Drug Delivery and Medical Applications of Chemically Modified Hyaluronan

Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 333-357

  Avila, Luis Z ^a   Gianolio, Diego A ^a   Konowicz, Paul A ^a   Philbrook, Michael ^a   Santos, Michael R ^a   Miller, Robert J ^a  

^a GENZYME CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349992986     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-054816-6.00015-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (158)

1. K Meyer and JW Palmer (1934) The polysaccharide of the vitreous humor. J Biol Chem 107 629-634.
2. B Weissmann and K Meyer (1954) The structure of hyalobiuronic acid and of hyaluronic acid from umbilical cord. J Am Chem Soc 76 1753-1757.
3. DP Page-Thomas, D Bard, B King and JT Dingle (1987) Clearance of proteoglycan from joint cavities. Ann Rheum Dis 46 934-937.
4. L Lebel (1991) Clearance of hyaluronan from the circulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 7 221-235.
5. SG Owen, HW Francis and MS Roberts (1994) Disappearance kinetics of solutes from synovial fluid after intra-articular injection. Br J Clin Pharm 38 349-355.
6. K Lindenhayn, H.H. Heilmann H-H, T Niederhausen, H.U. Walther H-U and K Pohlenz (1997) Elimination of tritium-labeled hyaluronic acid from normal and osteoarthritic rabbit knee joints. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 35 355-363.
7. KN Antonas, JRE Fraser and KD Muirden (1973) Distribution of biologically labeled radioactive hyaluronic acid injected into joints. Ann Rheum Dis 32 103-111.
8. A Gomis, M Pawlak, EA Balazs, RF Schmidt and C Belmonte (2004) Effects of different molecular weight elastoviscous hyaluronan solutions on articular nociceptive afferents. Arthritis Rheum 50 314-326.
9. S Mori, M Naito and S Moriyama (2002) Highly viscous sodium hyaluronate and joint lubrication. Int Orthop 26 116-121.
10. N Bellamy, J Campbell, V Robinson, T Gee, R Bourne and G Wells (2006) Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2), CD005321
11. C Weiss (2002) Hyaluronan and hylan in the treatment of osteoarthritis. JF Kennedy, GO Phillips, PA Williams, VC Hascall (Eds) Hyaluronan Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing 467-481.
12. CT Wang, YT Lin, BL Chiang, YH Lin and SM Hou (2006) High molecular weight hyaluronic acid down-regulates the gene expression of osteoarthritis-associated cytokines and enzymes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with early osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14 1237-1247.
13. GA Homandberg, V Ummadi and H Kang (2003) High molecular weight hyaluronan promotes repair of IL-1 beta-damaged cartilage explants from both young and old bovines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 11 177-186.
14. AD Recklies, C White, L Melching and PJ Roughley (2001) Differential regulation and expression of hyaluronan synthases in human articular chondrocytes, synovial cells and osteosarcoma cells. Biochem J 354 17-24.
15. P Creamer (1999) Intra-articular corticosteroid treatment in osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 11 417-421.
16. S Coaccioli, F Pinoca and A Puxeddu (2006) Short-term efficacy of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint in a preliminary open pilot study. Clin Ter 157 321-325.
17. T List, A Tegelberg, T Haraldson and G Isacsson (2001) Intra-articular morphine as analgesic in temporomandibular joint arthralgia/osteoarthritis. Pain 94 275-282.
18. C.H. Kim C-H, B.J. Lee B-J, J Yoon, K.M. Seo K-M, J.H. Park J-H, J.W. Lee J-W, E.S. Choi E-S, J.J. Hong J-J, Y.S. Lee Y-S and J.H. Park J-H (2001) Therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid on experimental osteoarthrosis of ovine temporomandibular joint. J Vet Med Sci 63 1083-1089.
19. E Kubota, T Kubota, J Matsumoto, T Shibata and KI Murakami (1998) Synovial fluid cytokines and proteinases as markers of temporomandibular joint disease. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 56 192-198.
20. S Fuchs, T Erbe, H.L. Fischer H-L and CO Tibesku (2005) Intraarticular hyaluronic acid versus glucocorticoid injections for nonradicular pain in the lumbar spine. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16 1493-1498.
21. MPJ Van Den Bekerom, G Mylle, B Rys and M Mulier (2006) Viscosupplementation in symptomatic severe hip osteoarthritis: a review of the literature and report on 60 patients. Acta Orthop Belg 72 560-568.
22. E Qvistgaard, R Christensen, S Torp-Pedersen and H Bliddal (2006) Intra-articular treatment of hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial of hyaluronic acid, corticosteroid, and isotonic saline. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14 163-170.
23. MP Diamond (1998) Reduction of de novo postsurgical adhesions by intraoperative precoating with Sepracoat (HAL-C) solution: a prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled multicenter study. The Sepracoat Adhesion Study Group. Fertil Steril 69 1067-1074.
24. L Ballore, F Orru, F Nicolini, SA Contini, G Galletti and T Gherli (2000) Experimental results of the use of hyaluronic acid-based materials (CV Seprafilm and CV Sepracoat) in postoperative pericardial adhesions. Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense 71 159-166.
25. MM Ozmen, AK Aslar, MC Terzi, L Albayrak and M Berberoglu (2002) Prevention of adhesions by bioresorbable tissue barrier following laparoscopic intraabdominal mesh insertion. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 12 342-346.
26. M Van't Riet, PJ de Vos Van Steenwijk, F Bonthuis, RL Marquet, EW Steyerberg, J Jeekel and HJ Bonjer (2003) Prevention of adhesion to prosthetic mesh: comparison of different barriers using an incisional hernia model. Ann Surg 237 123-128.
27. C Delorenzi, M Weinberg, N Solish and A Swift (2006) A multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid in aesthetic facial contouring: interim report. Dermatol Surg 32 205-211.
28. NJ Lowe and R Grover (2006) Injectable hyaluronic acid implant for malar and mental enhancement. Dermatol Surg 32 881-885.
29. A Verpaele and A Strand (2006) Restylane SubQ, a non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel for soft tissue augmentation of the mid- and lower face. Aesthet Surg 26 S10-S17.
30. S Pollack (1999) Some new injectable dermal filler materials: hylaform, restylane, and artecoll. J Cutan Med Surg 3(Suppl. 4), S27-S35.
31. L Hallen, C Johansson and C Laurent (1999) Cross-linked hyaluronan (Hylan B gel): a new injectable remedy for treatment of vocal fold insufficiency—an animal study. Acta Otolaryngol 119 107-111.
32. A Carruthers, W Carey, C de Lorenzi, K Remington, D Schachter and S Sapra (2005) Randomized, double-blind comparison of the efficacy of two hyaluronic acid derivatives, restylane perlane and hylaform, in the treatment of nasolabial folds. Dermatol Surg 31 1591-1598.
33. F Manna, M Dentini, P Desideri, O de Pita, E Mortilla and B Maras (1999) Comparative chemical evaluation of two commercially available derivatives of hyaluronic acid (hylaform from rooster combs and restylane from streptococcus) used for soft tissue augmentation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 13 183-192.
34. GD Monheit (2007) Hyaluronic acid fillers: hylaform and captique. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 15 77-84.
35. C Bergeret-Galley, X Latouche and YG Illouz (2001) The value of a new filler material in corrective and cosmetic surgery: DermaLive and DermaDeep. Aesthetic Plast Surg 25 249-255.
36. RJ Miller and LZ Avila (2004) Medicinal uses of modified hyaluronate. HG Garg, CA Hales (Eds) Chemistry and Biology of Hyaluronan Amsterdam: Elsevier 505-528.
37. D Gianolio, M Philbrook, L Avila, L Young, H MacGregor, K Messier, J Kablik, K Greenawalt, L Young, A Shiedlin, R Kamath, P Dibenendetto, P Konowicz, T Butler, K Skinner, J Colt, R Corrazini, Q Yu, JW Burns, P Jarrett and RJ Miller (2006) Chemically modified hyaluronan and hylans. PMSE Preprints 94 29.
38. B Thierry, P Kujawa, C Tkaczyk, FM Winnik, L Bilodeau and M Tabrizian (2005) Delivery platform for hydrophobic drugs: prodrug approach combined with self-assembled multilayers. J Am Chem Soc 127 1626-1627.
39. GD Prestwich, DM Marecak, JF Marecek, KP Vercruysse and MR Ziebell (1998) Controlled chemical modification of hyaluronic acid: synthesis, applications, and biodegradation of hydrazide derivatives. J Control Release 53 93-103.
40. KP Vercruysse and GD Prestwich (1998) Hyaluronate derivatives in drug delivery. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Sys 15 513-555.
41. A Asari (2004) Medical application of hyaluronan. HG Garg, CA Hales (Eds) Chemistry and Biology of Hyaluronan Amsterdam: Elsevier 457-473.
42. XZ Shu and GD Prestwich (2004) Therapeutic biomaterials from chemically modified hyaluronan. HG Garg, CA Hales (Eds) Chemistry and Biology of Hyaluronan Amsterdam: Elsevier 475-504.
43. AV Kuehn, J.H. Ozegowski J-H, G Peschel and RHH Neubert (2004) Complementary exploration of the action pattern of hyaluronate lyase from Streptococcus agalactiae using capillary electrophoresis, gel-permeation chromatography and viscosimetric measurements. Carbohydr Res 339 2541-2547.
44. F Maccari, F Tripodi and N Volpi (2004) High-performance capillary electrophoresis separation of hyaluronan oligosaccharides produced by Streptomyces hyalurolyticus hyaluronate lyase. Carbohydr Polym 56 55-63.
45. D Ruhela, K Riviere and FC Szoka Jr (2006) Efficient synthesis of an aldehyde functionalized hyaluronic acid and its application in the preparation of hyaluronan-lipid conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 17 1360-1363.
46. V Crescenzi, A Francescangeli, D Renier and D Bellini (2002) New cross-linked and sulfated derivatives of partially deacetylated hyaluronan: synthesis and preliminary characterization. Biopolymers 64 86-94.
47. V Crescenzi, A Francescangeli, D Renier and D Bellini (2002) Hyaluronan linear and crosslinked derivatives as potential/actual biomaterials. JF Kennedy, GO Phillips, PA Williams, VC Hascall (Eds) Hyaluronan Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing 261-268.
48. DA Gianolio, M Philbrook, LZ Avila, H MacGregor, SX Duan, R Bernasconi, M Slavsky, S Dethlefsen, PK Jarrett and RJ Miller (2005) Synthesis and evaluation of hydrolyzable hyaluronan-tethered bupivacaine delivery systems. Bioconjug Chem 16 1512-1518.
49. X Jia, G Colombo, R Padera, R Langer and DS Kohane (2004) Prolongation of sciatic nerve blockade by in situ cross-linked hyaluronic acid. Biomaterials 25 4797-4804.
50. DA Gianolio, M Philbrook, LZ Avila, SX Duan, LE Young, A Shiedlin, RJ Miller and PK Jarret (2003) Hyaluronan-tethered drug depots: synthetic strategies and in-vitro release kinetics. The 30th Annual Meeting and Exposition of Controlled Release Society Poster 358
51. T Pouyani and GD Prestwich (1994) Functionalized derivatives of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides: drug carriers and novel biomaterials. Bioconjug Chem 5 339-347.
52. Y Luo and GD Prestwich (1999) Synthesis and selective cytotoxicity of a hyaluronic acid-antitumor bioconjugate. Bioconjug Chem 10 755-763.
53. Y Luo, MR Ziebell and GD Prestwich (2000) A hyaluronic acid-taxol antitumor bioconjugate targeted to cancer cells. Biomacromolecules 1 208-218.
54. A Rosato, A Banzato, G de Luca, D Renier, F Bettella, C Pagano, G Esposito, P Zanovello and P Bassi (2006) HYTAD1-p20: a new paclitaxel-hyaluronic acid hydrosoluble bioconjugate for treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 24 207-215.
55. F Leonelli, A LaBella, A Francescangeli, R Joudioux, AL Capodilupo, M Quagliariello, LM Migneco, RM Bettolo, V Crescenzi, G de Luca and D Renier (2005) A new and simply available class of hydrosoluble bioconjugates by coupling paclitaxel to hyaluronic acid through a 4-hydroxybutanoic acid derived linker. Helv Chim Acta 88 154-159.
56. L Melendez-Alafort, M Riondato, A Nadali, A Banzato, D Camporese, P Boccaccio, N Uzunov, A Rosato and U Mazzi (2006) Bioavailability of 99mTc-HA-paclitaxel complex [99mTc-ONCOFID-P] in mice using four different administration routes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 49 939-950.
57. H Li, YC Liu, XZ Shu, SD Gray and GD Prestwich (2004) Synthesis and biological evaluation of a cross-linked hyaluronan-mitomycin C hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 5 895-902.
58. YC Liu, H Li, XZ Shu, SD Gray and GD Prestwich (2005) Crosslinked hyaluronan hydrogels containing mitomycin C reduce postoperative abdominal adhesions. Fertil Steril 83 1275-1283.
59. Y Luo, NJ Bernshaw, Z.R. Lu Z-R, J Kopecek and GD Prestwich (2002) Targeted delivery of doxorubicin by HPMA copolymer-hyaluronan bioconjugates. Pharm Res 19 396-402.
60. C Di Meo, D Capitani, L Mannina, E Brancaleoni, D Galesso, G de Luca and V Crescenzi (2002) Synthesis and NMR characterization of new hyaluronan-based NO donors. Biomacromolecules 7 1253-1260.
61. B Thierry, FM Winnik, Y Merhi, J Silver and M Tabrizian (2004) Radionuclides-hyaluronan-conjugate thromboresistant coatings to prevent in-stent restenosis. Biomaterials 25 3895-3905.
62. C Di Meo, L Panza, D Capitani, L Mannina, A Banzato, M Rondina, D Renier, A Rosato and V Crescenzi (2007) Hyaluronan as carrier of carboranes for tumor targeting in boron neutron capture therapy. Biomacromolecules 8 552-559.
63. S Gouin and FM Winnik (2001) Quantitative assays of the amount of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugated to water-soluble polymers using isothermal titration calorimetry and colorimetry. Bioconjug Chem 12 372-377.
64. B Thierry, S Faghihi, L Torab, GB Pike and M Tabrizian (2005) Magnetic resonance signal-enhancing self-assembled coating for endovascular devices. Adv Mater (Weinheim, Germany) 17 826-830.
65. XZ Shu, Y Liu, Y Luo, MC Roberts and GD Prestwich (2002) Disulfide cross-linked hyaluronan hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 3 1304-1311.
66. A Maruyama and Y Takei (2001) Synthesis of polyampholyte comb-type copolymers consisting of poly(L-lysine) backbone and hyaluronic acid side chains for DNA carrier. Methods Mol Med 65 1-9.
67. Y Takei, K Ikejima, N Enomoto, A Maruyama and N Sato (2005) Genetic manipulation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine 13 129-134.
68. Y Takei, A Maruyama, A Ferdous, Y Nishimura, S Kawano, K Ikejima, S Okumura, S Asayama, M Nogawa, M Hashimoto, Y Makino, M Kinoshita, S Watanabe, T Akaike, JJ Lemasters and N Sato (2004) Targeted gene delivery to sinusoidal endothelial cells: DNA nanoassociate bearing hyaluronan-glycocalyx. FASEB J 18 699-701.
69. Y Takei, A Maruyama, A Ferdous, K Ikejima, N Enomoto, T Kitamura, Y Nishimura, S Asayama, M Nogawa, T Akaike, JJ Lemasters and N Sato (2001) Genetic manipulation of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Cells Hepatic Sinusoid 8 142-143.
70. M Nogawa, S Asayama, T Akaike, Y Takei and A Maruyama (1999) Comb-type copolymer consisting of a poly(L-lysine) backbone and hyaluronic acid side chains for a cell specific gene carrier. Proc Int Symp Controlled Release Bioactive Mater 26 821-822.
71. DB Pike, S Cai, KR Pomraning, MA Firpo, RJ Fisher, XZ Shu, GD Prestwich and RA Peattie (2006) Heparin-regulated release of growth factors in vitro and angiogenic response in vivo to implanted hyaluronan hydrogels containing VEGF and bFGF. Biomaterials 27 5242-5251.
72. NK Sharma and K Levon (2004) Synthesis and characterization of bioconjugates of natural polymers and peptides for the detection of bacterial spores. Polym Prepr (Am Chem Soc, Div Polym Chem) 45 430-431.
73. XZ Shu, K Ghosh, Y Liu, FS Palumbo, Y Luo, RA Clark and GD Prestwich (2004) Attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on an RGD peptide-modified injectable hyaluronan hydrogel. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 68A 365-375.
74. JB Leach and CE Schmidt (2004) Characterization of protein release from photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid-polyethylene glycol hydrogel tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomaterials 26 125-135.
75. SK Hahn, S Jelacic, RV Maier, PS Stayton and AS Hoffman (2004) Anti-inflammatory drug delivery from hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Biomater Sci, Polym Ed 15 1111-1119.
76. WM Tian, CL Zhang, SP Hou, X Yu, FZ Cui, QY Xu, SL Sheng, H Cui and HD Li (2005) Hyaluronic acid hydrogel as Nogo-66 receptor antibody delivery system for the repairing of injured rat brain: in vitro. J Control Release 102 13-22.
77. S Hou, W Tian, Q Xu, F Cui, J Zhang, Q Lu and C Zhao (2006) The enhancement of cell adherence and inducement of neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia co-cultured with hyaluronic acid hydrogels modified with Nogo-66 receptor antagonist in vitro. Neuroscience (San Diego, CA, United States) 137 519-529.
78. BA Yard, S Yedgar, M Scheele, D van Der Woude, G Beck, B Heidrich, M Krimsky, FJ van Der Woude and S Post (2002) Modulation of IFN-g-induced immunogenicity by phosphatidylethanolamine-linked hyaluronic acid. Transplantation 73 984-992.
79. K Ghosh, X.D. Ren X-D, XZ Shu, GD Prestwich and RAF Clark (2006) Fibronectin functional domains coupled to hyaluronan stimulate adult human dermal fibroblast responses critical for wound healing. Tissue Eng 12 601-613.
80. W Kuhn and H Schinz (1952) Lavandulic acid and its transformation products. Helv Chim Acta 35 2008-2015.
81. L.S. Liu L-S, C.K. Ng C-K, AY Thompson, JW Poser and RC Spiro (2002) Hyaluronate-heparin conjugate gels for the delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). J Biomed Mater Res 62 128-135.
82. A Oohira, Y Kushima, Y Tokita, N Sugiura, K Sakurai, S Suzuki and K Kimata (2000) Effects of lipid-derivatized glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a novel probe for functional analyses of GAGs, on cell-to-substratum adhesion and neurite elongation in primary cultures of fetal rat hippocampal neurons. Arch Biochem Biophys 378 78-83.
83. S Ohya, Y Nakayama and T Matsuda (2001) Thermoresponsive artificial extracellular matrix for tissue engineering: hyaluronic acid bioconjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafts. Biomacromolecules 2 856-863.
84. J Trudel and SP Massia (2002) Assessment of the cytotoxicity of photocrosslinked dextran and hyaluronan-based hydrogels to vascular smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 23 3299-3307.
85. V Crescenzi, M Tomasi and A Francescangeli (2000) New routes to hyaluronan-based networks and supramolecular assemblies. G Abatangelo, PH Weigel (Eds) New Frontiers in Medical Sciences: Redefining Hyaluronan Amsterdam: Elsevier 173-180.
86. V Crescenzi, A Francescangeli, D Capitani, L Mannina, D Renier and D Bellini (2003) Hyaluronan networking via Ugi's condensation using lysine as cross-linker diamine. Carbohydr Polym 53 311-316.
87. D Renier, P Bellato, D Bellini, A Pavesio, D Pressato and A Borrione (2005) Pharmacokinetic behaviour of ACP gel, an autocrosslinked hyaluronan derivative, after intraperitoneal administration. Biomaterials 26 5368-5374.
88. W Wang (2006) A novel hydrogel crosslinked hyaluronan with glycol chitosan. J Mater Sci Mater Med 17 1259-1265.
89. J Gajewiak, S Cai, XZ Shu and GD Prestwich (2006) Aminooxy pluronics: synthesis and preparation of glycosaminoglycan adducts. Biomacromolecules 7 1781-1789.
90. E Monceviciūte-Eringiene (2005) Neoplastic growth: the consequence of evolutionary malignant resistance to chronic damage for survival of cells (review of a new theory of the origin of cancer). Med Hypotheses 65 595-604.
91. AT Fojo and M Menefee (2005) Microtubule targeting agents: basic mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR). Semin Oncol 32 S3-S8.
92. T Fojo and S Bates (2003) Strategies for reversing drug resistance. Oncogene 22 7512-7523.
93. B Tan, D Piwnica-Worms and L Ratner (2000) Multidrug resistance transporters and modulation. Curr Opin Oncol 12 450-458.
94. D Lautier, Y Canitrot, RG Deeley and SP Cole (1996) Multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene. Biochem Pharmacol 52 967-977.
95. JA Rafferty, I Hickson, N Chinnasamy, LS Lashford, GP Margison, TM Dexter and LJ Fairbairn (1996) Chemoprotection of normal tissues by transfer of drug resistance genes. Cancer Metastasis Rev 15 365-383.
96. J Stewart and NT Gorman (1991) Multi-drug resistance genes in the management of neoplastic disease. J Vet Intern Med 5 239-247.
97. T Tsuruo (1990) Multidrug resistance: a transport system of antitumor agents and xenobiotics. Princess Takamatsu Symp 21 241-251.
98. Brown T, Fox R. Patent WO 0205852
99. DS Yin, ZQ Ge, WY Yang, CX Liu and YJ Yuan (2006) Inhibition of tumor metastasis in vivo by combination of paclitaxel and hyaluronic acid. Cancer Lett 243 71-79.
100. AC Erickson and MH Barcellos-Hoff (2003) The not-so innocent bystander: the microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 7 71-88.
101. M Slevin, J Krupinski, J Gaffney, S Matou, D West, H Delisser, RC Savani and S Kumar (2007) Hyaluronan-mediated angiogenesis in vascular disease: uncovering RHAMM and CD44 receptor signaling pathways. Matrix Biol 26 58-68.
102. D Peer and R Margalit (2004) Tumor-targeted hyaluronan nanoliposomes increase the antitumor activity of liposomal doxorubicin in syngeneic and human xenograft mouse tumor models. Neoplasia 6 343-353.
103. D Peer and R Margalit (2004) Loading mitomycin C inside long circulating hyaluronan targeted nano-liposomes increases its antitumor activity in three mice tumor models. Int J Cancer 108 780-789.
104. RE Eliaz and FC Szoka Jr. (2001) Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin targeted to CD44: a strategy to kill CD44-overexpressing tumor cells. Cancer Res 61 2592-2601.
105. G Cevc (1997) Drug delivery across the skin. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 6 1887-1937.
106. D Pirard, P Vereecken, C Melot and M Heenen (2005) Three percent diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses: a meta-analysis of the recent studies. Arch Dermatol Res 297 185-189.
107. JK Rivers (2004) Topical 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Skin Therapy Lett 9 1-3.
108. JK Rivers and DI Mclean (1997) An open study to assess the efficacy and safety of topical 3% diclofenac in a 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Arch Dermatol 133 1239-1242.
109. B Jarvis and DP Figgitt (2003) Topical 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel: a review of its use in patients with actinic keratoses. Am J Clin Dermatol 4 203-213.
110. JE Wolf, JR Taylor, E Tschen and S Kang (2001) Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses. Int J Dermatol 40 709-713.
111. DC Peters and RH Foster (1999) Diclofenac/hyaluronic acid. Drugs Aging 14 313-319.
112. AR Moore and DA Willoughby (1995) Hyaluronan as a drug delivery system for diclofenac: a hypothesis for mode of action. Int J Tissue React 17 153-156.
113. MP Seed, JR Brown, CN Freemantle, JL Papworth, PR Colville-Nash, D Willis, KW Somerville, S Asculai and DA Willoughby (1997) The inhibition of colon-26 adenocarcinoma development and angiogenesis by topical diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan. Cancer Res 57 1625-1629.
114. C Freemantle, CA Alam, JR Brown, MP Seed and DA Willoughby (1995) The modulation of granulomatous tissue and tumour angiogenesis by diclofenac in combination with hyaluronan (HYAL EX-0001). Int J Tissue React 17 157-166.
115. MP Seed, CN Freemantle, CAS Alam, PR Colville-Nash, JR Brown, JL Papworth, KW Somerville and DA Willoughby (1997) Apoptosis induction and inhibition of colon-26 tumor growth and angiogenesis: findings on COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors in vitro & in vivo and topical diclofenac in hyaluronan. Adv Exp Med Biol 433 339-342.
116. MB Brown, M Hanpanitcharoen and GP Martin (2001) An in vitro investigation into the effect of glycosaminoglycans on the skin partitioning and deposition of NSAIDs. Int J Pharm 225 113-121.
117. MF Mccarty (1996) Glucosamine for wound healing. Med Hypotheses 47 273-275.
118. P Taddeucci, E Pianigiani, V Colletta, F Torasso, L Andreassi and A Andreassi (2004) An evaluation of Hyalofill-F plus compression bandaging in the treatment of chronic venous ulcers. J Wound Care 13 202-204.
119. JR Vazquez, B Short, AH Findlow, BP Nixon, AJ Boulton and DG Armstrong (2003) Outcomes of hyaluronan therapy in diabetic foot wounds. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 59 123-127.
120. C Caravaggi, R de Giglio, C Pritelli, M Sommaria, S Dalla Noce, E Faglia, M Mantero, G Clerici, P Fratino, L Dalla Paola, G Mariani, R Mingardi and A Morabito (2003) HYAFF 11-based autologous dermal and epidermal grafts in the treatment of noninfected diabetic plantar and dorsal foot ulcers: a prospective, multicenter, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care 26 2853-2859.
121. V Falanga, P Carson, A Greenberg, A Hasan, E Nichols and J McPherson (1996) Topically applied recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of venous ulcers. Dermatol Surg 22 643-644.
122. JW Burns, K Skinner, J Colt, A Sheidlin, R Bronson, Y Yaacobi and EP Goldberg (1995) Prevention of tissue injury and postsurgical adhesions by precoating tissues with hyaluronic acid solutions. J Surg Res 59 644-652.
123. JW Burns, K Skinner, MJ Colt, L Burgess, R Rose and MP Diamond (1996) A hyaluronate-based gel for the prevention of postsurgical adhesions: evaluation in two animal species. Fertil Steril 66 814-821.
124. G Esposito, G Gravante, V Filingeri, D Delogu and A Montone (2007) Use of hyaluronan dressings following dermabrasion avoids escharectomy and facilitates healing in pediatric burn patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 119 2346-2347.
125. DL Cass, M Meuli and NS Adzick (1997) Scar wars: implications of fetal wound healing for the pediatric burn patient. Pediatr Surg Int 12 484-489.
126. JH Chung, HJ Kim, P Fagerholmb and BC Cho (1996) Effect of topically applied Na-hyaluronan on experimental corneal alkali wound healing. Korean J Ophthalmol 10 68-75.
127. M Costagliola and M Agrosì (2005) Second-degree burns: a comparative, multicenter, randomized trial of hyaluronic acid plus silver sulfadiazine vs. silver sulfadiazine alone. Curr Med Res Opin 21 1235-1240.
128. J Frankova, L Kubala, V Velebny, M Ciz and A Lojek (2006) The effect of hyaluronan combined with KI3 complex (Hyiodine wound dressing) on keratinocytes and immune cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med 17 891-898.
129. H Fam, J Bryant and M Kontopoulou (2007) Rheological properties of synovial fluids. Biorheology 44 59-74.
130. P Ghosh and D Guidolin (2002) Potential mechanism of action of intra-articular hyaluronan in osteoarthritis: are its effects molecular weight dependant? Semin Arthritis Rheum 32 10-37.
131. R Sierra, R Trousdale and M Pagnano (2003) Above-the-knee amputation after a total knee replacement: prevalence, etiology, and functional outcome. J Bone Joint Surg 85 1000-1004.
132. A Heijink, M Yaszemski, R Patel, M Rouse, D Lewallen and A Hanssen (2006) Local antibiotic delivery with OsteoSet, DBX, and Collagraft. Clin Orthop Rel Res 451.
133. H Matsuno, K Yudoh, M Hashimoto, Y Himeda, T Miyoshi, K Yoshida and S Kano (2006) Antibiotic-containing hyaluronic acid gel as an antibacterial carrier: usefulness of sponge and film-formed HA gel in deep infection. J Orthop Res 24 321-326.
134. H Matsuno, K Yudoh, M Hashimoto, Y Himeda, T Miyoshi, K Yoshida and S Kano (2006) A new antibacterial carrier of hyaluronic acid gel. J Orthop Sci 11 497-504.
135. H Fan, Y Hu, X Li, H Wu, R Lv, J Bai, J Wang, L Qin, H Fan, Y Hu, X Li, H Wu, R Lv, J Bai, J Wang and L Qin (2006) Ectopic cartilage formation induced by mesenchymal stem cells on porous gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold containing microspheres loaded with TGF-beta1. Int J Artif Organs 29 602-611.
136. T Yamazaki, J Tamura, T Nakamura, Y Tabata and Y Matsusue (2004) Repair of full-thickness defects in rabbit articular cartilage using bFGF and hyaluronan sponge. Key Eng Mater 254–256 1099-1102.
137. C Ng, R Daverman, A Merck, A Thompson, L Liu, J Pohl, M Heidaran and R Spiro (2002) Induction of chondro- and osteo-genesis by implanted collagen-hyaluronan biomatrix with GDF-5. JF Kennedy, GO Phillips, PA Williams, VC Hascall (Eds) Hyaluronan Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing 109-112.
138. S Berven, BK Tay, FS Kleinstueck and DS Bradford (2001) Clinical applications of bone substitutes in spine surgery: consideration of mineralized and demineralized preparations and growth factor supplementation. Eur Spine J 10 S169-S177.
139. M Bolander and G Balain (1986) The use of demineralized bone matrix in the repair of segmental defects: augmentation with extracted matrix proteins and a comparison with autologous grafts. J Bone Joint Surg 68 1264-1274.
140. T Einhorn, J Lane and A Burstein (1984) The healing of segmental bone defects induced by demineralized bone matrix: a radiographic and biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66 274-279.
141. D Oakes, C Lee and J Lieberman (2003) An evaluation of human demineralized bone matrices in a rat femoral defect model. Clin Orthop 413 281-290.
142. A Rabie, Y Deng, N Samman and U Hagg (1996) The effect of demineralized bone matrix on the healing of intramembranous bone grafts in rabbit skull defects. J Dent Res 75 1045-1051.
143. W Shen, K Chung and G Wang (1993) Demineralized bone matrix in the stabilization of porous-coated implants in bone defects in rabbits. Clin Orthop 293 346-352.
144. AA Gertzman and MH Sunwoo (2001) A pilot study evaluating sodium hyaluronate as a carrier for freeze-dried demineralized bone powder. Cell Tiss Bank 2 87-94.
145. C Colnot, D Romero, S Huang and J Helms (2005) Mechanisms of action of demineralized bone matrix in the repair of cortical bone defects. Clin Orthop Relat Res 435 69-78.
146. A Yee, H Bae and D Friess (2003) Augmentation of rabbit posterolateral spondylodesis using a novel demineralized bone matrix-hyaluronan putty. Spine 28 2435-2440.
147. J Kim, I Kim, T Cho, K Lee, S Hwang, G Tae, I Noh, S Lee, Y Park and K Sun (2007) Bone regeneration using hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel with bone morphogenic protein-2 and human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 28 1830-1837.
148. H Ellis (1971) The cause and prevention of post operative intraperitoneal adhesions. Surg Gynecol Obstet 133 497-511.
149. M.A. Wiebel M-A and G Majno (1973) Peritoneal adhesions and their relation to abdominal surgery. Am J Surg 126 345-353.
150. G Di Zerega (1993) The cause and prevention of postsurgical adhesions: a contemporary update. Prog Clin Biol Res 381 1-18.
151. G Di Zerega (1994) Contemporary adhesion prevention. Fertil Steril 61 219-235.
152. A Dobell and A Jain (1984) Catastrophic hemorrhage during redo sternotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 37 273-278.
153. J Burns, M Colt, L Burgess and K Skinner (1997) Preclinical evaluation of Seprafilm™ Bioresorbable membrane. Eur J Surg Suppl 577 40-48.
154. J Becker, M Dayton, V Fazio, D Beck, S Stryker, S Wexner, B Wolff, P Roberts, L Smith, S Sweeney and M Moore (1996) Prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions by a sodium hyaluronate-based bioresorbable membrane: a prospective randomized, double-blind multicentre study. J Am Coll Surg 183 297-306.
155. H Burt, J Jackson, S Bains, R Liggins, A Oktaba, A Arsenault and W Hunter (1995) Controlled delivery of taxol from microspheres composed of a blend of ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer and poly(d,l-lactic acid). Cancer Lett 88 73-79.
156. E Rowinsky, L Cazenave and R Donehower (1990) Review: taxol: a novel investigational antimicrotubule agent. J Natl Cancer Inst 82 1247-1259.
157. JK Jackson, KC Skinner, L Burgess, T Sun, WL Hunter and HM Burt (2002) Paclitaxel-loaded crosslinked hyaluronic acid films for the prevention of postsurgical adhesions. Pharm Res 19 411-417.
158. J Cashman, H Burt, C Springate, J Gleave and J Jackson (2004) Camptothecin-loaded films for the prevention of postsurgical adhesions. Inflamm Res 53 355-362.