The appearance of the child prodigy 10,000 years ago: An evolutionary and developmental explanation

Journal of Mind and Behavior

Volumn 30, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 15-32

  Vandervert, Larry R ^a  

^a American Nonlinear Systems   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebellum; Giftedness; Working memory

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION; CEREBELLUM; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; COGNITION; CULTURAL FACTOR; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EMOTIONALITY; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GIFTED CHILD; HUMAN; INFANCY; KNOWLEDGE; LANGUAGE PROCESSING; REVIEW; RURAL AREA; SKILL; SPEECH PERCEPTION; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 68349121684     PISSN: 02710137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Ackermann, H., Mathiak, K., and Ivry, R.B. (2004). Temporal organization of "internal speech" as a basis for cerebellar modulation of cognitive functions. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3, 14-22.
2. Akshoomoff, N., Courchesne, E., and Townsend, J. (1997). Attention coordination and anticipatory control. In J.D. Schmahmann (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition (pp. 575-598). New York: Academic Press.
3. Alexander, R. (1989). Evolution of the human psyche. In P. Millar and C. Stringer (Eds.), The human revolution: Behavioral and biological perspectives on the origins of modern humans (pp. 455-513). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
4. Ambrose, S. (2001, March 2). Paleolithic technology and human evolution. Science, 291, 1748-1753.
5. Baddeley, A., and Logie, R.H. (1999). Working memory: The multiple-component model. In A. Miyake and P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (pp. 28-61). New York: Cambridge University Press.
6. Blackwood, N., Ffytche, D., Simmons, A., Bentall, R., Murray, R., and Howard, R. (2004). The cerebellum and decision making under uncertainty. Cognitive Brain Research, 20, 46-53.
7. Cabeza, R., and Nyberg, L. (2000). Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(1), 1-47. (Pubitemid 30142782)
8. Chávez-Eakle, R.A., Graff-Guerrero, A., Garcia-Reyna, J., Vaugier, V., and Cruz-Fuentes, C. (2007). Cerebral blood flow associated with creative performance: A comparative study. NeuroImage, 38, 519-528. (Pubitemid 47539900)
9. Chein, J.M., Ravizza, S.M., and Fiez, J.A. (2003). Using neuroimaging to evaluate models of working memory and their implications for language processing. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 16, 315-339.
10. Cowan, N. (1999). Embedded-processes model of working memory. In A. Miyake and P. Shah (Eds.), Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control (pp. 62-101). New York: Cambridge University Press.
11. Cowan, N. (2005). Understanding intelligence: A summary and an adjustable-attention hypothesis. In O. Wilhelm and R.W. Engle (Eds.), Handbook of understanding and measuring intelligence (pp. 469-488). London: Sage.
12. Crespi B.J. (2004) Vicious circles: Positive feedback in major evolutionary and ecological transitions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19, 627-633.
13. Dabrowski, K. (1972). Psychoneurosis is not an illness. London: Gryf.
14. Desmond, J., and Fiez, J. (1998). Neuroimaging studies of the cerebellum: Language, learning and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 355-362. (Pubitemid 28396571)
15. Dow, R., and Moruzzi, G. (1958). The physiology and pathology of the cerebellum. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
16. Doya, K. (1999). What are the computations of the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex? Neural Networks, 12, 961-974.
17. Doya, K., Kazuyuki, S., Ken-khi, K., and Kawato, M. (2002). Multiple model-based reinforcement learning. Neural Computation, 14(8), 1347-1369.
18. Edmunds, A.L., and Edmunds, G.A. (2005). Sensitivity: A double-edged sword for the pre-adolescent and adolescent gifted child. Roeper Review, 27, 69-77.
19. Edmunds A.L., and Noel, K. (2003). Literary precocity: An exceptional case among exceptional cases. Roeper Review, 25, 185-194.
20. Ericsson, K.A. (2002). Attaining excellence through deliberate practice: Insights from the study of expert performance. In M. Ferrari (Ed.), The pursuit of excellence through education (pp. 21-55). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
21. Ericsson, K.A. (2003). The search for general abilities and basic capacities: Theoretical implications from the modifiability and complexity of mechanisms mediating expert performance. In R.J. Sternberg and E.I. Grigorenko (Eds.), The psychology of abilities, competencies, and expertise (pp. 93-125). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22. Ericsson, K.A., Roring, R., and Nandagopal, K. (2007). Giftedness and evidence for reproducibly superior performance: An account based on the expert performance framework. High Ability Studies, 18, 3-56.
23. Feldman, D.H., and Goldsmith, L.T. (1991). Nature's gambit: Child prodigies and the development of human potential. New York: Teachers College Press.
24. Flanagan, R., Nakano, E., Imamizu, H., Osu, R., Yoshioka, T., and Kawato, M. (1999). Composition and decomposition of internal models in learning under altered kinematic and dynamic environments. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 1-5.
25. Flinn, M., Geary, D., and Ward, C. (2005). Ecological dominance, social competition, and coalitionary arms races: Why humans evolved extraordinary intelligence. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(1), 10-46. (Pubitemid 40071325)
26. Flinn, M., and Ward, C. (2005). Evolution of the social child. In B. Ellis and D. Bjorklund (Eds.), Origins of the social mind: Evolutionary psychology and child development (pp. 19-44). London: Guilford Press.
27. Friedman, N.P., Miyake, A., Young, S.E., DeFries, J.C., Corley, R.P., and Hewitt, J.K. (2008). Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 201-225.
28. Gao, J., Parsons, L., Bower, J., Xiong, J., Li, J., and Fox, P. (1996, April 26). Cerebellum implicated in sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control. Science, 272 (5261), 545-547.
29. Geary, D. (2007). The motivation to control and the evolution of general intelligence. In S. Gangestad and J. Simpson (Eds.), The evolution of mind: Fundamental questions and controversies (pp. 305-312). New York: Guilford Publications.
30. Geary, D., and Bjorklund, D. (2000). Evolutionary developmental psychology. Child Development, 71, 57-65.
31. Goldman-Rakic, P.S. (1992, September). Working memory and the mind. Scientific American, 267, 111-117.
32. Goldsmith, H., Lemery, K., Aksan, N., and Buss, K. (2000). Temperament and personality development across the life span. In V. Molfese and D. Molfese (Eds.), Temperamental substrates of personality development (pp. 1-32). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
33. Gupta, A. (2004). Origin of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals linked to early Holocene climate amelioration. Current Science, 87(1), 54-59.
34. Haruno, M., Wolpert, D., and Kawato, M. (1999). Multiple paired forward-inverse models for human motor learning and control. In M.S. Kearns, S.A. Solla, and D.A. Cohn (Eds.), Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 31-37). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
35. Haruno, M., Wolpert, D., and Kawato, M. (2001). MOSAIC model for sensorimotor and learning control. Neural Computation, 13(10), 2201-2220. (Pubitemid 33676881)
36. Haruno, M., Wolpert, D., and Kawato, M. (2003). Hierarchical MOSAIC for movement generation. In T. Ono, G. Matsumoto, R.R. Llinas, A. Bethoz, R. Norgren, H. Nishijo, and R. Tamura (Eds.), Excepta Medica International Congress Series (Volume 1250, pp. 575-590). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.
37. Holmes, G. (1939). The cerebellum of man. Brain, 62, 1-30.
38. Houk, J., and Wise, S. (1995). Distributed modular architectures linking basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex: Their role in planning and controlling action. Cerebral Cortex, 2, 95-110.
39. Imamizu, H., Higuchi, S., Toda, A., and Kawato, M. (2007). Reorganization of brain activity for multiple internal models after short but intensive training, Cortex, 43, 338-349. (Pubitemid 46729972)
40. Imamizu, H., Kuroda, T., Miyauchi, S., Yoshioka, T., and Kawato, M. (2003). Modular organization of internal models of tools in the cerebellum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 100(9), 5461-5466. (Pubitemid 36542727)
41. Imamizu, H., Kuroda, T., Yoshioka, T., and Kawato, M. (2004). Functional magnetic resonance imaging examination of two modular architectures for switching multiple internal models. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 1173-1181. (Pubitemid 38177024)
42. Imamizu, H., Miyauchi, S., Tamada, T., Sasaki, Y., Takino, R., Pütz, B., Yoshioka, T., and Kawato, M. (2000, 13 January). Human cerebellar activity reflecting an acquired internal model of a new tool. Nature, 403, 192-195.
43. Imamizu H., Sugimoto N., Osu R., Tsutsui K., Wada Y., and Kawato M. (2007). Explicit contextual information selectively contributes to predictive switching of internal models. Experimental Brain Research, 181 (3), 395-408 (Pubitemid 47077039)
44. Ito, M. (1993). Movement and thought: Identical control mechanisms by the cerebellum. Trends in Neurosciences, 16(11), 448-450. (Pubitemid 23313519)
45. Ito, M. (1997). Cerebellar microcomplexes. In J.D. Schmahmann (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition (pp. 475-487). New York: Academic Press.
46. Ito, M. (2005). Bases and implications of learning in the cerebellum - Adaptive control and internal model mechanism. In C.I. DeZeeuw and F. Cicirata (Eds.), Creating coordination in the cerebellum (Progress in Brain Research, Volume148, chap. 9, pp. 95-109). Oxford, England: Elsevier Science.
47. Ivry, R. (1997). Cerebellar timing systems. In J.D. Schmahmann (Ed.) The cerebellum and cognition (pp. 555-573). New York: Academic Press.
48. Kawano, K., Takemura, A., Inoue, Y., Kitama, T., Kobayashi, Y., and Mustari, M. (1996). Visual inputs to cerebellar paraflocculus during ocular following responses. Progress in Brain Research, 112, 415-422 (Pubitemid 26400868)
49. Kawato, M. (1999). Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Current Opinion in Neurophysiology, 9, 718-727.
50. Kelly, R., and Strick, P. (2003). Cerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of a nonhuman primate. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 8432-8444. (Pubitemid 37129661)
51. Kornhuber, H. (1974). Cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia: An introduction to their motor functions. In F. Schmitt and F. Worden (Eds.), The neurosciences: Third study program (pp. 267-280). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
52. Leiner, H., and Leiner, A. (1997). How fibers subserve computing capabilities: Similarities between brains and machines. In J.D. Schmahmann (Ed.), The cerebellum and cognition (pp. 535-553). New York: Academic Press.
53. Leiner, H., Leiner, A., and Dow, R. (1986). Does the cerebellum contribute to mental skills? Behavioral Neuroscience, 100, 443-454.
54. Leiner, H., Leiner, A., and Dow, R. (1989). Reappraising the cerebellum: What does the hindbrain contribute to the forebrain? Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 998-1008.
55. Mandler, J. (1988). How to build a baby: On the development of an accessible representational system. Cognitive Development, 3, 113-136.
56. Mandler, J. (1992a). How to build a baby II: Conceptual primitives. Psychological Review, 99, 587-604.
57. Mandler, J. (1992b). The foundations of conceptual thought in infancy. Cognitive Development, 7, 273-285.
58. Mandler, J. (2004). The foundations of mind: Origins of conceptual thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
59. Middleton, F., and Strick, P. (2001). Cerebellar projections to the prefrontal cortex of the primate. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 700-712. (Pubitemid 32107458)
60. Miyake, A., and Shah, P. (Eds.). (1999). Models of working memory: Mechanisms of active maintenance and executive control. New York: Cambridge University Press.
61. Noel, K., and Edmunds, A.L. (2007). Constructing a synthetic-analytic framework for precocious writing. Roeper Review, 29, 125-131.
62. O'Reilly, J., Mesulam, M., and Nobre, A. (2008). The cerebellum predicts the timing of perceptual events. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(9), 2252-2260. (Pubitemid 351317632)
63. Pfeiffer, J. (1982). The creative explosion: An inquiry into the origins of art and religion. New York: Harper and Row.
64. Ramnani, N. (2006). The primate cortico-cerebellar system: Anatomy and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 511-522.
65. Schmahmann, J. (Ed.). (1997). The cerebellum and cognition. New York: Academic Press.
66. Schmahmann, J. (1998). Dysmetria of thought: Clinical consequences of cerebellar dysfunction on cognition and affect. Trends in Cognitive Science, 2, 362-371.
67. Schmahmann, J. (2004). Disorders of the cerebellum: Ataxia, dysmetria of thought, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 16, 367-378.
68. Schmahmann, J., and Pandya, D. (1997). The cerebrocerebellar system. International Review of Biology, 41, 31-60.
69. Tamada, T., Miyauchi, S., Imamizu, H., Yoshioka, T., and Kawato, M. (1999). Cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity revealed by the laterality index in tool-use learning. Neuroreport, 10, 325-331. (Pubitemid 29104808)
70. Thach, W.T. (1996). On the specific role of the cerebellum in motor learning and cognition: Clues from PET activation and lesion studies in man. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19(3), 411-431.
71. Thompson, P., Giedd, J., Woods, R., MacDonald, D., Evans, A., and Toga, A. (2000). Growth patterns in the developing human brain detected using continuum-mechanical tensor mapping. Nature, 404(6774), 190-193. (Pubitemid 30154487)
72. Tilney, F. (1928). The brain from ape to man (Volume 2). New York: Paul B. Hoeber.
73. Vandervert, L. (2003). The neurophysiological basis of innovation. In L.V. Shavinina (Ed.), The international handbook on innovation (pp. 17-30). Oxford, England: Elsevier Science.
74. Vandervert, L. (2007). Cognitive functions of the cerebellum explain how Ericsson's deliberate practice produces giftedness. High Ability Studies, 18(1), 89-92.
75. Vandervert, L. (in press). Working memory, the cognitive functions of the cerebellum and the child prodigy. In L.V. Shavinina (Ed.), International handbook on giftedness. New York: Springer Science.
76. Vandervert, L., Schimpf, R., and Liu, H. (2007). How working memory and the cerebellum collaborate to produce innovation and creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 19, 1-18.
77. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
78. Washburn, S.L., and Harding, R.S. (1970). Evolution of primate behavior. In F.O. Schmitt (Ed.), The neurosciences: Second study program (pp. 39-47). New York: Rockefeller University Press.
79. Weaver, A. (2005). Reciprocal evolution of the cerebellum and neocortex in fossil humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 3576-3580.
80. Wilcox, G., Buxo, R., and Herveux, L. (2009). Late Pleistocene and early Holocene climate and the beginnings of cultivation in northern Syria. The Holocene, 19(1), 151-159.
81. Winner, E. (1996). Gifted children: Myths and realities. New York: Basic Books.
82. Wolpert, D.M., Doya, K., and Kawato, M. (2003). A unifying computational framework for motor control and social interaction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 358, 593-602. (Pubitemid 36380538)
83. Wolpert, D.M., and Kawato, M. (1998). Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control. Neural Networks, 11, 1317-1329.