac-GTPase-activating protein) activity of beta2-chimaerin, a 'non-protein kinase C' phorbol ester receptor. Biochem. J. 375, 313 321.
23. Caricasole A., Bettini E., Sala C., Roncarati R., Kobayashi N., Caldara F., Goto K. Terstappen G. C. (2002) Molecular cloning and characterization of the human diacylglycerol kinase beta (DGKbeta) gene: alternative splicing generates DGKbeta isotypes with different properties. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 4790 4796.
24. Choi J., Ko J., Racz B. et al. (2005) Regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis by insulin receptor substrate 53, a downstream effector of Rac1 and Cdc42 small GTPases. J. Neurosci. 25, 869 879.
25. Chuang T. H., Bohl B. P. Bokoch G. M. (1993) Biologically active lipids are regulators of Rac.GDI complexation. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 26206 26211.
26. Cockcroft S. (2006) The latest phospholipase C, PLCeta, is implicated in neuronal function. Trends Biochem. Sci. 31, 4 7.
27. Codazzi F., Di Cesare. A., Chiulli N., Albanese A., Meyer T., Zacchetti D. Grohovaz F. (2006) Synergistic control of protein kinase Cgamma activity by ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor inputs in hippocampal neurons. J. Neurosci. 26, 3404 3411.
28. Cole-Edwards K. K. Bazan N. G. (2005) Lipid signaling in experimental epilepsy. Neurochem. Res. 30, 847 853.
29. Colledge M., Dean R. A., Scott G. K., Langeberg L. K., Huganir R. L. Scott J. D. (2000) Targeting of PKA to Glutamate Receptors through a MAGUK-AKAP Complex. Neuron 27, 107.
30. Colon-Gonzalez F. Kazanietz M. G. (2006) C1 domains exposed: from diacylglycerol binding to protein-protein interactions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1761, 827 837.
31. Conn P. J. Pin J. P. (1997) Pharmacology and functions of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 37, 205 237.
32. Davidson L., Pawson A. J., Lopez de. Maturana. R., Freestone S. H., Barran P., Millar R. P. Maudsley S. (2004) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced activation of diacylglycerol kinase-zeta and its association with active c-src. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 11906 11916.
33. Delmas P., Crest M. Brown D. A. (2004) Functional organization of PLC signaling microdomains in neurons. Trends Neurosci. 27, 41 47.
34. Delon C., Manifava M., Wood E., Thompson D., Krugmann S., Pyne S. Ktistakis N. T. (2004) Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 44763 44774.
35. DerMardirossian C., Schnelzer A. Bokoch G. M. (2004) Phosphorylation of RhoGDI by Pak1 mediates dissociation of Rac GTPase. Mol. Cell 15, 117 127.
36. Di Paolo G. De Camilli P. (2006) Phosphoinositides in cell regulation and membrane dynamics. Nature 443, 651 657.
37. Ding L., McIntyre T. M., Zimmerman G. A. Prescott S. M. (1998) The cloning and developmental regulation of murine diacylglycerol kinase zeta. FEBS Lett. 429, 109 114.
38. Elias G. M. Nicoll R. A. (2007) Synaptic trafficking of glutamate receptors by MAGUK scaffolding proteins. Trends Cell Biol. 17, 343 352.
39. Fang Y., Vilella-Bach M., Bachmann R., Flanigan A. Chen J. (2001) Phosphatidic acid-mediated mitogenic activation of mTOR signaling. Science 294, 1942 1945.
40. Frere S. G. Di Paolo G. (2009) A lipid kinase controls the maintenance of dendritic spines. EMBO J. 28, 999 1000.
41. Ghosh S., Strum J. C., Sciorra V. A., Daniel L. Bell R. M. (1996) Raf-1 kinase possesses distinct binding domains for phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid regulates the translocation of Raf-1 in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 8472 8480.
42. Goto K. Kondo H. (1996) A 104-kDa diacylglycerol kinase containing ankyrin-like repeats localizes in the cell nucleus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 11196 11201.
43. Goto K. Kondo H. (1999) Diacylglycerol kinase in the central nervous system - molecular heterogeneity and gene expression. Chem. Phys. Lipids 98, 109 117.
44. Goto K., Hozumi Y., Nakano T., Saino S. S. Kondo H. (2007) Cell biology and pathophysiology of the diacylglycerol kinase family: morphological aspects in tissues and organs. Int. Rev. Cytol. 264, 25 63.
45. Govek E. E., Newey S. E. Van Aelst. L. (2005) The role of the Rho GTPases in neuronal development. Genes Dev. 19, 1 49.
46. Haass C. Selkoe D. J. (2007) Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8, 101 112.
47. Hardie R. C. Raghu P. (2001) Visual transduction in Drosophila. Nature 413, 186 193.
48. Hodgkin M. N., Pettitt T. R., Martin A., Michell R. H., Pemberton A. J. Wakelam M. J. (1998) Diacylglycerols and phosphatidates: which molecular species are intracellular messengers? Trends Biochem. Sci. 23, 200 204.
49. Hogan A., Shepherd L., Chabot J., Quenneville S., Prescott S. M., Topham M. K. Gee S. H. (2001) Interaction of gamma 1-syntrophin with diacylglycerol kinase-zeta. Regulation of nuclear localization by PDZ interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 26526 26533.
50. Horne E. A. Dell'Acqua M. L. (2007) Phospholipase C is required for changes in postsynaptic structure and function associated with NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression. J. Neurosci. 27, 3523 3534.
51. Hozumi Y., Ito T., Nakano T., Nakagawa T., Aoyagi M., Kondo H. Goto K. (2003) Nuclear localization of diacylglycerol kinase zeta in neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18, 1448 1457.
52. Hurley J. H. (2006) Membrane binding domains. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1761, 805 811.
53. Hurley J. H., Newton A. C., Parker P. J., Blumberg P. M. Nishizuka Y. (1997) Taxonomy and function of C1 protein kinase C homology domains. Protein Sci. 6, 477 480.
54. Hwang J. I., Kim H. S., Lee J. R., Kim E., Ryu S. H. Suh P. G. (2005) The interaction of phospholipase C-beta3 with Shank2 regulates mGluR-mediated calcium signal. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 12467 12473.
55. Irie F. Yamaguchi Y. (2002) EphB receptors regulate dendritic spine development via intersectin, Cdc42 and N-WASP. Nat. Neurosci. 5, 1117 1118.
56. Jaworski J., Spangler S., Seeburg D. P., Hoogenraad C. C. Sheng M. (2005) Control of dendritic arborization by the phosphoinositide-3′-kinase-Akt- mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. J. Neurosci. 25, 11300 11312.
57. Jenkins G. H., Fisette P. L. Anderson R. A. (1994) Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase isoforms are specifically stimulated by phosphatidic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 11547 11554.
58. Jones J. A. Hannun Y. A. (2002) Tight binding inhibition of protein phosphatase-1 by phosphatidic acid. Specificity of inhibition by the phospholipid. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 15530 15538.
59. Jones J. A., Rawles R. Hannun Y. A. (2005) Identification of a novel phosphatidic acid binding domain in protein phosphatase-1. Biochemistry 44, 13235 13245.
60. Jose Lopez-Andreo M., Gomez-Fernandez J. C. Corbalan-Garcia S. (2003) The simultaneous production of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol is essential for the translocation of protein kinase Cepsilon to the plasma membrane in RBL-2H3 cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 14, 4885 4895.
61. Karathanassis D., Stahelin R. V., Bravo J., Perisic O., Pacold C. M., Cho W. Williams R. L. (2002) Binding of the PX domain of p47(phox) to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid is masked by an intramolecular interaction. EMBO J. 21, 5057 5068.
62. Kawasaki H., Springett G. M., Toki S. et al. (1998) A Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor enriched highly in the basal ganglia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 13278 13283.
63. Kedra D., Seroussi E., Fransson I., Trifunovic J., Clark M., Lagercrantz J., Blennow E., Mehlin H. Dumanski J. (1997) The germinal center kinase gene and a novel CDC25-like gene are located in the vicinity of the PYGM gene on 11q13. Hum. Genet. 100, 611 619.
64. Kim E. Sheng M. (2004) PDZ domain proteins of synapses. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 771 781.
65. Kim E. Sheng M. (2009) The postsynaptic density. Curr. Biol. 19, R723 724.
66. Kim Y., Sung J. Y., Ceglia I. et al. (2006) Phosphorylation of WAVE1 regulates actin polymerization and dendritic spine morphology. Nature 442, 814 817.
67. Kim K., Yang J., Zhong X. P. et al. (2009) Synaptic removal of diacylglycerol by DGKζ and PSD-95 regulates dendritic spine maintenance. EMBO J. 28, 1170 1179.
68. Knapp L. T. Klann E. (2002) Role of reactive oxygen species in hippocampal long-term potentiation: contributory or inhibitory? J. Neurosci. Res. 70, 1 7.
69. Kumar V., Zhang M. X., Swank M. W., Kunz J. Wu G. Y. (2005) Regulation of dendritic morphogenesis by Ras-PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Ras-MAPK signaling pathways. J. Neurosci. 25, 11288 11299.
70. Lee H. K., Min S. S., Gallagher M. Kirkwood A. (2005) NMDA receptor-independent long-term depression correlates with successful aging in rats. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1657 1659.
71. Limatola C., Schaap D., Moolenaar W. H. van Blitterswijk W. J. (1994) Phosphatidic acid activation of protein kinase C-zeta overexpressed in COS cells: comparison with other protein kinase C isotypes and other acidic lipids. Biochem. J. 304 (Pt 3 1001 1008.
72. Liu Z., Chang G. Q. Leibowitz S. F. (2001) Diacylglycerol kinase zeta in hypothalamus interacts with long form leptin receptor. Relation to dietary fat and body weight regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 5900 5907.
73. Loewen C. J., Gaspar M. L., Jesch S. A., Delon C., Ktistakis N. T., Henry S. A. Levine T. P. (2004) Phospholipid metabolism regulated by a transcription factor sensing phosphatidic acid. Science 304, 1644 1647.
74. Los A. P., Vinke F. P., de Widt. J., Topham M. K., van Blitterswijk W. J. Divecha N. (2006) The retinoblastoma family proteins bind to and activate diacylglycerol kinase zeta. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 858 866.
75. Luo L. (2000) Rho GTPases in neuronal morphogenesis. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 1, 173 180.
76. Luo B., Prescott S. M. Topham M. K. (2003a) Protein kinase C alpha phosphorylates and negatively regulates diacylglycerol kinase zeta. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 39542 39547.
77. Luo B., Prescott S. M. Topham M. K. (2003b) Association of diacylglycerol kinase zeta with protein kinase C alpha: spatial regulation of diacylglycerol signaling. J. Cell Biol. 160, 929 937.
78. Luo B., Prescott S. M. Topham M. K. (2004) Diacylglycerol kinase zeta regulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase Ialpha by a novel mechanism. Cell. Signal. 16, 891 897.
79. Merida I., Avila-Flores A. Merino E. (2008) Diacylglycerol kinases: at the hub of cell signalling. Biochem. J. 409, 1 18.
80. Montell C. (1999) Visual transduction in Drosophila. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 15, 231 268.
81. Moritz A., De Graan P. N., Gispen W. H. Wirtz K. W. (1992) Phosphatidic acid is a specific activator of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 7207 7210.
82. Nakagawa T., Engler J. A. Sheng M. (2004) The dynamic turnover and functional roles of alpha-actinin in dendritic spines. Neuropharmacology 47, 734 745.
83. Nakano T., Hozumi Y., Ali H., Saino-Saito S., Kamii H., Sato S., Kayama T., Watanabe M., Kondo H. Goto K. (2006) Diacylglycerol kinase zeta is involved in the process of cerebral infarction. Eur. J. Neurosci. 23, 1427 1435.
84. Nelson C. D., Perry S. J., Regier D. S., Prescott S. M., Topham M. K. Lefkowitz R. J. (2007) Targeting of diacylglycerol degradation to M1 muscarinic receptors by beta-arrestins. Science 315, 663 666.
85. Newey S. E., Velamoor V., Govek E. E. Van Aelst. L. (2005) Rho GTPases, dendritic structure, and mental retardation. J. Neurobiol. 64, 58 74.
86. Nimchinsky E. A., Sabatini B. L. Svoboda K. (2002) Structure and function of dendritic spines. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 64, 313 353.
87. Nurrish S., Segalat L. Kaplan J. M. (1999) Serotonin inhibition of synaptic transmission: Galpha(0) decreases the abundance of UNC-13 at release sites. Neuron 24, 231 242.
88. Okabe S. (2007) Molecular anatomy of the postsynaptic density. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 34, 503 518.
89. Pak D. T. Sheng M. (2003) Targeted protein degradation and synapse remodeling by an inducible protein kinase. Science 302, 1368 1373.
90. Pak D. T., Yang S., Rudolph-Correia S., Kim E. Sheng M. (2001) Regulation of dendritic spine morphology by SPAR, a PSD-95-associated RapGAP. Neuron 31, 289 303. (Pubitemid 32762981)
91. Park E., Na M., Choi J., Kim S., Lee J. R., Yoon J., Park D., Sheng M. Kim E. (2003) The Shank family of postsynaptic density proteins interacts with and promotes synaptic accumulation of the beta PIX guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1 and Cdc42. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 19220 19229.
92. Penzes P. Jones K. A. (2008) Dendritic spine dynamics - a key role for kalirin-7. Trends Neurosci. 31, 419 427.
93. Penzes P., Cahill M. E., Jones K. A. Srivastava D. P. (2008) Convergent CaMK and RacGEF signals control dendritic structure and function. Trends Cell Biol. 18, 405 413.
94. Regier D. S., Higbee J., Lund K. M., Sakane F., Prescott S. M. Topham M. K. (2005) Diacylglycerol kinase iota regulates Ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 and inhibits Rap1 signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 7595 7600.
95. Reyes-Harde M. Stanton P. K. (1998) Postsynaptic phospholipase C activity is required for the induction of homosynaptic long-term depression in rat hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett. 252, 155 158.
96. Rhee S. G. (2001) Regulation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 70, 281 312.
97. Richter J. D. Klann E. (2009) Making synaptic plasticity and memory last: mechanisms of translational regulation. Genes Dev. 23, 1 11.
98. Rincon E., Santos T., Avila-Flores A., Albar J. P., Lalioti V., Lei C., Hong W. Merida I. (2007) Proteomics identification of sorting nexin 27 as a diacylglycerol kinase zeta-associated protein: new diacylglycerol kinase roles in endocytic recycling. Mol. Cell Proteomics 6, 1073 1087.
99. Rodriguez de Turco E. B., Tang W., Topham M. K., Sakane F., Marcheselli V. L., Chen C., Taketomi A., Prescott S. M. Bazan N. G. (2001) Diacylglycerol kinase epsilon regulates seizure susceptibility and long-term potentiation through arachidonoyl-inositol lipid signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4740 4745.
100. Rykx A., De Kimpe L., Mikhalap S., Vantus T., Seufferlein T., Vandenheede J. R. Van Lint J. (2003) Protein kinase D: a family affair. FEBS Lett. 546, 81 86.
101. Ryu J., Futai K., Feliu M., Weinberg R. Sheng M. (2008) Constitutively active Rap2 transgenic mice display fewer dendritic spines, reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, enhanced long-term depression, and impaired spatial learning and fear extinction. J. Neurosci. 28, 8178 8188.
102. Sabatini B. L., Maravall M. Svoboda K. (2001) Ca(2+) signaling in dendritic spines. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11, 349 356.
103. Sakane F., Kai M., Wada I., Imai S. Kanoh H. (1996) The C-terminal part of diacylglycerol kinase alpha lacking zinc fingers serves as a catalytic domain. Biochem. J. 318 (Pt 2 583 590.
104. Sakane F., Imai S., Kai M., Yasuda S. Kanoh H. (2007) Diacylglycerol kinases: why so many of them? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1771, 793 806.
105. Sakane F., Imai S., Kai M., Yasuda S. Kanoh H. (2008) Diacylglycerol kinases as emerging potential drug targets for a variety of diseases. Curr. Drug Targets 9, 626 640.
106. Santos T., Carrasco S., Jones D. R., Merida I. Eguinoa A. (2002) Dynamics of diacylglycerol kinase zeta translocation in living T-cells. Study of the structural domain requirements for translocation and activity. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30300 30309.
107. Sells M. A., Boyd J. T. Chernoff J. (1999) p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) regulates cell motility in mammalian fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 145, 837 849.
108. Sheng M. Hoogenraad C. C. (2007) The postsynaptic architecture of excitatory synapses: a more quantitative view. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 76, 823 847.
109. Shenoy S. K. Lefkowitz R. J. (2005) Seven-transmembrane receptor signaling through beta-arrestin. Sci. STKE 2005, cm10.
110. Shindo M., Irie K., Ohigashi H., Kuriyama M. Saito N. (2001) Diacylglycerol kinase gamma is one of the specific receptors of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 289, 451 456.
111. Shindo M., Irie K., Masuda A., Ohigashi H., Shirai Y., Miyasaka K. Saito N. (2003) Synthesis and phorbol ester binding of the cysteine-rich domains of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) isozymes. DGKgamma and DGKbeta are new targets of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18448 18454.
112. Stace C. L. Ktistakis N. T. (2006) Phosphatidic acid- and phosphatidylserine-binding proteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1761, 913 926.
113. Stace C., Manifava M., Delon C., Coadwell J., Cockcroft S. Ktistakis N. T. (2008) PA binding of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 48, 55 72.
114. Sternweis P. C., Smrcka A. V. Gutowski S. (1992) Hormone signalling via G-protein: regulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis by Gq. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 336, 35 41 discussion 41-32.
115. Stone J. C. (2006) Regulation of Ras in lymphocytes: get a GRP. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34, 858 861.
116. Strack S., Barban M. A., Wadzinski B. E. Colbran R. J. (1997) Differential inactivation of postsynaptic density-associated and soluble Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II by protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. J. Neurochem. 68, 2119 2128.
117. Tada T. Sheng M. (2006) Molecular mechanisms of dendritic spine morphogenesis. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 16, 95 101.
118. Tavalin S. J. (2008) AKAP79 selectively enhances protein kinase C regulation of GluR1 at a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II/protein kinase C site. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 11445 11452.
119. Tejada-Simon M. V., Serrano F., Villasana L. E., Kanterewicz B. I., Wu G. Y., Quinn M. T. Klann E. (2005) Synaptic localization of a functional NADPH oxidase in the mouse hippocampus. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 29, 97 106.
120. Terry-Lorenzo R. T., Roadcap D. W., Otsuka T., Blanpied T. A., Zamorano P. L., Garner C. C., Shenolikar S. Ehlers M. D. (2005) Neurabin/protein phosphatase-1 complex regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis and maturation. Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 2349 2362.
121. Thiels E., Urban N. N., Gonzalez-Burgos G. R., Kanterewicz B. I., Barrionuevo G., Chu C. T., Oury T. D. Klann E. (2000) Impairment of long-term potentiation and associative memory in mice that overexpress extracellular superoxide dismutase. J. Neurosci. 20, 7631 7639.
122. Tolias K. F., Couvillon A. D., Cantley L. C. Carpenter C. L. (1998) Characterization of a Rac1- and RhoGDI-associated lipid kinase signaling complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 762 770.
123. Topham M. K. (2006) Signaling roles of diacylglycerol kinases. J. Cell. Biochem. 97, 474 484.
124. Topham M. K. Epand R. M. (2009) Mammalian diacylglycerol kinases: molecular interactions and biological functions of selected isoforms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1790, 416 424.
125. Topham M. K. Prescott S. M. (2001) Diacylglycerol kinase zeta regulates Ras activation by a novel mechanism. J. Cell Biol. 152, 1135 1143.
126. Topham M. K., Bunting M., Zimmerman G. A., McIntyre T. M., Blackshear P. J. Prescott S. M. (1998) Protein kinase C regulates the nuclear localization of diacylglycerol kinase-zeta. Nature 394, 697 700.
127. Tsai M. H., Yu C. L. Stacey D. W. (1990) A cytoplasmic protein inhibits the GTPase activity of H-Ras in a phospholipid-dependent manner. Science 250, 982 985.
128. Tu-Sekine B. Raben D. M. (2009) Regulation of DGK-theta. J. Cell. Physiol. 220, 548 552.
129. Van de. Ven. T. J., VanDongen H. M. VanDongen A. M. (2005) The nonkinase phorbol ester receptor alpha 1-chimerin binds the NMDA receptor NR2A subunit and regulates dendritic spine density. J. Neurosci. 25, 9488 9496.
130. Vazquez L. E., Chen H. J., Sokolova I., Knuesel I. Kennedy M. B. (2004) SynGAP regulates spine formation. J. Neurosci. 24, 8862 8872.
131. Wang Q. J. (2006) PKD at the crossroads of DAG and PKC signaling. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 27, 317 323.
132. Wegner A. M., Nebhan C. A., Hu L., Majumdar D., Meier K. M., Weaver A. M. Webb D. J. (2008) N-wasp and the arp2/3 complex are critical regulators of actin in the development of dendritic spines and synapses. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 15912 15920.
133. Wojcik S. M. Brose N. (2007) Regulation of membrane fusion in synaptic excitation-secretion coupling: speed and accuracy matter. Neuron 55, 11 24.
134. Yakubchyk Y., Abramovici H., Maillet J. C., Daher E., Obagi C., Parks R. J., Topham M. K. Gee S. H. (2005) Regulation of neurite outgrowth in N1E-115 cells through PDZ-mediated recruitment of diacylglycerol kinase zeta. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 7289 7302.
135. Yin H. L. Janmey P. A. (2003) Phosphoinositide regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 65, 761 789.
136. Zhang H. Macara I. G. (2008) The PAR-6 polarity protein regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis through p190 RhoGAP and the Rho GTPase. Dev. Cell 14, 216 226.
137. Zhang H., Webb D. J., Asmussen H., Niu S. Horwitz A. F. (2005) A GIT1/PIX/Rac/PAK signaling module regulates spine morphogenesis and synapse formation through MLC. J. Neurosci. 25, 3379 3388.
138. Zhong X. P., Hainey E. A., Olenchock B. A., Jordan M. S., Maltzman J. S., Nichols K. E., Shen H. Koretzky G. A. (2003) Enhanced T cell responses due to diacylglycerol kinase zeta deficiency. Nat. Immunol. 4, 882 890.