Photonic quantum technologies

Nature Photonics

Volumn 3, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 687-695

  O'Brien, Jeremy L ^a   Furusawa, Akira ^b   Vučković, Jelena ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL POWER; ENCODING INFORMATIONS; HIGH SPEED TRANSMISSION; QUANTUM INFORMATION; QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS; QUANTUM MECHANICAL EFFECTS; QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES; SECURE NETWORKS;

PHOTONS; QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; QUANTUM OPTICS; QUANTUM THEORY;

TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 72449144135     PISSN: 17494885     EISSN: 17494893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2009.229     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Nielsen, M. A. & Chuang, I. L. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000).
2. Gisin, N. & Thew, R. Quantum communication. Nature Photon. 1, 165-171 (2007).
3. Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S. & Maccone, L. Quantum-enhanced measurements: Beating the standard quantum limit. Science 306, 1330-1336 (2004).
4. Boto, A. N. et al. Quantum interferometric optical lithography: Exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733-2736 (2000).
5. Freedman, S. J. & Clauser, J. F. Experimental test of local hidden-variable theories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 938-941 (1972).
6. Aspect, A., Grangier, P. & Roger, G. Experimental tests of realistic local theories via Bell's theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 460-463 (1981).
7. Kwiat, P. G. et al. New high-intensity source of polarization-entangled photon pairs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4337-4341 (1995).
8. Ou, Z. Y., Pereira, S. F., Kimble, H. J. & Peng, K. C. Realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox for continuous variables. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3663-3666 (1992).
9. Bouwmeester, D. et al. Experimental quantum teleportation. Nature 390, 575-579 (1997).
10. Furusawa, A. et al. Unconditional quantum teleportation. Science 282, 706-709 (1998).
11. Turchette, Q. A., Hood, C. J., Lange, W., Mabuchi, H. & Kimble, H. J. Measurement of conditional phase shifts for quantum logic. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4710-4713 (1995).
12. Gisin, N., Ribordy, G., Tittel, W. & Zbinden, H. Quantum cryptography. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 145-195 (2002).
13. DiVincenzo, D. P. & Loss, D. Quantum information is physical. Superlatt. Microstruct. 23, 419-432 (1998).
14. O'Brien, J. L. Optical quantum computing. Science 318, 1567-1570 (2007).
15. Aoki, T. et al. Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator. Nature 443, 671-674 (2006).
16. Schmidt, H. & Imamo?lu, A. Giant Kerr nonlinearities obtained by electromagnetically induced transparency. Opt. Lett. 21, 1936-1938 (1996).
17. Knill, E., Laflamme, R. & Milburn, G. J. A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics. Nature 409, 46-52 (2001).
18. Bennett, C. H. et al. Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895-1899 (1993).
19. Gottesman, D. & Chuang, I. L. Demonstrating the viability of universal quantum computation using teleportation and single-qubit operations. Nature 402, 390-393 (1999).
20. O'Brien, J. L., Pryde, G. J., White, A. G., Ralph, T. C. & Branning, D. Demonstration of an all-optical quantum controlled-NOT gate. Nature 426, 264-267 (2003).
21. O'Brien, J. L. et al. Quantum process tomography of a controlled-NOT gate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 080502 (2004).
22. Pittman, T. B., Fitch, M. J., Jacobs, B. C. & Franson, J. D. Experimental controlled-NOT logic gate for single photons in the coincidence basis. Phys. Rev. A 68, 032316 (2003).
23. Gasparoni, S., Pan, J.-W., Walther, P., Rudolph, T. & Zeilinger, A. Realization of a photonic controlled-NOT gate sufficient for quantum computation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 020504 (2004).
24. Lanyon, B. P. et al. Simplifying quantum logic using higher-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Nature Phys. 5, 134-140 (2009).
25. Pittman, T. B., Jacobs, B. C. & Franson, J. D. Demonstration of quantum error correction using linear optics. Phys. Rev. A 71, 052332 (2005).
26. O'Brien, J. L., Pryde, G. J., White, A. G. & Ralph, T. C. High-fidelity Z-measurement error encoding of optical qubits. Phys. Rev. A 71, 060303 (2005).
27. Lu, C.-Y. et al. Experimental quantum coding against qubit loss error. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 11050-11054 (2008).
28. Lu, C.-Y., Browne, D. E., Yang, T. & Pan, J.-W. Demonstration of a compiled version of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm using photonic qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 250504 (2007).
29. Lanyon, B. P. et al. Experimental demonstration of a compiled version of Shor's algorithm with quantum entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 250505 (2007).
30. Yoran, N. & Reznik, B. Deterministic linear optics quantum computation with single photon qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 037903 (2003).
31. Nielsen, M. A. Optical quantum computation using cluster states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 040503 (2004).
32. Browne, D. E. & Rudolph, T. Resource-efficient linear optical quantum computation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 010501 (2005).
33. Ralph, T. C., Hayes, A. J. F. & Gilchrist, A. Loss-tolerant optical qubits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 100501 (2005).
34. Raussendorf, R. & Briegel, H. J. A one-way quantum computer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5188-5191 (2001).
35. Walther, P. et al. Experimental one-way quantum computing. Nature 434, 169-176 (2005).
36. Prevedel, R. et al. High-speed linear optics quantum computing using active feed-forward. Nature 445, 65-69 (2007).
37. Pellizzari, T., Gardiner, S. A., Cirac, J. I. & Zoller, P. Decoherence, continuous observation, and quantum computing: A cavity QED model. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3788-3791 (1995).
38. Duan, L.-M. & Kimble, H. J. Scalable photonic quantum computation through cavity-assisted interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 127902 (2004).
39. Devitt, S. J. et al. Photonic module: An on-demand resource for photonic entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 76, 052312 (2007).
40. Stephens, A. M. et al. Deterministic optical quantum computer using photonic modules. Phys. Rev. A 78, 032318 (2008).
41. Migdall, A. L., Branning, D. & Castelletto, S. Tailoring single-photon and multiphoton probabilities of a single-photon on-demand source. Phys. Rev. A 66, 053805 (2002).
42. Lindner, N. H. & Rudolph, T. Proposal for pulsed on-demand sources of photonic cluster state strings. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 113602 (2009).
43. Caves, C. M. Quantum-mechanical noise in an interferometer. Phys. Rev. D 23, 1693-1708 (1981).
44. Yurke, B., McCall, S. L. & Klauder, J. R. SU(2) and SU(1, 1) interferometers. Phys. Rev. A 33, (1986).
45. Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S. & Maccone, L. Quantum metrology. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 010401 (2006).
46. Mitchell, M. W., Lundeen, J. S. & Steinberg, A. M. Super-resolving phase measurements with a multiphoton entangled state. Nature 429, 161-164 (2004).
47. Resch, K. J. et al. Timereversal and super-resolving phase measurements. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 223601 (2007).
48. Ou, Z. Y., Zou, X. Y., Wang, L. J. & Mandel, L. Experiment on nonclassical fourth-order interference. Phys. Rev. A 42, 2957-2965 (1990).
49. Walther, P. et al. De Broglie wavelength of a non-local four-photon state. Nature 429, 158-161 (2004).
50. Nagata, T., Okamoto, R., O'Brien, J. L., Sasaki, K. & Takeuchi, S. Beating the standard quantum limit with four-entangled photons. Science 316, 726-729 (2007). (Pubitemid 46717676)
51. Okamoto, R. et al. Beating the standard quantum limit: phase super-sensitivity of N-photon interferometers. New J. Phys. 10, 073033 (2008).
52. Higgins, B. L., Berry, D. W., Bartlett, S. D., Wiseman, H. M. & Pryde, G. J. Nature 450, 393-396 (2007).
53. Bowen, W. P., Treps, N., Schnabel, R. & Lam, P. K. Experimental demonstration of continuous variable polarization entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 253601 (2002).
54. Korolkova, N., Leuchs, G., Loudon, R., Ralph, T. C. & Silberhorn, C. Polarization squeezing and continuous-variable polarization entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 65, 052306 (2002).
55. Laurat, J., Coudreau, T., Keller, G., Treps, N. & Fabre, C. Effects of mode coupling on the generation of quadrature Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement in a type-II optical parametric oscillator below threshold. Phys. Rev. A 71, 022313 (2005).
56. Wagner, K. et al. Entangling the spatial properties of laser beams. Science 321, 541-543 (2008).
57. Sasaki, M., Kato, K., Izutsu, M. & Hirota, O. A demonstration of superadditivity in the classical capacity of a quantum channel. Phys. Lett. A 236, 1-4 (1997).
58. Wiseman, H. M. Adaptive phase measurements of optical modes: Going beyond the marginal Q distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4587-4590 (1995).
59. Armen, M. A., Au, J. K., Stockton, J. K., Doherty, A. C. & Mabuchi, H. Adaptive homodyne measurement of optical phase. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 133602 (2002).
60. Vaidman, L. Teleportation of quantum states. Phys. Rev. A 49, 1473-1476 (1994).
61. Braunstein, S. L. & Kimble, H. J. Teleportation of continuous quantum variables. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 869-872 (1998).
62. Suzuki, S., Yonezawa, H., Kannari, F., Sasaki, M. & Furusawa, A. 7 dB quadrature squeezing at 860 nm with periodically poled KTiOPO4. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 061116 (2006).
63. Polzik, E. S., Carri, J. & Kimble, H. J. Atomic spectroscopy with squeezed light for sensitivity beyond the vacuum-state limit. Appl. Phys. B 55, 279-290 (1992).
64. Takeno, Y., Yukawa, M., Yonezawa, H. & Furusawa, A. Observation of ?9 dB quadrature squeezing with improvement of phase stability in homodyne measurement. Opt. Express 15, 4321-4327 (2007).
65. Vahlbruch, H. et al. Observation of squeezed light with 10-dB quantum-noise reduction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 033602 (2008).
66. Yukawa, M., Benichi, H. & Furusawa, A. High-fidelity continuous-variable quantum teleportation toward multistep quantum operations. Phys. Rev. A 77, 022314 (2008).
67. Dakna, M., Anhut, T., Opatrny, T., Knoll, L. & Welsch, D.-G. Generating Schrodinger-cat-like states by means of conditional measurements on a beam splitter. Phys. Rev. A 55, 3184-3194 (1997). (Pubitemid 127630155)
68. Ourjoumstev, A., Tualle-Brouri, R., Laurat, J. & Grangier, P. Generating optical Schrodinger kittens for quantum information processing. Science 312, 83-86 (2006).
69. Neergaard-Nielsen, J. S., Nielsen, B. M., Hettich, C., Molmer, K. & Polzik, E. S. Generation of a superposition of odd photon number states for quantum information networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 083604 (2006).
70. Takahashi, H. et al. Generation of large-amplitude coherent-state superposition via ancilla-assisted photon subtraction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 233605 (2008).
71. Yoshino, K.-I., Aoki, T. & Furusawa, A. Generation of continuous-wave broadband entangled beams using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 041111 (2007).
72. Lee, N. et al. in CLEO/IQEC 2009 Technical Digest CD-ROM paper ITuB4 (CLEO/IQEC, 2009).
73. Zhou, X., Leung, D. W. & Chuang, I. L. Methodology for quantum logic gate construction. Phys. Rev. A 62, 052316 (2000).
74. Menicucci, N. C. et al. Universal quantum computation with continuousvariable cluster states Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 110501 (2006).
75. Filip, R., Marek, P. & Andersen, U. L. Measurement-induced continuousvariable quantum interactions. Phys. Rev. A 71, 042308 (2005).
76. Yoshikawa, J. et al. Demonstration of deterministic and high fidelity squeezing of quantum information. Phys. Rev. A 76, 060301(R) (2007).
77. Gottesman, D., Kitaev, A. & Preskill, J. Encoding a qubit in an oscillator. Phys. Rev. A 64, 012310 (2001).
78. Yoshikawa, J.-I. et al. Demonstration of a quantum nondemolition sum gate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 250501 (2008).
79. Menicucci, N. C., Flammia, S. T. & Pfister, O. One-way quantum computing in the optical frequency comb. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 130501 (2008).
80. Su, X. et al. Experimental preparation of quadripartite cluster and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled states for continuous variables. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070502 (2007).
81. Yukawa, M., Ukai, R., van Loock, P. & Furusawa, A. Experimental generation of four-mode continuous-variable cluster states. Phys. Rev. A 78, 012301 (2008).
82. Politi, A., Cryan, M. J., Rarity, J. G., Yu, S. & O'Brien, J. L. Silica-on-silicon waveguide quantum circuits. Science 320, 646-649 (2008).
83. Migdal, A. & Dowling, J. (eds) Single-photon detectors, applications, and measurement. J. Mod. Opt. (special issue) 51, (2004).
84. Santori, C., Fattal, D., Vu?kovi?, J., Solomon, G. S. & Yamamoto, Y. Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device. Nature 419, 594-597 (2002).
85. Faraon, A. et al. Dipole induced transparency in waveguide coupled photonic crystal cavities. Opt. Express 16, 12154-12162 (2008).
86. Honjo, T., Inoue, K. & Takahashi, H. Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution experiment with a planar light-wave circuit Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Lett. 29, 2797-2799 (2004).
87. Takesue, H. & Inoue, K. Generation of 1.5-?m band time-bin entanglement using spontaneous fiber four-wave mixing and planar light-wave circuit interferometers. Phys. Rev. A 72, 041804 (2005).
88. Matthews, J. C. F., Politi, A., Stefanov, A. & O'Brien, J. L. Manipulation of multiphoton entanglement in waveguide quantum circuits. Nature Photon. 3, 346-350 (2009).
89. Politi, A., Matthews, J. C. F. & O'Brien, J. L. Shor's quantum factoring algorithm on a photonic chip. Science 325, 1221 (2009).
90. Marshall, G. D. et al. Laser written waveguide photonic quantum circuits. Opt. Express 17, 12546-12554 (2009).
91. Smith, B. J., Kundys, D., Thomas-Peter, N., Smith, P. G. R. & Walmsley, I. A. Phase-controlled integrated photonic quantum circuits. Opt. Express 17, 13516-13525 (2009).
92. Lloyd, S. & Braunstein, S. L. Quantum computation over continuous variables. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1784-1787 (1999).
93. Cirac, J. I., Zoller, P., Kimble, H. J. & Mabuchi, H. Quantum state transfer and entanglement distribution among distant nodes in a quantum network. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3221-3224 (1997). (Pubitemid 127657328)
94. Duan, L.-M., Lukin, M. D., Cirac, J. I. & Zoller, P. Long-distance quantum communication with atomic ensembles and linear optics. Nature 414, 413-418 (2001).
95. Grangier, P., Sanders, B. & Vu?kovi?, J. (eds) Focus on single photons on demand. New J. Phys. (special issue) 6, 85-100 (2004).
96. Farrow, T. et al. Single-photon emitting diode based on a quantum dot in a micro-pillar. Nanotechnology 19, 345401 (2008).
97. Ates, S. et al. Indistinguishable photons from the resonance fluorescence of a single quantum dot in a microcavity. Preprint at (2009).
98. Kiraz, A., Atature, M. & Imamo?lu, A. Quantum-dot single-photon sources: Prospects for applications in linear optics quantum-information processing. Phys. Rev. A 69, 032305 (2004).
99. Nogues, G. et al. Seeing a single photon without destroying it. Nature 400, 239-242 (1999).
100. Rauschenbeutel, A. et al. Coherent operation of a tunable quantum phase gate in cavity QED. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5166-5169 (1999).
101. Turchette, Q. A., Hood, C. J., Lange, W., Mabuchi, H. & Kimble, H. J. Measurement of conditional phase shifts for quantum logic. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4710-4713 (1995).
102. Braje, D. A., Bali?, V., Yin, G. Y. & Harris, S. E. Low-light-level nonlinear optics with slow light. Phys. Rev. A 68, 041801 (2003).
103. Yoshie, T. et al. Vacuum Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity. Nature 432, 200-203 (2004).
104. Hennessy, K. et al. Quantum nature of a strongly coupled single quantum dot-cavity system. Nature 445, 896-899 (2007).
105. Press, D. et al. Photon antibunching from a single quantum-dot- microcavity system in the strong coupling regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 117402 (2007).
106. Englund, D. et al. Controlling cavity reflectivity with a single quantum dot. Nature 450, 857-861 (2007).
107. Srinivasan, K. & Painter, O. Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly coupled microdisk-quantum dot system. Nature 450, 862-865 (2007).
108. Fushman, I. et al. Controlled phase shifts with a single quantum dot. Science 320, 769-772 (2008).
109. Faraon, A. et al. Coherent generation of non-classical light on a chip via photon-induced tunnelling and blockade. Nature Phys. 4, 859-863 (2008).
110. Birnbaum, K. M. Photon blockade in an optical cavity with one trapped atom. Nature 436, 87-90 (2005).
111. Badolato, A. et al. Deterministic coupling of single quantum dots to single nanocavity modes. Science 308, 1158-1161 (2005).
112. Hennessy, K. et al. Tuning photonic crystal nanocavity modes by wet chemical digital etching. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 021108 (2005).
113. Mosor, S. et al. Scanning a photonic crystal slab nanocavity by condensation of xenon. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 141105 (2005).
114. Faraon, A. et al. Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 043123 (2008).
115. Faraon, A. et al. Local quantum dot tuning on photonic crystal chips. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 213110 (2007).
116. Faraon, A. & Vu?kovi?, J. Local temperature control of photonic crystal devices via micron-scale electrical heaters. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 043102 (2009).
117. Laucht, A. et al. Electrical control of spontaneous emission and strong coupling for a single quantum dot. New J. Phys. 11, 023034 (2009).
118. Faraon, A., Majumdar, A., Kim, H., Petroff, P. & Vu?kovi?, J. Fast electrical control of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a nano-resonator. Preprint available at (2009).
119. Childress, L. et al. Coherent dynamics of coupled electron and nuclear spin qubits in diamond. Science 314, 281-285 (2006).
120. Hanson, R., Dobrovitski, V. V., Feiguin, A. E., Gywat, O. & Awschalom, D. D. Coherent dynamics of a single spin interacting with an adjustable spin bath. Science 320, 352-355 (2008).
121. VanDevender, A. P. & Kwiat, P. G. Quantum transduction via frequency upconversion. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 295-299 (2007).
122. Langrock, C. et al. Highly efficient single-photon detection at communication wavelengths by use of upconversion in reverse-proton-exchanged periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides. Opt. Lett. 30, 1725-1727 (2005).