Effectiveness of corporate well-being programs: A meta-analysis

Journal of Macromarketing

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 279-302

  Keller, Punam Anand ^a   Lehmann, Donald R ^b   Milligan, Katherine J ^a  

^a DARTMOUTH COLLEGE   (United States)

^b Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Corporate well being programs; Health promotion; Marketing approaches; Meta analysis; QOL; Tailoring

Indexed keywords

EID: 70349173752     PISSN: 02761467     EISSN: 15526534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0276146709337242     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Ai, Xihong. 2007. Working toward wellness. Report from the World Economic Forum.
2. Albarracín, D., Johnson, B.T., Fishbein, M., & Muellerleile, P. A. (2001). Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 27, 142-161.
3. Aldana, S. G. 2001. Financial impace of health promotion programs: A comprehensive review of the literature. American Journal of Health Promotion 15:296-320.
4. Aldana, S. G., B. H. Jacobson, C. J. Harris, P. L. Kelley, and W. J. Stone. 1993. Influence of a Mobile Worksite Health Promotion Program on health care costs. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 9:378-83.
5. Aldana, S. G., R. M. Merrill, K. Price, A. Hardy, and R. Hager. 2004. Financial impact of a comprehensive multisite workplace health promotion program. Preventive Medicine 40:131-37.
6. Anderzen, I., and B. B. Arnetz. 2005. The impact of a prospective survey-based workplace intervention program on employee health, biologic stress markers, and organizational productivity. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 47:671-82.
7. Baun, W. B., E. J. Bernacki, and S. P. Tsai. 1986. A preliminary investigation: Effect of a corporate fitness program on absenteeism and health care cost. Journal of Occupational Medicine 28:18-22.
8. Bertera, R. L. 1990. The effects of workplace health promotion on absenteeism and employment costs in a large industrial population. American Journal of Public Health 80:1101-5.
9. Bertera, R. L. 1993. Behavioral risk factor and illness day changes with workplace health promotion: Two-year results. American Journal of Health Promotion 7:365-73.
10. Blair, S. N., M. Smith, T. R. Collilngwood, R. Reynolds, M. C. Prentice, and C. L. Sterling. 1986. Health promotion for educators: Impact on absenteeism. Preventative Medicine 15:166-75.
11. Bly, J. L., R. C. Jones, and J. E. Richardson. 1986. Impact of worksite health promotion on health care costs and utilization. Journal of the American Medical Association 256:3235-40.
12. Bowne, D. W., M. L. Russell, J. L. Morgan, S. A. Optenberg, and A. E. Clarke. 1984. Reduced disability and health care costs in an industrial fitness program. Journal of Occupational Medicine 26:809-16.
13. Cady, L. D., P. C. Thomas, and R. J. Karwasky. 1985. Program for increasing health and physical fitness of fire fighters. Journal of Occupational Medicine 27:110-4.
14. Chapman, L. S. 2003. Meta-evaluation of worksite health promotion economic return studies. The Art of Health Promotion 6:1-10.
15. Chapman, L. S. 2005. Meta-evaluation of worksite health promotion economic return studies: 2005 update. American Journal of Health Promotion 19:1-10.
16. Chapman, L. S. 2007. Proof positive: An Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of worksite wellness. Seattle: Chapman Institute.
17. Conrad, K. M., J. E. Riedel, and J. O. Gibbs. 1990. Effect of worksite health promotion programs on employee absenteeism: A comparative analysis. AAOHN Journal 38:573-80.
18. Dalton, B. A., and J. S. Harris. 1991. A comprehensive approach to corporate health management. Journal of Occupational Medicine 33:338-47.
19. Erfurt, J. C., A. Foote, and M. A. Heirich. 1991. The cost-effectiveness of worksite wellness programs for hypertension control, weight loss, and smoking cessation. Journal of Occupational Medicine 33:962-70.
20. Fries, J. F., and D. McShane. 1998. Reducing need and demand for medical serivces in high-risk persons: A health education approach. WJM 169:201-7.
21. Fries, J. F., D. A. Bloch, H. Harrington, N. Richardson, and R. Beck. 1993. Two-year results of a randomized controlled trial of a health promotion program in a retiree population: The bank of America study. The American Journal of Medicine 94:455-62.
22. Fries, J. F., H. Harrington, R. Edwards, L. A. Kent, and N. Richardson. 1994. Randomized controlled trial of cost reductions from a health education program: The California Public Employees' Retiresment System (PERS) Study. American Journal of Health Promotion 8:216-23.
23. Gibbs, J. O., D. Muvaney, C. Henes, and R. W. Reed. 1985. WorkSite health promotion: Five-year trend in employee health care costs. Journal of Occupational Medicine 27:826-30.
24. Goetzel, R. Z., R. L. Dunn, R. J. Ozminkowski, K. Satin, D. Whitehead, and K. Cahill. 1998. Differences between descriptive and multivariate estimates of the impace of chevron corporation's health quest program on medical expenditures. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 40:538-45.
25. Goetzel, R. Z., B. H. Jacobson, S. G. Aldana, K. Vardell, and L. Yee. 1998. Health care costs of worksite health promotion participants and non-participants. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 40:341-6.
26. Goetzel, R. Z., R. J. Ozminkowski, J. A. Bruno, K. R. Rutter, F. Isaac, and S. Wang. 2002. The long-term impact of johnson & johnson's health & wellness program on employee health risks. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44:417-24.
27. Golaszewski, T. 2001. Shining lights: Studies that have most influenced the understanding of health promotion's financial impact. American Journal of Health Promotion 15:332-40.
28. Golaszewski, T., D. Snow, W. Lynch, L. Yen, and D. Solomita. 1992. A benefit-to-cost analysis of a work-site health promotion program. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 34:1164-72.
29. Hall-Barrow, J., L. C. Hodges, and P. Brown. 2001. A collaborative model for employee health and nursing education. AAOHN Journal 49:429-36.
30. Harvey, M. R., R. W. Whitmer, J. C. Hilyer, and K. C. Brown. 1993. the impact of a comprehensive medical benefit cost management program for the City of Birmingham: Results at five years. American Journal of Health Promotion 7:296-304.
31. Henritze, J., and H. Brammell. 1989. Phase II cardiac wellness at the adolph coors company. American Journal of Health Promotion 4:25-31.
32. Hodges, L. C., T. S. Harper, J. Hall-Barrow, and I. D. Tatom. 2004. Reducing overall health care costs for a city municipality. AAOHN Journal 52:247-53.
33. Jeffery, R. W., J. L. Forster, B. V. Dunn, S. A. French, P. G. McGovern, and H. A. Lando. 1993. Effects of work-site health promotion on illness-related absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 35:1142-5.
34. Jones, R. C., J. L. Bly, and J. E. Richardson. 1990. A study of a work site health promotion program and absenteeism. Journal of Occupational Medicine 32:95-9.
35. Keller, P. A., and D. R. Lehmann. 2008. Designing effective health communications: A meta-analysis. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 27:117-30.
36. Knight, K. K., R. Z. Goetzel, J. E. Fielding, M. Eisen, G. W. Jackson, and T. Y. Kahr. G. M. Kenny, S. W. Wade, and S. Duann, 1994. An evaluation of duke university's LIVE FOR LIFE Health Promotion Program on changes in worker absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 36:533-6.
37. Layton, R. A. 2007. Marketing systems-A core macromarketing concept. Journal of Macromarketing 27:227-42.
38. Layton, R. A., & Grossbart, S. 2006. Macromarketing: Past, present, and possible future. Journal of Macromarketing, 26, 193-213.
39. Lechner, L., H. de Vries, S. Adriaansen, and L. Drabbels. 1997. Effects of an employee fitness program on reduced absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 39:827-31.
40. Leigh, J. P., N. Richardson, R. Beck, C. Kerr, H. Harrington, C. L. Parcell, and J. F. Fries, 1993. Randomized controlled study of a retiree health promotion program: The bank of America study. Archives of Internal Medicine 152:1201-6.
41. Lemieux, J., and L. McAlister. 2005. Handling missing values in marketing data: A comparison of techniques. MSI Reports 2:41-60.
42. Lorig, K., R. G. Kraines, B. W. Brown, and N. Richardson. 1985. A workplace health education program that reduces outpatient visits. Medical Care 23:1044-54.
43. Lynch, W. D., T. J. Golaszewski, A. F. Clearie, D. Snow, and D. M. Vickery. 1990. Impact of a facility-based corporate fitness program on the number of absences from work due to illness. Journal of Occupational Medicine 32:9-12.
44. Maes, S., C. Verhoeven, F. Kittel, and H. Scholten. 1998. Effects of a dutch work-site wellness-health program: The Brabantia project. American Journal of Public Health 88:1037-41.
45. Malhotra, N.K. 2006. Consumer well-being and quality of life: An assessment and directions for future research. Journal of Macromarketing 26:77-80.
46. Maniscalco, P., R. Lane, M. Welke, J. H. Mitchell, and Husting, L. 1999. Decreased rate of back injuries through a wellness program for offshore petroleum employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 41:813-20.
47. Mittelstaedt, J. D., W. E. Kilbourne, and R. A. Mittelstaedt. 2006. Macromarketing as agorology: Macromarketing theory and the study of the agora. Journal of Macromarketing 26:131-42.
48. Musich, S. A., L. Adams, and D. W. Edington. 2000. Effectiveness of health promotion programs in moderating medical costs in the USA. Health Promotion International 15:5-15.
49. Ozminkowski, R. J., R. L. Dunn, R. Z. Goetzel, R. I. Cantor, J. Murnane, and M. Harrison. 1999. A return on investment evaluation of the citibank, N.A., Health Management Program. American Journal of Health Promotion 14:31-43.
50. Pelletier, B., M. Boles, and W. Lynch. 2004. Change in health risks and work productivity over time. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 46:746-54.
51. Pelletier, B. 2005. A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: Update VI 2000-2004. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 47:1051-58.
52. Pelletier K. R., 1991. A review and analysis of the health and cost-effective outcome studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs. American Journal of Health Promotion 5:311-3.
53. Pelletier K. R., 1993. A review and analysis of the health and cost-effective outcome studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs at the worksite: 1991-1993 update. American Journal of Health Promotion 8:50-62.
54. Pelletier K. R., 1996. A review and analysis of the health and cost-effective outcome studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs at the worksite: 1993-1995 update. American Journal of Health Promotion 10:380-8.
55. Pelletier K. R., 1999. A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: 1995-1998 update (IV). American Journal of Health Promotion 13:333-45.
56. Pelletier K. R., 2001. A review and analysis of the clinical-and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: 1998-2000 update. American Journal of Health Promotion 16:107-16.
57. Peterson, M. 2006. Identifying quality-of-life priorities for societal development: Using a market orientation to benefit citizens. Journal of Macromarketing 26:45-58.
58. Peterson, M., and A. Ekici. 2007. Consumer attitude toward marketing and subjective quality of life in the context of a developing country. Journal of Macromarketing 27:350-9.
59. Proper, K., S. van den Heuvel, E. De Vroome, V. Hildebrandt, and A. Van der Beek. 2005. Dose-response relation between physical activity and sick leave. British Journal of Sports Medicine 40:173-8.
60. Rahtz, D. R. and L. R. Szykman. 2008. Can health care organizations better contribute to quality of life by focusing on preventive health knowledge? Journal of Macromarketing 28:122-9.
61. Schultz, A. B., C. Lu, T. E. Barnett, L. T.-c. Yen, T. McDonald, D. Hirschland, and D. W. Edington, 2002. Influence of participation in a worksite health-promotion program on disability days. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44:776-80.
62. Sciacca, J., R. Seehafer, R. Reed, and D. Mulvaney. 1993. The impact of participation in health promotion on medical costs: A reconsideration of the blue cross and blue shield of Indiana study. American Journal of Health Promotion 7:374-84.
63. Serxner, S. A., D. B. Gold, J. J. Grossmeier, and D. R. Anderson. 2003. The relationship between health promotion program participation and medical costs: A dose response. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45:1196-200.
64. Serxner, S., D. Gold, D. Anderson, and D. Williams. 2001. The impact of a worksite health promotion program on short-term disability usage. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43:25-9.
65. Shephard, R. J. 1992. Twelve years experience of a fitness program for the salaried employees of a toronto life assurance company. American Journal of Health Promotion 6:292-301.
66. Shephard, R. J., P. Corey, P. Rensland, and M. Cox. 1982. The influence of an employee fitness and lifestyle modification program upon medical care costs. Canadian Journal of Public Health 73:259-63.
67. Shi, L. 1993a. Health promotion, medical care use, and costs in a sample of worksite employees. Evaluation Review 17:475-87.
68. Shi, L. 1993b. Worksite health promotion and changes in medical care use and sick days. Health Values 17:9-17.
69. Shimizu, T., S. Nagashima, T. Mizoue, T. Higashi, and S. Nagata. 2003. A psychosocial-approached health promotion program at a Japanese worksite. Journal of UOEH 25:23-33.
70. Sirgy, M. J., and D. J. Lee. 2006. Macro measures of consumer well-being (CWB): A critical analysis and a research agenda. Journal of Macromarketing 26:27-44.
71. Sirgy, M. J., D. J. Lee, and D. Rahtz. 2007. Research on consumer well-being (CWB): Overview of the field and introduction to the special issue. Journal of Macromarketing 27:341-9.
72. Stave, G. M., L. Muchmore, and H. Gardner. 2003. Quantifiable impact of the contract for health and wellness: Health behaviors, health care costs, disability, and worker's compensation. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45:109-17.
73. Stein, A. D., T. Karel, and R. Zuidema. 1999. Carrots and sticks: Impact of an incentive/disincentive employee flexible credit benefit plan on health status and medical costs. American Journal of Health Promotion 13:260-7.
74. Varman, R., and R. M. Vikas. 2007. Rising markets and failing health: An inquiry into subaltern health care consumption under neoliberalism. Journal of Macromarketing 27:162-72.
75. Wheat, J. R., M. J. Graney, and R. H. Shachtman. 1992. Does workplace health promotion decrease medical claims? American Journal of Preventative Medicine 8:110-4.
76. Wood, E. A., G. W. Olmstead, and J. L. Craig. 1989. An evaluation of lifestyle risk factors and absenteeism after two years in a worksite health promotion program. American Journal of Health Promotion 4:128-33.