R U able to meat me: The impact of students' overly casual email messages to instructors

Communication Education

Volumn 58, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 303-326

  Stephens, Keri K ^a   Houser, Marian L ^b   Cowan, Renee L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Email quality; Email use; Generational effects; Instructional communication; Out of classroom communication; Technology use

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449558667     PISSN: 03634523     EISSN: 14795795     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03634520802582598     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Andersen, J. F., & Andersen, P. A. (1987). Never smile until Christmas? Casting doubt on an old myth. Journal of Thought, 22, 57-61.
2. Barry, B., & Crant, J. M. (2000). Dyadic communication relationships in organizations: An attribution/expectancy approach. Organization Science, 11, 648-664.
3. Bimling, G. S. (2000). New technologies: Changing how we work with students. About Campus, 5, 3-7.
4. Bloch, J. (2002). Student/teacher interaction via email: The social context of internet discourse. Journal of Second Language Writing, 11, 117-134.
5. Bunz, U., & Campbell, S. W. (2004). Politeness accommodation in electronic mail. Communication Research Reports, 21, 11-25.
6. Burgess, A., Jackson, T., & Edwards, J. (2005). Email training significantly reduces email deficiencies. International Journal of Information Management, 25, 71-83.
7. Burgoon, J. K. (1983). Nonverbal violations of expectations. In J. Wiemann & R. Harrison (Eds.), Nonverbal interaction: Vol. 11. Sage annual reviews of communication (pp. 11-77). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
8. Burgoon, J. K. (1993). Interpersonal expectations, expectancy violations, and emotional communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 12, 30-48.
9. Burgoon, J. K., Allspach, L. E., & Miczo, N. (1997). Needs, expectancies, goals and initial interaction: A view from interaction adaptation theory. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western States Communication Association, Monterey, CA.
10. Burgoon, J. K., Ebesu, A. L. A., White, C. H., Koch, P., Alvaro, E. M., & Kikuchi, T. (1998). The many faces of interaction adaptation. In M. T. Palmer & G. A. Barnett (Eds.), Papers in communication sciences, vol. 14 (pp. 191-220). Stanford, CT: Ablex.
11. Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors. Communication Monographs, 55, 58-79.
12. Burgoon, J. K., & LePoire, B. A. (1993). Effects of communication expectancies, actual communication, and expectancy disconfirmation on evaluations of communicators and their communication behavior. Human Communication Research, 20, 67-96.
13. Burgoon, J. K., Stern, L. A., & Dillman, L. (1995). Interpersonal adaptation: Dyadic interaction patterns. New York: Cambridge University Press.
14. Cole, J. G., & McCroskey, J. C. (2003). The association of perceived communication apprehension, shyness, and verbal aggression with perceptions of source credibility and affect in organizational and interpersonal contexts. Communication Quarterly, 51, 101-110.
15. Colley, A., Todd, Z., Bland, M., Holmes, M., Khanom, N., & Pike, H. (2004). Style and content in e-mails and letters to male and female friends. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 23, 369-378.
16. Comstock, J. (1999). Mutual influence in teacher student relationships: Applying IAT to assess teacher adaptation to student classroom involvement. Paper presented at the National Communication Association Convention, Chicago.
17. Crowther, G., & Goldhaber, G. (2001). Face-to-face or email: The medium makes a difference. Communication World, 18, 25-26.
18. Dennis, A. R. (1996). Information exchange and use in group decision making: You can lead a group to information but you can't make it think. MIS Quarterly, 20, 433-457.
19. Dholakia, R. R. (1979). Influencing buyer behavior. European Journal of Marketing, 13, 282-294.
20. Dobransky, N. D., & Frymier, A. B. (2004). Developing teacher student relationships through out of class communication. Communication Quarterly, 52, 211-223.
21. D'Souza, P. V. (1992a). Electronic mail in academic settings: A multipurpose communication tool. Educational Technology, 32, 22-25.
22. D'Souza, P. V. (1992b). E-mail's role in the learning process: A case study. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 24, 254-264.
23. Duran, R. L., Kelly, L., & Keaton, J. A. (2005). College faculty use and perceptions of electronic mail to communication with students. Communication Quarterly, 53, 159-176.
24. Extejt, M. M. (1998). Teaching students to correspond effectively electronically. Business Communication Quarterly, 61, 57-67.
25. Floyd, K., & Burgoon, J. K. (1999). Reacting to nonverbal expressions of liking: A test of interaction adaptation theory. Communication Monographs, 66, 219-239.
26. Focazio, M. (1997). How effective is your email? Getting Results for the Hands on Manager, 42, 7.
27. Frymier, A. B., & Houser, M. L. (2000). The teacher student relaionship as an interpersonal relationship. Communication Education, 49, 207-219.
28. Gilbert, S. W. (1995). Technology and the changing academy: Symptoms, questions, and suggestions. Change, 27, 58-61.
29. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161-178.
30. Hamel, S. A. (2006). Receiver's reactions to dissonant use of communication technology in the workplace: Effects on communication strategies and the perceived usefulness of technology. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.
31. Hassini, E. (2006). Student instructor communication: The role of email. Computers & Education, 47,29-40.
32. Haworth, B. (1999). An analysis of the determinants of student e-mail use. Journal of Education for Business, 75, 55-59.
33. Hinkle, S. E. (2002). The impact of e-mail use on student faculty interaction. Journal of the Indiana University Student Personnel Association, 27-34.
34. Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication and persuasion, psychological studies of opinion change. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
35. Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2000). Millennials rising: The next great generation. New York: Vintage.
36. Jaasma, M. A., & Koper, R. J. (2002). Out-of-class communication between female and male students and faculty: The relationship to student perceptions of instructor immediacy. Women. s Studies in Communication, 25, 119-137.
37. Jessmer, S., & Anderson, D. (2001). The effect of politeness and grammar on user perceptions of electronic mail. North American Journal of Psychology, 3, 331-346.
38. Kearney, P., Plax, T. G., Richmond, V. P., & McCroskey, J. C. (1985). Power in the classroom III: Teacher communication techniques and messages. Communication Education, 34, 19-28.
39. Lancaster, L. C., & Stillman, D. (2002). When generations collide: Who they are, why they clash, how to solve the generational puzzle at work. New York: HarperCollins.
40. Malveaux, J. (2000). Technology, learning, and the future of education. Black Issues in Higher Education, 17-38.
41. Martin, M. M., & Myers, S. A. (2006). Students' communication traits and their out-of-class communication with their instructors. Communication Research Reports, 23, 283-289.
42. McCroskey, J. C. (1966). Scales for the measurement of ethos. Speech Monographs, 33, 65-72.
43. McCroskey, J. C. (1982). An introduction to rhetorical communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
44. McCroskey, J. C. (1997). An introduction to rhetorical communication (7th ed.). Neeham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
45. McCroskey, J. C. (2006). Reliability and validity of the generalized attitude measure and the generalized belief measure. Communication Quarterly, 54, 265-274.
46. McCroskey, J. C., & Jenson, T. A. (1975). Image of mass media news sources. Journal of Broadcasting, 19, 169-180.
47. McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1989). Bipolar scales. In P. Emmert & L. L. Barker (Eds.), Measurement of communication behavior (pp. 154-167). White Plains, NY: Longman, Inc.
48. McCroskey, J. C., & Teven, J. J. (1999). Goodwill: A reexamination of the construct and its measurement. Communication Monographs, 66, 90-103.
49. McCroskey, J. C., & Young, T. J. (1981). Ethos and credibility: The construct and its measurement after three decades. Central States Speech Journal, 32, 24-34.
50. Mottet, T. P., Beebe, S. A., Raffeld, P. C., & Pausel, M. L. (2004). The effects of student verbal and nonverbal responses on teachers' liking of students and willingness to comply with student requests. Communication Quarterly, 52, 27-38.
51. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
52. Pirie, R. (2000). Ask an expert: Email etiquette e-mail effectiveness. CA Magazine, 133, 11.
53. Pogue, L., & Ahyun, K. (2006). The effect of teacher nonverbal immediacy and credibility on student motivation and affective learning. Communication Education, 55, 331-344.
54. Rains, S. A. (2005). What is in a name? Two studies examining the impact of anonymity on perceptions of source credibility and influence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
55. Roach, R. (1999). The higher education technology revolution. Black Issues in Higher Education, 16, 92-97.
56. Shelby, A. N. (1986). The theoretical bases of persuasion: A critical introduction. Journal of Business Communication, 23, 5-29.
57. Smith, M. F., & Hunt, J. M. (1987). Disconfirmation of expectations: A method for enhancing the effectiveness of customer communications. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 7, 9-20.
58. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
59. Tao, L., & Boulware, B. (2002). Email: Instructional potentials and learning opportunities. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 18, 285-288.
60. Tsui, A. S., & Barry, B. (1986). Interpersonal affect and rating errors. The Academy of Management Journal, 29, 586-599.
61. Waldvogal, J. (2007). Greetings and closings in workplace email. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 456-477.
62. Walther, J. P. (1995). Relational aspects of computer-mediated communication: Experimental observations over time. Organization Science, 6, 186-203.
63. Wilson, E. V. (2005). Persuasive effects of system features in computer-mediated communication. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 15, 161-184.
64. Witt, P. L., Wheeless, L. R., & Allen, M. (2004). A meta-analytical review of the relationship between teacher immediacy and student learning. Communication Monographs, 71, 184-207.
65. Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35,151175.