메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 277-311

Middle-school students' reasoning about alternative hypotheses in a scaffolded, software-based inquiry investigation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 70449392458     PISSN: 07370008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07370000903221718     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 0003926154 scopus 로고
    • American Association for the Advancement of Science, New York: Oxford University Press
    • American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1993) Benchmarks for Science Literacy
  • 2
    • 0036928362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of the conceptual inventory of natural selection
    • Anderson, D. L., Fisher, K. M., & Norman, G. J. (2002). Development and evaluation of the conceptual inventory of natural selection. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(10), 952-978.
    • (2002) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.39 , Issue.10 , pp. 952-978
    • Anderson, D.L.1    Fisher, K.M.2    Norman, G.J.3
  • 3
    • 1842564025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative approach to personal epistemology: A guiding model
    • Bendixen, L. D., & Rule, D. C. (2004). An integrative approach to personal epistemology: A guiding model. Educational Psychologist, 39(1), 69-80.
    • (2004) Educational Psychologist , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-80
    • Bendixen, L.D.1    Rule, D.C.2
  • 4
    • 84983979096 scopus 로고
    • Student conceptions of natural selection and evolution of living beings in secondary schools
    • Bishop, B. A., & Anderson, C. W. (1990). Student conceptions of natural selection and evolution of living beings in secondary schools. Journal of Research in Science Teaching (27), 415-427.
    • (1990) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , Issue.27 , pp. 415-427
    • Bishop, B.A.1    Anderson, C.W.2
  • 6
    • 0001048683 scopus 로고
    • Darwin's Finches (Geospiza) on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos: Breeding and feeding ecology in a climatically variable environment
    • Boag, P. T., & Grant, P. R. (1984). Darwin's Finches (Geospiza) on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos: Breeding and feeding ecology in a climatically variable environment. Ecological Monographs, 54(4), 463-489.
    • (1984) Ecological Monographs , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-489
    • Boag, P.T.1    Grant, P.R.2
  • 7
    • 0012099230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific reasoning: Developmental and individual differences
    • In F. E. Weinert & W. Schneider (Eds.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Bullock, M., & Ziegler, A. (1999). Scientific reasoning: Developmental and individual differences. In F. E. Weinert & W. Schneider (Eds.), Individual development from three to twelve: Findings from the Munich Longitudinal Study (pp. 38-54). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1999) Individual Development from Three to Twelve: Findings from the Munich Longitudinal Study , pp. 38-54
    • Bullock, M.1    Ziegler, A.2
  • 8
    • 84943232393 scopus 로고
    • An experiment is when you try it and see if it works: A study of grade 7 students' understanding of the construction of scientific knowledge
    • Carey, S., Evans, R., Honda, M., Jay, E., & Unger, C. (1989). An experiment is when you try it and see if it works: A study of grade 7 students' understanding of the construction of scientific knowledge. International Journal of Science Education, 11(5), 514-529.
    • (1989) International Journal of Science Education , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 514-529
    • Carey, S.1    Evans, R.2    Honda, M.3    Jay, E.4    Unger, C.5
  • 9
    • 21144478298 scopus 로고
    • On understanding the nature of scientific knowledge
    • Carey, S., & Smith, C. (1993). On understanding the nature of scientific knowledge. Educational Psychologist, 28(3), 235.
    • (1993) Educational Psychologist , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 235
    • Carey, S.1    Smith, C.2
  • 11
    • 0001544342 scopus 로고
    • The method of multiple working hypotheses
    • Chamberlain, T. C. (1890). The method of multiple working hypotheses. Science (old series), 15(92).
    • (1890) Science (Old Series) , vol.15 , Issue.92
    • Chamberlain, T.C.1
  • 12
    • 0036114988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epistemologically authentic inquiry in schools: A theoretical framework for evaluating inquiry tasks
    • Chinn, C. A., & Malhotra, B. A. (2002). Epistemologically authentic inquiry in schools: A theoretical framework for evaluating inquiry tasks. Science Education, 86, 175-218.
    • (2002) Science Education , vol.86 , pp. 175-218
    • Chinn, C.A.1    Malhotra, B.A.2
  • 13
    • 84963164715 scopus 로고
    • Epistemic forms and epistemic games: Structures and strategies to guide inquiry
    • Collins, A., & Ferguson, W. (1993). Epistemic forms and epistemic games: Structures and strategies to guide inquiry. Educational Psychologist, 28(1), 25-42.
    • (1993) Educational Psychologist , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-42
    • Collins, A.1    Ferguson, W.2
  • 14
    • 85014360795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donovan, M. S., & Bransford, J. D. (Eds.)., Washington, DC: The National Academies Press
    • Donovan, M. S., & Bransford, J. D. (Eds.). (2005). How students learn: Science in the classroom. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
    • (2005) How Students Learn: Science in the Classroom
  • 15
    • 0001145182 scopus 로고
    • Concept discovery in a scientific domain
    • Dunbar, K. (1993). Concept discovery in a scientific domain. Cognitive Science, 17, 397-434.
    • (1993) Cognitive Science , vol.17 , pp. 397-434
    • Dunbar, K.1
  • 16
    • 0001980677 scopus 로고
    • Developmental differences in scientific discovery processes
    • In D. Klahr & K. Kotovsky (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Dunbar, K., & Klahr, D. (1989). Developmental differences in scientific discovery processes. In D. Klahr & K. Kotovsky (Eds.), Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert A. Simon (pp. 109-143). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1989) Complex Information Processing: The Impact of Herbert A. Simon , pp. 109-143
    • Dunbar, K.1    Klahr, D.2
  • 17
    • 2942653155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and data interactions of the scientific mind: Evidence from the molecular and the cognitive laboratory
    • Fugelsang, J. A., Stein, C. B., Green, A. E., & Dunbar, K. N. (2004). Theory and data interactions of the scientific mind: Evidence from the molecular and the cognitive laboratory. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(2), 86-95.
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 86-95
    • Fugelsang, J.A.1    Stein, C.B.2    Green, A.E.3    Dunbar, K.N.4
  • 20
    • 1842616053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epistemological understanding as a metacognitive process: Thinking aloud during online searching
    • Hofer, B. K. (2004). Epistemological understanding as a metacognitive process: Thinking aloud during online searching. Educational Psychologist, 39(1), 43-55.
    • (2004) Educational Psychologist , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-55
    • Hofer, B.K.1
  • 21
    • 0035422410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the epistemological underpinnings of students' and scientists' reasoning about conclusions
    • Hogan, K., & Maglienti, M. (2001). Comparing the epistemological underpinnings of students' and scientists' reasoning about conclusions. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38(6), 663-687.
    • (2001) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 663-687
    • Hogan, K.1    Maglienti, M.2
  • 22
    • 0036683648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do middle school science programs measure up? Findings from Project 2061's curriculum review
    • Kesidou, S., & Roseman, J. E. (2002). How well do middle school science programs measure up? Findings from Project 2061's curriculum review. Journal of Research in ScienceTteaching, 39(6), 522-549.
    • (2002) Journal of Research in ScienceTteaching , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 522-549
    • Kesidou, S.1    Roseman, J.E.2
  • 23
    • 0036729785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of explicit and reflective versus implicit inquiry-oriented in struction on sixth graders' views of nature of science
    • Khishfe, R., & Abd-El Khalick, F. (2002). Influence of explicit and reflective versus implicit inquiry-oriented in struction on sixth graders' views of nature of science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(7), 551-578.
    • (2002) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 551-578
    • Khishfe, R.1    Abd-El, K.F.2
  • 25
    • 45549117138 scopus 로고
    • Dual Space search during scientific reasoning
    • Klahr, D., & Dunbar, K. (1988). Dual Space search during scientific reasoning. Cognitive Science, 12, 1-48.
    • (1988) Cognitive Science , vol.12 , pp. 1-48
    • Klahr, D.1    Dunbar, K.2
  • 26
    • 0027349948 scopus 로고
    • Heuristics for scientific experimentation: A developmental study
    • Klahr, D., Fay, A. L., & Dunbar, K. (1993). Heuristics for scientific experimentation: A developmental study. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 111-146.
    • (1993) Cognitive Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 111-146
    • Klahr, D.1    Fay, A.L.2    Dunbar, K.3
  • 27
    • 0001636453 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing
    • Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2), 211-228.
    • (1987) Psychological Review , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-228
    • Klayman, J.1    Ha, Y.-W.2
  • 28
    • 0003562607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and evidence: The development of scientific reasoning
    • Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • Koslowski, B. (1996). Theory and evidence: The development of scientific reasoning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (1996)
    • Koslowski, B.1
  • 30
    • 0024741323 scopus 로고
    • Children and adults as intuitive scientists
    • Kuhn, D. (1989). Children and adults as intuitive scientists. Psychological Review, 96, 674-689.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 674-689
    • Kuhn, D.1
  • 31
    • 0035222026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do people know?
    • Kuhn, D. (2001). How do people know? Psychological Science, 12(1), 1-8.
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Kuhn, D.1
  • 32
    • 0003768254 scopus 로고
    • The development of scientific thinking skills
    • San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Kuhn, D., Amsel, E., & O'Loughlin, M. (1988). The development of scientific thinking skills. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1988)
    • Kuhn, D.1    Amsel, E.2    O'loughlin, M.3
  • 33
    • 85018122941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature of science: Past, present, and future
    • In S. K. Abell & N. G. Lederman (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Lederman, N. G. (2007). Nature of science: Past, present, and future. In S. K. Abell & N. G. Lederman (Eds.), Handbook of research in science education (pp. 831-879). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2007) Handbook of Research in Science Education , pp. 831-879
    • Lederman, N.G.1
  • 34
    • 34848860541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific thinking and science literacy
    • In R. L. W. Damon, R. Lerner, K. A. Renninger, & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), 6th ed., Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons
    • Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2006). Scientific thinking and science literacy. In R. L. W. Damon, R. Lerner, K. A. Renninger, & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Child psychology in practice (6th ed., pp. 153-196). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
    • (2006) Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Child Psychology in practice , pp. 153-196
    • Lehrer, R.1    Schauble, L.2
  • 35
    • 57149138315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supporting development of the epistemology of inquiry
    • Lehrer, R., Schauble, L., & Lucas, D. (2008). Supporting development of the epistemology of inquiry. Cognitive Development, 23(4), 512-529
    • (2008) Cognitive Development , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 512-529
    • Lehrer, R.1    Schauble, L.2    Lucas, D.3
  • 36
    • 0039122743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing verbal data: Principles, methods and problems
    • In B. J. Fraser & K. Tobin (Eds.), Dordrecht: Kluwer
    • Lemke, J. L. (1998). Analysing verbal data: Principles, methods and problems. In B. J. Fraser & K. Tobin (Eds.), International handbook of science education (pp. 1175-1189). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
    • (1998) International Handbook of Science Education , pp. 1175-1189
    • Lemke, J.L.1
  • 37
    • 0345098628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology and science education: Starting points, research programs, and trends
    • Linn, M. C. (2003). Technology and science education: Starting points, research programs, and trends. International Journal of Science Education, 25(6), 727-758.
    • (2003) International Journal of Science Education , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 727-758
    • Linn, M.C.1
  • 38
    • 3042678675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's understanding of scientific inquiry: Their conceptualization of uncertainty in investigations of their own design
    • Metz, K. E. (2004). Children's understanding of scientific inquiry: Their conceptualization of uncertainty in investigations of their own design. Cognition and Instruction, 22(2), 219-290.
    • (2004) Cognition and Instruction , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 219-290
    • Metz, K.E.1
  • 39
    • 84987255038 scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis testing in students: Sequences, stages, and instructional strategies
    • Moshman, D., & Thompson, P. A. (1981). Hypothesis testing in students: Sequences, stages, and instructional strategies. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 18(4), 341-352.
    • (1981) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 341-352
    • Moshman, D.1    Thompson, P.A.2
  • 40
    • 70350243156 scopus 로고
    • Confirmation bias in a simulated research environment: An experimental study of scientific inference
    • In P. N. Johnson-Laird & P. C. Wason (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Mynatt, C. R., Doherty, M. E., & Tweney, R. D. (1977). Confirmation bias in a simulated research environment: An experimental study of scientific inference. In P. N. Johnson-Laird & P. C. Wason (Eds.), Thinking: Readings in cognitive science (pp. 315-325). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1977) Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science , pp. 315-325
    • Mynatt, C.R.1    Doherty, M.E.2    Tweney, R.D.3
  • 41
    • 0003608696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National science education standards
    • National Research Council, Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • (1996)
  • 43
    • 4043063651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity
    • Pea, R. D. (2004). The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 423-451.
    • (2004) The Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 423-451
    • Pea, R.D.1
  • 44
    • 6144253216 scopus 로고
    • Strong inference
    • Platt, J. (1964). Strong inference. Science, 196, 347-353.
    • (1964) Science , vol.196 , pp. 347-353
    • Platt, J.1
  • 46
    • 14644432406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward implementing distributed scaffolding: Helping students learn science from design
    • Puntambekar, S., & Kolodner, J. L. (2005). Toward implementing distributed scaffolding: Helping students learn science from design. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(2), 185-217.
    • (2005) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-217
    • Puntambekar, S.1    Kolodner, J.L.2
  • 49
    • 0038950723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of abilities in interpreting media reports of scientific research
    • Ratcliffe, M. (1999). Evaluation of abilities in interpreting media reports of scientific research. International Journal of Science Education, 21(10), 1085-1099.
    • (1999) International Journal of Science Education , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1085-1099
    • Ratcliffe, M.1
  • 50
    • 4043178469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaffolding complex learning: The mechanisms of structuring and problematizing student work
    • Reiser, B. J. (2004). Scaffolding complex learning: The mechanisms of structuring and problematizing student work. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 273-304.
    • (2004) The Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-304
    • Reiser, B.J.1
  • 52
    • 0042584694 scopus 로고
    • Appropriating scientific discourse: Findings from language minority classrooms
    • Rosebery, A., Warren, B., & Conant, F. (1992). Appropriating scientific discourse: Findings from language minority classrooms. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2, 61-94.
    • (1992) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.2 , pp. 61-94
    • Rosebery, A.1    Warren, B.2    Conant, F.3
  • 53
    • 84907695794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physics students' epistemologies and views about knowing and learning
    • Roth, W. M., & Roychoudhury, A. (2003). Physics students' epistemologies and views about knowing and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(S1), S144-159.
    • (2003) Journal of Research in Science Teaching , vol.40 , Issue.S1
    • Roth, W.M.1    Roychoudhury, A.2
  • 54
    • 2442611267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting experimental data: The views of upper secondary school and university science students
    • Ryder, J., & Leach, J. (2000). Interpreting experimental data: The views of upper secondary school and university science students. International Journal of Science Education, 22(10), 1069-1084.
    • (2000) International Journal of Science Education , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 1069-1084
    • Ryder, J.1    Leach, J.2
  • 55
    • 0037208190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual and epistemic aspects of students' scientific explanations
    • Sandoval, W. A. (2003). Conceptual and epistemic aspects of students' scientific explanations. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(1), 5-51.
    • (2003) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-51
    • Sandoval, W.A.1
  • 56
    • 25444515427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding students' practical epistemologies and their influence on learning through inquiry
    • Sandoval, W. A. (2005). Understanding students' practical epistemologies and their influence on learning through inquiry. Science Education, 89(4), 634-656.
    • (2005) Science Education , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 634-656
    • Sandoval, W.A.1
  • 57
    • 2442552763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explanation-driven inquiry: Integrating conceptual and epistemic scaffolds for scientific inquiry
    • Sandoval, W. A., & Reiser, B. J. (2004). Explanation-driven inquiry: Integrating conceptual and epistemic scaffolds for scientific inquiry. Science Education, 88, 345-372.
    • (2004) Science Education , vol.88 , pp. 345-372
    • Sandoval, W.A.1    Reiser, B.J.2
  • 58
    • 0000909644 scopus 로고
    • Students' understanding of the objectives and procedures of experimentation in the science classroom
    • Schauble, L., Glaser, R., Duschl, R. A., Schulze, S., & John, J. (1995). Students' understanding of the objectives and procedures of experimentation in the science classroom. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 4, 131-166.
    • (1995) The Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.4 , pp. 131-166
    • Schauble, L.1    Glaser, R.2    Duschl, R.A.3    Schulze, S.4    John, J.5
  • 59
    • 0000030647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sixth-grade students' epistemologies of science: The impact of school science experiences on epistemological development
    • Smith, C. L., Maclin, D., Houghton, C., & Hennessey, M. G. (2000). Sixth-grade students' epistemologies of science: The impact of school science experiences on epistemological development. Cognition and Instruction, 18(3), 349-422.
    • (2000) Cognition and Instruction , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-422
    • Smith, C.L.1    Maclin, D.2    Houghton, C.3    Hennessey, M.G.4
  • 60
    • 0001343078 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in feeding habits of Darwin's Ground Finches
    • Smith, J. N. M., Grant, P. R., Grant, B. R., Abbott, I. J., & Abbott, L. K. (1978). Seasonal variation in feeding habits of Darwin's Ground Finches. Ecology, 59(6), 1137-1150.
    • (1978) Ecology , vol.59 , Issue.6 , pp. 1137-1150
    • Smith, J.N.M.1    Grant, P.R.2    Grant, B.R.3    Abbott, I.J.4    Abbott, L.K.5
  • 61
    • 0000350051 scopus 로고
    • Young children's differentiation of hypothetical beliefs from evidence
    • Sodian, B., Zaitchik, D., & Carey, S. (1991). Young children's differentiation of hypothetical beliefs from evidence. Child Development, 62, 753-766.
    • (1991) Child Development , vol.62 , pp. 753-766
    • Sodian, B.1    Zaitchik, D.2    Carey, S.3
  • 64
    • 4043162787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy: A complement to emerging patterns of distributed scaffolding
    • Tabak, I. (2004). Synergy: A complement to emerging patterns of distributed scaffolding. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 305-355.
    • (2004) Journal of the Learning Sciences , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-355
    • Tabak, I.1
  • 65
    • 10844286203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The teacher as partner: Exploring participant structures, symmetry, and identity work in scaffolding
    • Tabak, I., & Baumgartner, E. (2004). The teacher as partner: Exploring participant structures, symmetry, and identity work in scaffolding. Cognition and Instruction, 22(4), 393-429.
    • (2004) Cognition and Instruction , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 393-429
    • Tabak, I.1    Baumgartner, E.2
  • 66
    • 84888937606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BGuILE: The Galapagos Finches-The struggle for survival [Computer software]
    • In J. R. Jungck (Ed.), San Diego, CA: Academic
    • Tabak, I., Reiser, B. J., Sandoval, W. A., Leone, T. J., & Steinmuller, F. (2001). BGuILE: The Galapagos Finches-The struggle for survival [Computer software]. In J. R. Jungck (Ed.), The BioQuest library VI. San Diego, CA: Academic.
    • (2001) The BioQuest library VI
    • Tabak, I.1    Reiser, B.J.2    Sandoval, W.A.3    Leone, T.J.4    Steinmuller, F.5
  • 67
    • 0002027854 scopus 로고
    • Sensible reasoning: A hypothesis about hypotheses
    • Tschirgi, J. E. (1980). Sensible reasoning: A hypothesis about hypotheses. Child Development, 51, 1-10.
    • (1980) Child Development , vol.51 , pp. 1-10
    • Tschirgi, J.E.1
  • 70
    • 1342345623 scopus 로고
    • On the failure to eliminate hypotheses. . .
    • A second look. In P. N. Johnson-Laird and P. C. Wason (Eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Wason, P. C. (1977). 'On the failure to eliminate hypotheses. . .'⊢ A second look. In P. N. Johnson-Laird and P. C. Wason (Eds.), Thinking: Readings in cognitive science (pp. 307-314). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1977) Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science , pp. 307-314
    • Wason, P.C.1
  • 71
    • 29344466881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific reasoning in young children: Introduction
    • Wilkening, F., & Sodian, B. (2005). Scientific reasoning in young children: Introduction. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 64(3),137-139.
    • (2005) Swiss Journal of Psychology , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 137-139
    • Wilkening, F.1    Sodian, B.2
  • 72
    • 0034346464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supporting the development of science inquiry skills with special classes of software
    • Windschitl, M. (2000). Supporting the development of science inquiry skills with special classes of software. Educational Technology Research and Development, 48(2), 81-95.
    • (2000) Educational Technology Research and Development , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-95
    • Windschitl, M.1
  • 75
    • 2142848496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaffolding preservice science teachers' evidence-based arguments during an investigation of natural selection
    • Zembal-Saul, C., Munford, D., Crawford, B., Friedrichsen, P., & Land, S. (2002). Scaffolding preservice science teachers' evidence-based arguments during an investigation of natural selection. Research in Science Education, 32, 437-463.
    • (2002) Research in Science Education , vol.32 , pp. 437-463
    • Zembal-Saul, C.1    Munford, D.2    Crawford, B.3    Friedrichsen, P.4    Land, S.5
  • 76
    • 34248184511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of scientific thinking in elementary and middle school
    • Zimmerman, C. (2007). The development of scientific thinking in elementary and middle school. Developmental Review,27,172-223.
    • (2007) Developmental Review , vol.27 , pp. 172-223
    • Zimmerman, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.