Phase-controlled integrated photonic quantum circuits

Optics Express

Volumn 17, Issue 16, 2009, Pages 13516-13525

  Smith, Brian J ^a,b   Kundys, Dmytro ^c   Thomas Peter, Nicholas ^b   Smith, P G R ^c   Walmsley, I A ^b  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INTERFEROMETERS; TIMING CIRCUITS;

INTEGRATED OPTICAL CIRCUIT; INTEGRATED OPTICAL STRUCTURE; INTEGRATED PHOTONICS; NON-CLASSICAL INTERFERENCE; PROOF OF PRINCIPLES; QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES; THERMO-OPTIC PHASE SHIFTERS; UV-WRITTEN WAVEGUIDE;

PHOTONIC INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY;

ARTICLE; COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INSTRUMENTATION; INTERFEROMETRY; LIGHT; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION; PHOTON; PILOT STUDY; RADIATION SCATTERING; REFRACTOMETRY; SYSTEM ANALYSIS; THEORETICAL MODEL;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; INTERFEROMETRY; LIGHT; MODELS, THEORETICAL; OPTICAL DEVICES; PHOTONS; PILOT PROJECTS; REFRACTOMETRY; SCATTERING, RADIATION; SYSTEMS INTEGRATION;

EID: 68449087754     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.17.013516     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. P. Kok, W. J. Munro, K. Nemoto, T. C. Ralph, J. P. Dowling, and G. J. Milburn, "Linear optical quantum computing with photonic qubits," Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 135-174 (2007).
2. J. L. O'Brien, "Optical Quantum Computing," Science 318, 1567-1570 (2007).
3. L. M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, "Long-distance quantum communciation with atomic ensembles and linear optics," Nature 414, 413-418 (2001).
4. N. Gisin and R. Thew, "Quantum communication," Nat. Photon. 1, 165-171 (2007).
5. H. J. Kimble, "The quantum internet," Nature 453, 1023-1030 (2008).
6. S. Wiesner, "Conjugate coding," SIGACT News 15, 78-88 (1983).
7. C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard, "Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, (IEEE, 1984) pp. 175-179.
8. A. K. Ekert, "Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem," Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661-663 (1991).
9. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, "Quantum cryptography," Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 145-195 (2002).
10. V. Giovannetti, S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, "Quantum-Enhanced Measurements: Beating the Standard Quantum Limit," Science 306, 1330-1336 (2004).
11. V. Giovannetti, S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, "Quantum Metrology," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 010401 (2006).
12. U. Dorner, R. Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, B. J. Smith, J. S. Lundeen, W. Wasilewski, K. Banaszek, and I. A. Walmsley, "Optimal Quantum Phase Estmation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 040403 (2009).
13. M. Reck, A. Zeilinger, H. J. Bernstein, and P. Bertani, "Experimental Realization of Any Discrete Unitary Operator," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 58-61 (1994).
14. T. B. Pittman, M. J. Fitch, B. C. Jacobs, and J. D. Franson, "Experimental controlled-NOT logic gate for single photons in the coincidence basis," Phys. Rev. A 68, 032316 (2003).
15. J. L. O'Brien, G. J. Pryde, A. G. White, T. C. Ralph, and D. Branning, "Demonstration of an all-optical quantum controlled-NOT gate," Nature 426, 264-267 (2003).
16. J. O'Brien, G. J. Pryde, A. Gilchrist, D. F. V. James, N. K. Langford, T. C. Ralph, and A. G. White, "Quantum Process Tomography of a Controlled-NOT Gate," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 080502 (2004).
17. S. Gasparoni, J.-W. Pan, P. Walther, T. Rudolph, and A. Zeilinger, "Realization of a Photonic Controlled-NOT Gate Sufficient for Quantum Computation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 020504 (2004).
18. N. K. Langford, T. J. Weinhold, R. Prevedel, K. J. Resch, A. Gilchrist, J. L. O'Brien, G. J. Pryde, and A. G. White, "Demonstration of a Simple Entangling Optical Gate and Its Use in Bell-State Analysis," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 210504 (2005).
19. N. Kiesel, C. Schmid, U. Weber, R. Ursin, and H. Weinfurter, "Linear Optics Controlled-Phase Gate Made Simple," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 210505 (2005).
20. R. Okamoto, H. F. Hofmann, S. Takeuchi, and K. Sasaki, "Demonstration of and Optical Quantum Controlled-NOT Gate withtout Path Interference," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 210506 (2005).
21. P. Walther, K. J. Resch, T. Rudolph, E. Schenck, H. Weinfurter, V. Vedral, M. Aspelmeyer, and A. Zeilinger, "Experimental one-way quantum computing," Nature 434, 169-176 (2005).
22. N. Kiesel, C. Schmid, U. Weber, G. Toth, O. Guhne, R. Ursin, and H. Weinfurter, "Experimental Analysis of a Four-Qubit Photon Cluster State," Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 210502 (2005).
23. C. Y. Lu, X.-Q. Zhou, O. Guhne, W.-B. Gao, J. Zhang, Z.-S. Yuan, A. Goebel, T. Yang, and J.-W. Pan, "Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states," Nat. Phys. 3, 91-95 (2007).
24. B. P. Lanyon, T. J. Weinhold, N. K. Langford, M. Barbieri, D. F. V. James, A. Gilchrist, and A. G. White, "Experimental Demonstration of a Compiled Version of Shor's Algorithm with Quantum Entanglement," Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 250505 (2007).
25. Z.-S. Yuan, Y.-A. Chen, B. Zhao, S. Chen, J. Schmiedmayer, and J.-W. Pan, "Experimental demonstration of a BDCZ quantum repeater node," Nature 454, 1098-1101 (2008).
26. B. P. Lanyon, M. Barbieri, M. P. Almeida, T. Jennewein, T. C. Ralph, K. J. Resch, G. J. Pryde, J. L. O'Brien, A. Gilchrist, and A. G. White, "Simplifying quantum logic using higher-dimensional Hilbert spaces," Nat. Phys. 5, 134-140 (2009).
27. M. W. Mitchell, J. S. Lundeen, and A. M. Steinberg, "Super-Resolving Phase Measurements with a Multiphoton Entangled State," Nature 429, 161-164 (2004).
28. P. Walther, J.-W. Pan, M. Aspelmeyer, R. Ursin, S. Gasparoni, and A. Zeilinger, "De Broglie wavelength of a non-local four-photon state," Nature 429, 158-161 (2004).
29. T. Nagata, R. Okamoto, J. L. O'Brien, K. Sasaki, and S. Takeuchi, "Beating the Standard Quantum Limit with Four-Entangled Photons," Science 316, 726-729 (2007).
30. I. A. Walmsley and M. G. Raymer, "Toward Quantum-Information Processing with Photons," Science 307, 1733- 1734 (2005).
31. I. A. Walmsley, "Looking to the Future of Quantum Optics," Science 319, 1211-1213 (2008).
32. C. K. Hong, Z. Y. Ou, and L. Mandel, "Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference," Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2044-2046 (1987).
33. R. Laflamme, G. J. Milburn, and E. Knill, "A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics," Nature 409, 46-52 (2001).
34. H. Takesue and K. Inoue, "Generation of 1.5-μ m band time-bin entanglement using spontaneous fiber four-wave mixing and planar light-wave circuit interferometers," Phys. Rev. A 72, 041804(R) (2005).
35. A. Politi, M. J. Cryan, J. G. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. L. O'Brien, "Silica-on-Silicon Waveguide Quantum Circuits," Science 320, 646-649 (2008).
36. G. D. Marshall, A. Politi, J. C. F. Matthews, P. Dekker, M. Ams, M. J. Withford, and J. L. O'Brien, "Laser written photonic quantum circuits," arXiv:0902.4357v1.
37. Optical-fiber-based quantum logic gates have been recently demonstrated [38, 39]. Such gates will play an important role in quantum communications, but seem limited to a few gates due to classical phase stability, rather than computational tasks with several cascaded gate operations.
38. J. Chen, J. B. Altepeter, M. Medic, K. F. Lee, B. Gokden, R. H. Hadfield, S. W. Nam, and P. Kumar, "Demonstration of a Quantum Controlled-NOT Gate in the Telecommunications Band," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 133603 (2008).
39. A. S. Clark, J. Fulconis, J. G. Rarity, W. J. Wadsworth, and J. L. O'Brien, "All-optical-fiber polarization-based quantum logic gate," Phys. Rev. A 79, 030303(R) (2009).
40. M. Svalgaard, C. V. Poulsen, A. Bjarklev, and O. Poulsen, "UV-writing of buried single-mode channel waveguides in Ge-doped silica films," Electron. Lett. 30, 1401-1402 (1994).
41. D. O. Kundys, J. C. Gates, S. Dasgupta, C. B. E. Gawith, and P. G. R. Smith, "Use of Cross-Couplers to Decrease Size of UV Written Photonic Circuits," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (to be published).
42. F. Durr and H. Renner, "Analytical Design of X-Couplers," J. Lightwave Technol. 23(2), 876-885 (2005).
43. J. G. Rarity, P. R. Tapster, E. Jakeman, T. Larchuk, R. A. Campos, M. C. Teich, and B. E. Saleh, "Two-photon interference in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1348-1351 (1990).
44. F. R. M. Adikan, C. B. E. Gawith, P. G. R. Smith, I. J. G. Sparrow, G. D. Emmerson, C. Riziotis, and H. Ahmad, "Design and demonstration of direct UV-written small angle X couplers in silica-on-silicon for broadband operation," Appl. Opt. 45, 6113-6118 (2006).
45. G. D. Emmerson, S. P. Watt, C. B. E. Gawith, V. Albanis, M. Ibsen, R. B. Williams, and P. G. R. Smith, "Fabrication of directly UV-written channel waveguides with simultaneously defined integral Bragg gratings," Electron. Lett. 38, 1531-1532 (2002).
46. P. Tandon and H. Boek, "Experimental and theoretical studies of flame hydrolosis deposition process for making glasses for optical planar devices," J. Non-Crystal. Solids 317, 275-289 (2003).
47. P. J. Mosley, J. S. Lundeen, B. J. Smith, P. Wasylcyk, A. B. U'Ren, C. Silberhorn, and I. A. Walmsley, "Heralded Generation of Ultrafast Single Photons in Pure Quantum States," Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 133601 (2008).
48. P. J. Mosley, J. S. Lundeen, B. J. Smith, and I. A. Walmsley, "Conditional preparation of single photons using parametric downconversion: a recipe for purity," New J. Phys. 10, 093011 (2008).
49. J. C. F. Matthews, A. Politi, A. Stefanov, and J. L. O'Brien, "Manipulation of multiphoton entanglement in waveguide quantum circuits," Nat. Photon. 3, 346-350 (2009).