메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 63-85

Formaldehyde-releasers: Relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Contact allergy to formaldehyde and inventory of formaldehyde-releasers

Author keywords

Contact allergy; Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde releaser; Patch testing; Review article; Threshold

Indexed keywords

COSMETIC; DIAZOLIDINYL UREA; FORMALDEHYDE; GLUTARALDEHYDE; HEXAMIDINE; HYDANTOIN; METHENAMINE; PARAFORMALDEHYDE; PHENYTOIN;

EID: 69249135513     PISSN: 01051873     EISSN: 16000536     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01582.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (151)

References (112)
  • 1
    • 33750929453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergens from the standard series
    • In. Frosch, P. J. Menné, T. Lepoittevin, J-P. (eds). Berlin Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag
    • Andersen K E, White I R, Goossens A. Allergens from the standard series. In: Contact Dermatitis, 4th edition, Frosch P J, Menné T, Lepoittevin J-P (eds): Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2006 : 474.
    • (2006) Contact Dermatitis, 4th Edition , pp. 474
    • Andersen, K.E.1    White, I.R.2    Goossens, A.3
  • 2
    • 0004951420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobials and disinfectants
    • In. Kanerva, L. Elsner, P. Wahlberg, J.E. Maibach, H.I. (eds). Berlin Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag
    • Timmer C. Antimicrobials and disinfectants. In: Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI (eds): Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2000 : 462 473.
    • (2000) Handbook of Occupational Dermatology , pp. 462-473
    • Timmer, C.1
  • 3
    • 69249092890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers
    • In. Kanerva, L. Elsner, P. Wahlberg, J. E. Maibach, H. I. (eds). Berlin Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag
    • Flyvholm M-A. Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers. In: Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg J E, Maibach H I (eds): Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2000 : 474 478.
    • (2000) Handbook of Occupational Dermatology , pp. 474-478
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1
  • 4
    • 0021013622 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyd- formaldehyd-abspalter
    • Fiedler H P. Formaldehyd- formaldehyd-abspalter. Dermatosen 1983 : 31 : 187 189.
    • (1983) Dermatosen , vol.31 , pp. 187-189
    • Fiedler, H.P.1
  • 5
    • 0027381817 scopus 로고
    • Identification of formaldehyde releasers and occurrence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in registered chemical products
    • Flyvholm M-A, Andersen P. Identification of formaldehyde releasers and occurrence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in registered chemical products. Am J Ind Med 1993 : 24 : 533 552.
    • (1993) Am J Ind Med , vol.24 , pp. 533-552
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1    Andersen, P.2
  • 7
    • 8544283565 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehydabspalter
    • Geier J. Formaldehydabspalter. Dt Derm 1995 : 43 : 474 476.
    • (1995) Dt Derm , vol.43 , pp. 474-476
    • Geier, J.1
  • 9
    • 0032749664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concomitant positive patch test reactions to allergens in a patch testing standard series from 1988-1997
    • Albert M R, Chang Y, González E. Concomitant positive patch test reactions to allergens in a patch testing standard series from 1988-1997. Am J Contact Dermat 1999 : 10 : 219 223.
    • (1999) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.10 , pp. 219-223
    • Albert, M.R.1    Chang, Y.2    González, E.3
  • 10
    • 22344437316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensibiliéà la diazolidinyl ureéet à l'Imidazolidinyl urée
    • Le Coz C-J. Hypersensibiliéà la diazolidinyl ureéet à l'Imidazolidinyl urée. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005 : 132 : 587 588.
    • (2005) Ann Dermatol Venereol , vol.132 , pp. 587-588
    • Le Coz, C.-J.1
  • 11
    • 0001816198 scopus 로고
    • The problem of preservation in the 1990s: II. Formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing biocides: Incidences of cross-reactivity and the significance of the positive reponse to formaldehyde.
    • Fransway A F, Schmitz N A. The problem of preservation in the 1990s: II. Formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing biocides: incidences of cross-reactivity and the significance of the positive reponse to formaldehyde. Am J Contact Dermat 1991 : 2 : 78 88.
    • (1991) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.2 , pp. 78-88
    • Fransway, A.F.1    Schmitz, N.A.2
  • 12
    • 28344437139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental elicitation of contact allergy from a diazolidinyl urea-preserved cream in relation to anatomical region, exposure time and concentration
    • Zachariae C, Hall B, Cottin M, Cupperman S, Andersen K E, Menné T. Experimental elicitation of contact allergy from a diazolidinyl urea-preserved cream in relation to anatomical region, exposure time and concentration. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 53 : 268 277.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.53 , pp. 268-277
    • Zachariae, C.1    Hall, B.2    Cottin, M.3    Cupperman, S.4    Andersen, K.E.5    Menné, T.6
  • 13
    • 33645067141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can an imidazolidinyl urea-preserved corticosteroid cream be safely used in individuals hypersensitive to formaldehyde?
    • Isaksson M, Gruvberger B, Goon A T-J, Bruze M. Can an imidazolidinyl urea-preserved corticosteroid cream be safely used in individuals hypersensitive to formaldehyde? Contact Dermatitis 2006 : 54 : 29 34.
    • (2006) Contact Dermatitis , vol.54 , pp. 29-34
    • Isaksson, M.1    Gruvberger, B.2    Goon, A.T.-J.3    Bruze, M.4
  • 14
    • 4043145787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers: How much avoidance of cross-reacting agents is required?
    • Herbert C, Rietschel RL. Formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers: how much avoidance of cross-reacting agents is required? Contact Dermatitis 2004 : 50 : 371 373.
    • (2004) Contact Dermatitis , vol.50 , pp. 371-373
    • Herbert, C.1    Rietschel, R.L.2
  • 15
    • 38149059953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact allergy: Alternatives for the 2007 North American Dermatitis Group (NACDG) standard screening tray
    • Scheman A, Jacon S, Zirwas M et al. Contact allergy: Alternatives for the 2007 North American Dermatitis Group (NACDG) standard screening tray. Dis Mon 2008 : 54 : 7 156.
    • (2008) Dis Mon , vol.54 , pp. 7-156
    • Scheman, A.1    Jacon, S.2    Zirwas, M.3
  • 16
    • 0030915723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde exposure at the workplace and in the environment
    • Flyvholm M-A. Formaldehyde exposure at the workplace and in the environment. Allergologie 1997 : 20 : 225 231.
    • (1997) Allergologie , vol.20 , pp. 225-231
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1
  • 17
    • 0026623354 scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde. A case study focussing on sources of formaldehyde exposure.
    • Flyvholm M-A, Menné T. Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde. A case study focussing on sources of formaldehyde exposure. Contact Dermatitis 1992 : 27 : 27 36.
    • (1992) Contact Dermatitis , vol.27 , pp. 27-36
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1    Menné, T.2
  • 19
    • 19244374125 scopus 로고
    • ® -Another formaldehyde releaser in coolant oils
    • ® -Another formaldehyde releaser in coolant oils. Contact Dermatitis 1980 : 6 : 446.
    • (1980) Contact Dermatitis , vol.6 , pp. 446
    • Hamann, K.1
  • 20
    • 0021331225 scopus 로고
    • Guinea pig maximization tests with formaldehyde releasers. Results of two laboratories.
    • Andersen K E, Boman A, Hamann K, Wahlberg J E. Guinea pig maximization tests with formaldehyde releasers. Results of two laboratories. Contact Dermatitis 1984 : 10 : 257 266.
    • (1984) Contact Dermatitis , vol.10 , pp. 257-266
    • Andersen, K.E.1    Boman, A.2    Hamann, K.3    Wahlberg, J.E.4
  • 21
    • 0033849620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis from glutaraldehyde in health care workers
    • Shaffer M P, Belsito D V. Allergic contact dermatitis from glutaraldehyde in health care workers. Contact Dermatitis 2000 : 43 : 150 156.
    • (2000) Contact Dermatitis , vol.43 , pp. 150-156
    • Shaffer, M.P.1    Belsito, D.V.2
  • 24
    • 0031823605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of formaldehyde and peroxides by air oxidation of high purity polyoxyethylene surfactants
    • Bergh M, Magnusson K, Nilsson J L G, Karlberg A-T. Formation of formaldehyde and peroxides by air oxidation of high purity polyoxyethylene surfactants. Contact Dermatitis 1998 : 39 : 14 20.
    • (1998) Contact Dermatitis , vol.39 , pp. 14-20
    • Bergh, M.1    Magnusson, K.2    Nilsson, J.L.G.3    Karlberg, A.-T.4
  • 25
    • 8344278757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicentre patch test study of air-oxidized ethoxylated surfactants
    • Matura M, Bodin A, Skare L et al. Multicentre patch test study of air-oxidized ethoxylated surfactants. Contact Dermatitis 2004 : 51 : 180 188.
    • (2004) Contact Dermatitis , vol.51 , pp. 180-188
    • Matura, M.1    Bodin, A.2    Skare, L.3
  • 26
    • 0034761059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from phenol-formaldehyde resins
    • Owen C M, Beck M H. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from phenol-formaldehyde resins. Contact Dermatitis 2001 : 45 : 294 295.
    • (2001) Contact Dermatitis , vol.45 , pp. 294-295
    • Owen, C.M.1    Beck, M.H.2
  • 27
    • 0036765237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact allergy to the monomers in p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin
    • DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470304.x
    • Zimerson E, Bruze M. Contact allergy to the monomers in p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin. Contact Dermatitis 2002 : 47 : 147 153. (Pubitemid 36051381)
    • (2002) Contact Dermatitis , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 147-153
    • Zimerson, E.1    Bruze, M.2
  • 29
    • 0001816199 scopus 로고
    • The problem of preservation in the 1990s: I. Statement of the problem. Solution(s) of the industry, and the current use of formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing biocides.
    • Fransway A F. The problem of preservation in the 1990s: I. Statement of the problem. Solution(s) of the industry, and the current use of formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing biocides. Am J Contact Dermat 1991 : 2 : 6 23.
    • (1991) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.2 , pp. 6-23
    • Fransway, A.F.1
  • 30
    • 38149108782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde, aspartame, and migraines: A possible connection
    • Jacab S E, Stechschulte S. Formaldehyde, aspartame, and migraines: a possible connection. Dermatitis 2008 : 19 : E10 E11.
    • (2008) Dermatitis , vol.19
    • Jacab, S.E.1    Stechschulte, S.2
  • 32
    • 55149102654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers
    • Aalto-Korte K, Kuuliala O, Suuronen K, Alanko K. Occupational contact allergy to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers. Contact Dermatitis 2008 : 59 : 280 289.
    • (2008) Contact Dermatitis , vol.59 , pp. 280-289
    • Aalto-Korte, K.1    Kuuliala, O.2    Suuronen, K.3    Alanko, K.4
  • 33
    • 22144441736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservatives in registered chemical products
    • Flyvholm M-A. Preservatives in registered chemical products. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 53 : 27 32.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.53 , pp. 27-32
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1
  • 34
    • 3042606807 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde
    • In. Guin, J.D. (ed.). New York. McGraw-Hill
    • Feinman S E. Formaldehyde. In: Practical Contact Dermatitis, Guin JD (ed.): New York, McGraw-Hill, 1995 : 195 210.
    • (1995) Practical Contact Dermatitis , pp. 195-210
    • Feinman, S.E.1
  • 36
    • 0027521203 scopus 로고
    • Contact allergens in registered cleaning agents for industrial and household use
    • Flyvholm M-A. Contact allergens in registered cleaning agents for industrial and household use. Br J Ind Med 1993 : 50 : 1043 1050.
    • (1993) Br J Ind Med , vol.50 , pp. 1043-1050
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1
  • 37
    • 0026706350 scopus 로고
    • A survey of formaldehyde in shampoos and skin creams on the Danish market
    • Rastogi SC. A survey of formaldehyde in shampoos and skin creams on the Danish market. Contact Dermatitis 1992 : 27 : 235 240.
    • (1992) Contact Dermatitis , vol.27 , pp. 235-240
    • Rastogi, S.C.1
  • 39
    • 0038236824 scopus 로고
    • Contamination of cosmetics with formaldehyde from tubes
    • Tegner E, Fregert S. Contamination of cosmetics with formaldehyde from tubes. Contact Dermatitis Newsl 1973 : 13 : 353.
    • (1973) Contact Dermatitis Newsl , vol.13 , pp. 353
    • Tegner, E.1    Fregert, S.2
  • 40
    • 0017386932 scopus 로고
    • Contamination if chemico-technical preparations with formaldehyde from packages
    • Fregert S. Contamination if chemico-technical preparations with formaldehyde from packages. Contact Dermatitis 1977 : 3 : 109 110.
    • (1977) Contact Dermatitis , vol.3 , pp. 109-110
    • Fregert, S.1
  • 42
    • 0030839538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact allergenic activity of Tween 80 before and after air exposure
    • Bergh M, Magnusson K, Nilsson JLG et al. Contact allergenic activity of Tween 80 before and after air exposure. Contact Dermatitis 1997 : 37 : 9 18.
    • (1997) Contact Dermatitis , vol.37 , pp. 9-18
    • Bergh, M.1    Magnusson, K.2    Nilsson, J.L.G.3
  • 43
    • 0026566120 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of formaldehyde detection using chromotropic acid, acetylacetone and HPLC in cosmetics and household products
    • Gryllaki-Berger M, Mugny C H, Perrenoud D, Pannatier A, Frenk E. A comparative study of formaldehyde detection using chromotropic acid, acetylacetone and HPLC in cosmetics and household products. Contact Dermatitis 1992 : 26 : 149 154.
    • (1992) Contact Dermatitis , vol.26 , pp. 149-154
    • Gryllaki-Berger, M.1    Mugny, C.H.2    Perrenoud, D.3    Pannatier, A.4    Frenk, E.5
  • 45
    • 34447330114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 20 Years of standard patch testing in an eczema population with focus on patients with multiple contact allergies
    • Carlsen B C, Menné T, Johansen J D. 20 Years of standard patch testing in an eczema population with focus on patients with multiple contact allergies. Contact Dermatitis 2007 : 57 : 76 83.
    • (2007) Contact Dermatitis , vol.57 , pp. 76-83
    • Carlsen, B.C.1    Menné, T.2    Johansen, J.D.3
  • 46
    • 0031964621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde concentration in diagnostic patch testing: Comparison of 1% with 2%
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05630.x
    • Trattner A, Johansen J D, Menné T. Formaldehyde concentration in diagnostic patch testing: comparison of 1% with 2%. Contact Dermatitis 1998 : 38 : 9 13. (Pubitemid 28059732)
    • (1998) Contact Dermatitis , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-13
    • Trattner, A.1    Johansen, J.D.2    Menne, T.3
  • 47
    • 39049173576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde releasers indicating contact allergy to formaldehyde
    • Geier J, Lessmann H, Hellriegel S, Fuchs T H. Positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde releasers indicating contact allergy to formaldehyde. Contact Dermatitis 2008 : 58 : 175 177.
    • (2008) Contact Dermatitis , vol.58 , pp. 175-177
    • Geier, J.1    Lessmann, H.2    Hellriegel, S.3    Fuchs, T.H.4
  • 49
    • 0023718197 scopus 로고
    • Results of routine patch testing of 542 patients in Saskatoon, Canada
    • Hogan D J, Hill M, Lane P R. Results of routine patch testing of 542 patients in Saskatoon, Canada. Contact Dermatitis 1988 : 19 : 120 124.
    • (1988) Contact Dermatitis , vol.19 , pp. 120-124
    • Hogan, D.J.1    Hill, M.2    Lane, P.R.3
  • 52
    • 0018875871 scopus 로고
    • Decrease in the incidence of contact sensitivity to formaldehyde
    • Sugai T, Yamamoto S. Decrease in the incidence of contact sensitivity to formaldehyde. Contact Dermatitis 1980 : 6 : 154.
    • (1980) Contact Dermatitis , vol.6 , pp. 154
    • Sugai, T.1    Yamamoto, S.2
  • 53
    • 0013941479 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde allergy. Incidence and patch test problems.
    • Epstein E, Maibach H I. Formaldehyde allergy. Incidence and patch test problems. Arch Dermatol 1966 : 94 : 186 190.
    • (1966) Arch Dermatol , vol.94 , pp. 186-190
    • Epstein, E.1    Maibach, H.I.2
  • 54
    • 34547736991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact sensitivity to preservatives in the UK 2004-2005: Results of a multicentre study
    • Jong C T, Statham B N, Green C M et al. Contact sensitivity to preservatives in the UK 2004-2005: results of a multicentre study. Contact Dermatitis 2007 : 57 : 165 168.
    • (2007) Contact Dermatitis , vol.57 , pp. 165-168
    • Jong, C.T.1    Statham, B.N.2    Green, C.M.3
  • 55
    • 38549119579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing trends and allergens in the patch test standard series. A Mayo Clinic 5-year retrospective review, January 1, through December 31, 2005.
    • Davis M D, Scalf L A, Yiannias J A et al. Changing trends and allergens in the patch test standard series. A Mayo Clinic 5-year retrospective review, January 1, through December 31, 2005. Arch Dermatol 2008 : 144 : 67 72.
    • (2008) Arch Dermatol , vol.144 , pp. 67-72
    • Davis, M.D.1    Scalf, L.A.2    Yiannias, J.A.3
  • 56
    • 33745906214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Standard Series patch test results from a contact dermatitis clinic in Israel during the 7-year period from 1998 to 2004
    • Lazarov A. European Standard Series patch test results from a contact dermatitis clinic in Israel during the 7-year period from 1998 to 2004. Contact Dermatitis 2006 : 55 : 73 76.
    • (2006) Contact Dermatitis , vol.55 , pp. 73-76
    • Lazarov, A.1
  • 57
    • 20544476472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contact sensitivity to standard series allergens in 1038 patients with contact dermatitis in Turkey
    • Akyol A, Boyvat A, Peksari Y, Gürgey E. Contact sensitivity to standard series allergens in 1038 patients with contact dermatitis in Turkey. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 52 : 333 337.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.52 , pp. 333-337
    • Akyol, A.1    Boyvat, A.2    Peksari, Y.3    Gürgey, E.4
  • 58
    • 28344453781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epikutantestung mit der DKG-Standardreihe 2001-2004
    • Worm M, Brasch J, Geier J, Uter W, Schnuch A. Epikutantestung mit der DKG-Standardreihe 2001-2004. Hautarzt 2005 : 56 : 1114 1124.
    • (2005) Hautarzt , vol.56 , pp. 1114-1124
    • Worm, M.1    Brasch, J.2    Geier, J.3    Uter, W.4    Schnuch, A.5
  • 59
    • 38349042315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Surveillance System of Contact Allergies (ESSCA): Results of patch testing the standard series, 2004
    • on behalf of the ESSCA writing group.
    • Uter W, on behalf of the ESSCA writing group. The European Surveillance System of Contact Allergies (ESSCA): results of patch testing the standard series, 2004. JEADV 2008 : 22 : 174 181.
    • (2008) JEADV , vol.22 , pp. 174-181
    • Uter, W.1
  • 60
    • 24744454354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European standard series in 9 European countries, 2002/2003-First results of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies
    • Uter W, Hegewald J, Aberer W et al. The European standard series in 9 European countries, 2002/2003-First results of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 53 : 136 145.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.53 , pp. 136-145
    • Uter, W.1    Hegewald, J.2    Aberer, W.3
  • 61
    • 22144439073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patch test reactions to cosmetic allergens in 1995-1997 and 2000-2002 in Finland -a multicentre study
    • Hasan T, Rantanen T, Alanko K et al. Patch test reactions to cosmetic allergens in 1995-1997 and 2000-2002 in Finland -a multicentre study. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 53 : 40 45.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.53 , pp. 40-45
    • Hasan, T.1    Rantanen, T.2    Alanko, K.3
  • 62
    • 13844262799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001-2002 study period
    • Pratt M D, Belsito D V, DeLeo V A et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch-test results, 2001-2002 study period. Dermatitis 2004 : 15 : 176 183.
    • (2004) Dermatitis , vol.15 , pp. 176-183
    • Pratt, M.D.1    Belsito, D.V.2    Deleo, V.A.3
  • 63
    • 24744447196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common contact sensitizers in the Czech Republic. Patch test results in 12,058 patients with suspected contact dermatitis.
    • Machovcova A, Dastychova E, Kostalova D et al. Common contact sensitizers in the Czech Republic. Patch test results in 12,058 patients with suspected contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 53 : 162 166.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.53 , pp. 162-166
    • MacHovcova, A.1    Dastychova, E.2    Kostalova, D.3
  • 64
    • 33846408299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard patch test results in patients with contact dermatitis in Israel: Age and sex differences
    • Freireich-Astman M, David M, Trattner A. Standard patch test results in patients with contact dermatitis in Israel: age and sex differences. Contact Dermatitis 2007 : 56 : 103 107.
    • (2007) Contact Dermatitis , vol.56 , pp. 103-107
    • Freireich-Astman, M.1    David, M.2    Trattner, A.3
  • 65
    • 24744460504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the European Standard Series in 10 centres 1996-2000
    • (EECDRG).
    • Bruynzeel D P, Diepgen T L, Andersen K E et al, (EECDRG). Monitoring the European Standard Series in 10 centres 1996-2000. Contact Dermatitis 2005 : 53 : 146 152.
    • (2005) Contact Dermatitis , vol.53 , pp. 146-152
    • Bruynzeel, D.P.1    Diepgen, T.L.2    Andersen, K.E.3    Al, E.4
  • 66
    • 33847616155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time trends in Swedish patch test data from 1992 to 2000. A multi-centre study based on age- and sex-adjusted results of the Swedish standard series.
    • Lindberg M, Edman B, Fischer T, Stenberg B. Time trends in Swedish patch test data from 1992 to 2000. A multi-centre study based on age- and sex-adjusted results of the Swedish standard series. Contact Dermatitis 2007 : 56 : 205 210.
    • (2007) Contact Dermatitis , vol.56 , pp. 205-210
    • Lindberg, M.1    Edman, B.2    Fischer, T.3    Stenberg, B.4
  • 67
    • 23944515558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patch test results from the Mayo Contact Dermatitis Group, 1998-2000
    • Wetter D A, Davis M D P, Yiannias J A et al. Patch test results from the Mayo Contact Dermatitis Group, 1998-2000. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005 : 53 : 416 421.
    • (2005) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.53 , pp. 416-421
    • Wetter, D.A.1    Davis, M.D.P.2    Yiannias, J.A.3
  • 68
    • 10744220763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American contact dermatitis group patch-test results, 1998 to 2000
    • Marks J G Jr., Belsito D V, DeLeo V A et al. North American contact dermatitis group patch-test results, 1998 to 2000. Am J Contact Dermat 2003 : 14 : 59 62.
    • (2003) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.14 , pp. 59-62
    • Marks Jr., J.G.1    Belsito, D.V.2    Deleo, V.A.3
  • 69
    • 0037325968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The British standard series of contact dermatitis allergens: Validation in clinical practice and value for clinical governance
    • Britton J E, Wilkinson SM, English J S C et al. The British standard series of contact dermatitis allergens: validation in clinical practice and value for clinical governance. Br J Dermatol 2003 : 148 : 259 264.
    • (2003) Br J Dermatol , vol.148 , pp. 259-264
    • Britton, J.E.1    Wilkinson, S.M.2    English, J.S.C.3
  • 70
    • 20244371626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associated positive patch test reactions to standard contact allergens
    • Brasch J, Uter W, Geier J. Associated positive patch test reactions to standard contact allergens. Am J Contact Dermat 2001 : 12 : 197 202.
    • (2001) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.12 , pp. 197-202
    • Brasch, J.1    Uter, W.2    Geier, J.3
  • 71
    • 0033952897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results. 1996-1998
    • Marks J G Jr., Belsito D V, DeLeo V A et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results. 1996-1998. Arch Dermatol 2000 : 136 : 272 273.
    • (2000) Arch Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 272-273
    • Marks Jr., J.G.1    Belsito, D.V.2    Deleo, V.A.3
  • 72
    • 0031708476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobials, preservatives, antiseptics and disinfectants
    • Goossens A, Claes L, Drieghe J, Put E. Antimicrobials, preservatives, antiseptics and disinfectants. Contact Dermatitis 1998 : 39 : 133 134.
    • (1998) Contact Dermatitis , vol.39 , pp. 133-134
    • Goossens, A.1    Claes, L.2    Drieghe, J.3    Put, E.4
  • 73
    • 0031808340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens
    • Marks J G Jr., Belsito D V, DeLeo V A et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results for the detection of delayed-type hypersensitivity to topical allergens. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 : 38 : 911 918.
    • (1998) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.38 , pp. 911-918
    • Marks Jr., J.G.1    Belsito, D.V.2    Deleo, V.A.3
  • 74
    • 0030609165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patch test reactions to the Chinese standard screening allergens in 1.135 patients investigated for allergic contact dermatitis.
    • Liu Y Q, Zhao B, Zhuang L H, Fan W X. Patch test reactions to the Chinese standard screening allergens in 1.135 patients investigated for allergic contact dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat 1997 : 8 : 141 143.
    • (1997) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.8 , pp. 141-143
    • Liu, Y.Q.1    Zhao, B.2    Zhuang, L.H.3    Fan, W.X.4
  • 75
    • 9844254488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National rates and regional differences in sensitization to allergens of the standard series. Population-adjusted frequencies of sensitization (PAFS) in 40,000 patients from a multicenter study (IVDK).
    • Schnuch A, Geier J, Uter W et al. National rates and regional differences in sensitization to allergens of the standard series. Population-adjusted frequencies of sensitization (PAFS) in 40,000 patients from a multicenter study (IVDK). Contact Dermatitis 1997 : 37 : 200 209.
    • (1997) Contact Dermatitis , vol.37 , pp. 200-209
    • Schnuch, A.1    Geier, J.2    Uter, W.3
  • 76
    • 0029081860 scopus 로고
    • North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard tray patch test results 1992 through 1994
    • Marks J G, Belsito D V, DeLeo V A et al. North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard tray patch test results 1992 through 1994. Am J Contact Dermat 1995 : 6 : 160 165.
    • (1995) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.6 , pp. 160-165
    • Marks, J.G.1    Belsito, D.V.2    Deleo, V.A.3
  • 77
    • 0029805221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in a standard series
    • Kränke B, Szolar-Platzer C, Aberer W. Reactions to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers in a standard series. Contact Dermatitis 1996 : 35 : 192 193.
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.35 , pp. 192-193
    • Kränke, B.1    Szolar-Platzer, C.2    Aberer, W.3
  • 78
    • 0028364331 scopus 로고
    • Frequency of sensitization to 13 common preservatives in Switzerland
    • Perrenoud D, Bircher A, Hunziker T et al. Frequency of sensitization to 13 common preservatives in Switzerland. Contact Dermatitis 1994 : 30 : 276 279.
    • (1994) Contact Dermatitis , vol.30 , pp. 276-279
    • Perrenoud, D.1    Bircher, A.2    Hunziker, T.3
  • 79
    • 0026623354 scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde. A case study focusing on sources of formaldehyde exposure.
    • Flyvholm M A, Menné T. Allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde. A case study focusing on sources of formaldehyde exposure. Contact Dermatitis 1992 : 27 : 227 236.
    • (1992) Contact Dermatitis , vol.27 , pp. 227-236
    • Flyvholm, M.A.1    Menné, T.2
  • 80
    • 0033663444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical control of preservative labelling on skin creams
    • Rastogi S C. Analytical control of preservative labelling on skin creams. Contact Dermatitis 2000 : 43 : 339 343.
    • (2000) Contact Dermatitis , vol.43 , pp. 339-343
    • Rastogi, S.C.1
  • 81
    • 0025950111 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde is a significant allergen in women with hand eczema
    • Cronin E. Formaldehyde is a significant allergen in women with hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 1991 : 25 : 276 282.
    • (1991) Contact Dermatitis , vol.25 , pp. 276-282
    • Cronin, E.1
  • 82
    • 0031941788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patch testing with preservatives, antimicrobials and industrial biocides. Results from a multicentre study.
    • Schnuch A, Geier J, Uter W, Frosch P J. Patch testing with preservatives, antimicrobials and industrial biocides. Results from a multicentre study. Br J Dermatol 1998 : 138 : 467 476.
    • (1998) Br J Dermatol , vol.138 , pp. 467-476
    • Schnuch, A.1    Geier, J.2    Uter, W.3    Frosch, P.J.4
  • 83
    • 0030979186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyd-Allergie: Aktuelle Trends im internationalen Vergleich. Auswertungen der IVDK-Daten der Jahre 1992-1995.
    • Schnuch A, Geier J. Formaldehyd-Allergie: Aktuelle Trends im internationalen Vergleich. Auswertungen der IVDK-Daten der Jahre 1992-1995. Allergologie 1997 : 20 : 205 214.
    • (1997) Allergologie , vol.20 , pp. 205-214
    • Schnuch, A.1    Geier, J.2
  • 85
    • 0035662742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clothes make the (wo)man: Diagnosis and management of clothing dermatitis
    • Cohen D, Hatch K L, Maibach H I, Pratt M. Clothes make the (wo)man: diagnosis and management of clothing dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat 2001 : 12 : 229 231.
    • (2001) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.12 , pp. 229-231
    • Cohen, D.1    Hatch, K.L.2    Maibach, H.I.3    Pratt, M.4
  • 87
    • 0028788182 scopus 로고
    • Follow-up study of patients allergic to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers: Retention of information, compliance, course, and persistence of allergy
    • Kang K M, Corey G, Storrs F J. Follow-up study of patients allergic to formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers: retention of information, compliance, course, and persistence of allergy. Am J Contact Dermat 1995 : 6 : 209 215.
    • (1995) Am J Contact Dermat , vol.6 , pp. 209-215
    • Kang, K.M.1    Corey, G.2    Storrs, F.J.3
  • 89
    • 0031055381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threshold for occluded formaldehyde patch test in formaldehyde-sensitive patients
    • Flyvholm M-A, Hall B M, Agner T et al. Threshold for occluded formaldehyde patch test in formaldehyde-sensitive patients. Contact Dermatitis 1997 : 36 : 26 33.
    • (1997) Contact Dermatitis , vol.36 , pp. 26-33
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1    Hall, B.M.2    Agner, T.3
  • 91
    • 0029178037 scopus 로고
    • Clinical standardisation of the TRUE Test™ formaldehyde patch
    • Fischer T, Andersen K E, Bengtsson U et al. Clinical standardisation of the TRUE Test™ formaldehyde patch. Curr Probl Dermatol 1995 : 22 : 24 30.
    • (1995) Curr Probl Dermatol , vol.22 , pp. 24-30
    • Fischer, T.1    Andersen, K.E.2    Bengtsson, U.3
  • 92
    • 13044300442 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde hypersensitivity: An experimental study
    • Horsfall F L Jr. Formaldehyde hypersensitivity: An experimental study. J Immunol 1934 : 27 : 569 581.
    • (1934) J Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 569-581
    • Horsfall, Jr.F.L.1
  • 93
    • 84895289347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergens exposure assessment
    • In. Frosch, P.J. Menné, T. Lepoittevin, J-P. (eds). Berlin Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag
    • Gruvberger B, Bruze M, Fregert S, Lidén C. Allergens exposure assessment. In: Contact Dermatitis, 4th edition, Frosch PJ, Menné T, Lepoittevin J-P (eds): Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2006 : 413 427.
    • (2006) Contact Dermatitis, 4th Edition , pp. 413-427
    • Gruvberger, B.1    Bruze, M.2    Fregert, S.3    Lidén, C.4
  • 94
    • 0026566120 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of formaldehyde detection using chromotropic acid, acetylacetone and HPLC in cosmetics and household cleaning products
    • Gryllaki-Berger M, Mugny C, Perrenoud D, Pannater A, Frenk E. A comparative study of formaldehyde detection using chromotropic acid, acetylacetone and HPLC in cosmetics and household cleaning products. Contact Dermatitis 1992 : 26 : 149 154.
    • (1992) Contact Dermatitis , vol.26 , pp. 149-154
    • Gryllaki-Berger, M.1    Mugny, C.2    Perrenoud, D.3    Pannater, A.4    Frenk, E.5
  • 95
    • 0030031203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 2 tests for clinical assessment of formaldehyde exposure
    • Flyvholm M-A, Tiedemann E, Menné T. Comparison of 2 tests for clinical assessment of formaldehyde exposure. Contact Dermatitis 1996 : 34 : 35 38.
    • (1996) Contact Dermatitis , vol.34 , pp. 35-38
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1    Tiedemann, E.2    Menné, T.3
  • 97
    • 44949276841 scopus 로고
    • High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of free formaldehyde in cosmetics
    • Benassi C A, Semenzato A, Bettero A. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of free formaldehyde in cosmetics. J Chromatogr 1989 : 464 : 387 393.
    • (1989) J Chromatogr , vol.464 , pp. 387-393
    • Benassi, C.A.1    Semenzato, A.2    Bettero, A.3
  • 98
    • 0000877596 scopus 로고
    • Separation and quantitative determination of traces of carbonyl compounds as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by high-pressure liquid chromatography
    • Selim S. Separation and quantitative determination of traces of carbonyl compounds as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by high-pressure liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1977 : 136 : 271 277.
    • (1977) J Chromatogr , vol.136 , pp. 271-277
    • Selim, S.1
  • 99
    • 0001277509 scopus 로고
    • Determination of free formaldehyde in the presence of donators in cosmetics by HPLC and post-column derivation
    • Engelhardt H, Klinkner R. Determination of free formaldehyde in the presence of donators in cosmetics by HPLC and post-column derivation. Chromatographia 1985 : 20 : 559 565.
    • (1985) Chromatographia , vol.20 , pp. 559-565
    • Engelhardt, H.1    Klinkner, R.2
  • 100
    • 0031985715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for quantification of formaldehyde in the presence of formaldehyde donors in skin-care products
    • Karlberg A-T, Skare L, Lindberg I, Nyhammar E. A method for quantification of formaldehyde in the presence of formaldehyde donors in skin-care products. Contact Dermatitis 1998 : 38 : 20 28.
    • (1998) Contact Dermatitis , vol.38 , pp. 20-28
    • Karlberg, A.-T.1    Skare, L.2    Lindberg, I.3    Nyhammar, E.4
  • 102
    • 1542618894 scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the AATCC sealed jar and HPLC methods for measurement of low levels of formaldehyde
    • Pasad D M, Cochran C L. Optimization of the AATCC sealed jar and HPLC methods for measurement of low levels of formaldehyde. Text Chem Colorist 1989 : 21 : 13 18.
    • (1989) Text Chem Colorist , vol.21 , pp. 13-18
    • Pasad, D.M.1    Cochran, C.L.2
  • 104
    • 33847637614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative 13 C NMR Spectroscopic studies on the equilibrium of formaldehyde with its releasing cosmetic preservatives
    • Emeis D, Anker W, Wittern K-P. Quantitative 13 C NMR Spectroscopic studies on the equilibrium of formaldehyde with its releasing cosmetic preservatives. Anal Chem 2007 : 79 : 2096 2100.
    • (2007) Anal Chem , vol.79 , pp. 2096-2100
    • Emeis, D.1    Anker, W.2    Wittern, K.-P.3
  • 105
    • 0026832829 scopus 로고
    • PROBAS: The Danish Product Register Data Base - A national register of chemical substances and products
    • Flyvholm M-A, Andersen P, Beck I D, Brandorff NP. PROBAS: The Danish Product Register Data Base - a national register of chemical substances and products. J Hazard Mater 1992 : 30 : 59 69.
    • (1992) J Hazard Mater , vol.30 , pp. 59-69
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1    Andersen, P.2    Beck, I.D.3    Brandorff, N.P.4
  • 108
    • 32644474433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of information on the occurrence of chemical contact allergens
    • In. Kanerva, L. Elsner, P. Wahlberg, J. E. Maibach, H. I. (eds). Berlin Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag
    • Flyvholm M-A. Sources of information on the occurrence of chemical contact allergens. In: Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg J E, Maibach H I (eds): Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2000 : 392 394.
    • (2000) Handbook of Occupational Dermatology , pp. 392-394
    • Flyvholm, M.-A.1
  • 110
    • 6544230291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paper given at Preservatech, Paris. Available at. (last accessed 14 January 2009).
    • Steinberg D. Frequency of use of preservatives in the United States. Paper given at Preservatech, Paris, 1996 Available at www.creative-developments. co.uk/papers/Preservatives%201999.htm (last accessed 14 January 2009).
    • (1996) Frequency of Use of Preservatives in the United States
    • Steinberg, D.1
  • 111
    • 3042670619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypersensitivity to preservatives
    • Sasseville D. Hypersensitivity to preservatives. Dermatol Ther 2004 : 17 : 251 263.
    • (2004) Dermatol Ther , vol.17 , pp. 251-263
    • Sasseville, D.1
  • 112
    • 0002020307 scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde: Effect on animal and human skin
    • In. Gibson, J.E. (ed.). Washington, DC. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation
    • Maibach H I. Formaldehyde: effect on animal and human skin. In: Formaldehyde toxicity, Gibson JE (ed.): Washington, DC, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1983 : 166 174.
    • (1983) Formaldehyde Toxicity , pp. 166-174
    • Maibach, H.I.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.