메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1287, Issue , 2009, Pages 1-19

IGF-1:Tetanus toxin fragment C fusion protein improves delivery of IGF-1 to spinal cord but fails to prolong survival of ALS mice

Author keywords

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Drug delivery; Fusion protein; IGF 1; Motor neuron; SOD1G93A transgenic mice; Tetanus toxin fragment C

Indexed keywords

BRAIN ENZYME; GANGLIOSIDE GT 1B; HYBRID PROTEIN; INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR TETANUS TOXIN FRAGMENT C FUSION PROTEIN; PROTEIN KINASE B; RECOMBINANT SOMATOMEDIN C; SOMATOMEDIN C; SOMATOMEDIN C RECEPTOR; TETANUS TOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 68049090807     PISSN: 00068993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.066     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0032589192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of AKT1 in 17beta-estradiol and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1)-dependent proliferation and prevention of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells
    • Ahmad S., Singh N., and Glazer R.I. Role of AKT1 in 17beta-estradiol and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1)-dependent proliferation and prevention of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 58 (1999) 425-430
    • (1999) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.58 , pp. 425-430
    • Ahmad, S.1    Singh, N.2    Glazer, R.I.3
  • 2
    • 0032854992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IGF-1 amino-terminal tripeptide glycine-proline-glutamate is neuroprotective in striatum on the quinolinic acid lesion model of Huntington's disease
    • Alexi T., Hughes P., van Roon-Mom W., Faull R., Williams C., Clark R., and Gluckman P. The IGF-1 amino-terminal tripeptide glycine-proline-glutamate is neuroprotective in striatum on the quinolinic acid lesion model of Huntington's disease. Exp. Neurol. 159 (1999) 84-97
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol. , vol.159 , pp. 84-97
    • Alexi, T.1    Hughes, P.2    van Roon-Mom, W.3    Faull, R.4    Williams, C.5    Clark, R.6    Gluckman, P.7
  • 3
    • 8344256552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant protein folding and misfolding in Escherichia coli
    • Baneyx F., and Mujacic M. Recombinant protein folding and misfolding in Escherichia coli. Nat. Biotechnol. 22 (2004) 1399-1408
    • (2004) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.22 , pp. 1399-1408
    • Baneyx, F.1    Mujacic, M.2
  • 5
    • 0017596090 scopus 로고
    • An antigenic polypeptide fragment isolated from tetanus toxin: chemical characterization, binding to gangliosides, and retrograde axonal transport in various neuron systems
    • Bizzini B., Stoeckel K., and Schwab M. An antigenic polypeptide fragment isolated from tetanus toxin: chemical characterization, binding to gangliosides, and retrograde axonal transport in various neuron systems. J. Neurochem. 28 (1977) 529-542
    • (1977) J. Neurochem. , vol.28 , pp. 529-542
    • Bizzini, B.1    Stoeckel, K.2    Schwab, M.3
  • 6
    • 0031722582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled trial of insulin-like growth factor-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Borasio G.D., Robberecht W., Leigh P.N., et al. A placebo-controlled trial of insulin-like growth factor-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 51 (1998) 583-586
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 583-586
    • Borasio, G.D.1    Robberecht, W.2    Leigh, P.N.3
  • 9
    • 0019365912 scopus 로고
    • Effects of serum and insulin on the sensitivity of the human breast cancer line MCF-7 to estrogen and anti-estrogens
    • Butler W.B., Kelsey W.H., and Goran N. Effects of serum and insulin on the sensitivity of the human breast cancer line MCF-7 to estrogen and anti-estrogens. Cancer Res. 41 (1981) 82-88
    • (1981) Cancer Res. , vol.41 , pp. 82-88
    • Butler, W.B.1    Kelsey, W.H.2    Goran, N.3
  • 10
    • 0025819075 scopus 로고
    • Retrograde, trans-synaptic, and transneuronal transport of fragment C of tetanus toxin by sympathetic preganglionic neurons
    • Cabot J.B., Mennone A., Bogan N., Carroll J., Evinger C., and Erichsen J.T. Retrograde, trans-synaptic, and transneuronal transport of fragment C of tetanus toxin by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Neurosci 40 (1991) 805-823
    • (1991) Neurosci , vol.40 , pp. 805-823
    • Cabot, J.B.1    Mennone, A.2    Bogan, N.3    Carroll, J.4    Evinger, C.5    Erichsen, J.T.6
  • 11
    • 0025234804 scopus 로고
    • Nerve sprouting in innervated adult skeletal muscle induced by exposure to elevated levels of insulin-like growth factors
    • Caroni P., and Grandes P. Nerve sprouting in innervated adult skeletal muscle induced by exposure to elevated levels of insulin-like growth factors. J. Cell. Biol. 110 (1990) 1307-1317
    • (1990) J. Cell. Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 1307-1317
    • Caroni, P.1    Grandes, P.2
  • 14
    • 0030740254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction of hybrid proteins that migrate retrogradely and transynaptically in the central nervous system
    • Coen L., Osta R., Maury M., and Brulet P. Construction of hybrid proteins that migrate retrogradely and transynaptically in the central nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94 (1997) 9400-9405
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.94 , pp. 9400-9405
    • Coen, L.1    Osta, R.2    Maury, M.3    Brulet, P.4
  • 15
    • 0027373612 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human IGF-1, Des(1-3)IGF-1, and R3IGF-1 enhance functional recovery from sciatic nerve crush in mice
    • Contreras P.C., Steffler C., Yu E., Callison K., and Stong D. Recombinant human IGF-1, Des(1-3)IGF-1, and R3IGF-1 enhance functional recovery from sciatic nerve crush in mice. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 692 (1993) 314-316
    • (1993) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.692 , pp. 314-316
    • Contreras, P.C.1    Steffler, C.2    Yu, E.3    Callison, K.4    Stong, D.5
  • 16
    • 0026510667 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal lysosomal enzyme replacement using fragment C of tetanus toxin
    • Dobrenis K., Joseph A., and Rattazzi M. Neuronal lysosomal enzyme replacement using fragment C of tetanus toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89 (1992) 2297-2301
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.89 , pp. 2297-2301
    • Dobrenis, K.1    Joseph, A.2    Rattazzi, M.3
  • 20
    • 0022481875 scopus 로고
    • Transsynaptic retrograde transport of fragment C of tetanus toxin demonstrated by immunohistochemical localization
    • Evinger C., and Erichsen J.T. Transsynaptic retrograde transport of fragment C of tetanus toxin demonstrated by immunohistochemical localization. Brain Res. 380 (1986) 383-388
    • (1986) Brain Res. , vol.380 , pp. 383-388
    • Evinger, C.1    Erichsen, J.T.2
  • 21
    • 0023158851 scopus 로고
    • Retrograde transneuronal transfer of the C-fragment of tetanus toxin
    • Fishman P.S., and Carrigan D.R. Retrograde transneuronal transfer of the C-fragment of tetanus toxin. Brain Res. 406 (1987) 275-279
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.406 , pp. 275-279
    • Fishman, P.S.1    Carrigan, D.R.2
  • 22
    • 0023891061 scopus 로고
    • Motoneuron uptake from the circulation of the binding fragment of tetanus toxin
    • Fishman P.S., and Carrigan D.R. Motoneuron uptake from the circulation of the binding fragment of tetanus toxin. Arch. Neurol. 45 (1988) 558-561
    • (1988) Arch. Neurol. , vol.45 , pp. 558-561
    • Fishman, P.S.1    Carrigan, D.R.2
  • 23
    • 0024997961 scopus 로고
    • Separation and characterization of modified variants of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 derived from a fusion protein secreted from Escherichia coli
    • Forsberg G., Palm G., Ekebacke A., Josephson S., and Hartmanis M. Separation and characterization of modified variants of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 derived from a fusion protein secreted from Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 271 (1990) 357-363
    • (1990) Biochem. J. , vol.271 , pp. 357-363
    • Forsberg, G.1    Palm, G.2    Ekebacke, A.3    Josephson, S.4    Hartmanis, M.5
  • 24
    • 0034073932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of diphtheria toxin potency by replacement of the receptor binding domain with tetanus toxin C-fragment: a potential vector for delivering heterologous proteins to neurons
    • Francis J., Brown Jr. R.H., Figueiredo D., Remington M., Castillo O., Schwarzschild M., Fishman P., Murphy J., and vanderSpek J. Enhancement of diphtheria toxin potency by replacement of the receptor binding domain with tetanus toxin C-fragment: a potential vector for delivering heterologous proteins to neurons. J. Neurochem. 74 (2000) 2528-2536
    • (2000) J. Neurochem. , vol.74 , pp. 2528-2536
    • Francis, J.1    Brown Jr., R.H.2    Figueiredo, D.3    Remington, M.4    Castillo, O.5    Schwarzschild, M.6    Fishman, P.7    Murphy, J.8    vanderSpek, J.9
  • 28
    • 0027265079 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the receptor-binding domain of tetanus toxin
    • Halpern J.A., and Loftus A. Characterization of the receptor-binding domain of tetanus toxin. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 11188-11192
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 11188-11192
    • Halpern, J.A.1    Loftus, A.2
  • 29
    • 0025233759 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of functional fragment C of tetanus toxin
    • Halpern J.L., Habig W.H., Neale E.A., and Stibitz S. Cloning and expression of functional fragment C of tetanus toxin. Infect. Immun. 58 (1990) 1004-1009
    • (1990) Infect. Immun. , vol.58 , pp. 1004-1009
    • Halpern, J.L.1    Habig, W.H.2    Neale, E.A.3    Stibitz, S.4
  • 30
    • 0029115155 scopus 로고
    • Neurospecific binding, internalization, and retrograde transport
    • Halpern J.L., and Neale E.A. Neurospecific binding, internalization, and retrograde transport. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. 195 (1995) 221-241
    • (1995) Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.195 , pp. 221-241
    • Halpern, J.L.1    Neale, E.A.2
  • 34
    • 0034006039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetanus toxin fragment C binds to a protein present in neuronal cell lines and motorneurons
    • Herreros J., Lalli G., Montecucco C., and Schiavo G. Tetanus toxin fragment C binds to a protein present in neuronal cell lines and motorneurons. J. Neurochem. 74 (2000) 1941-1950
    • (2000) J. Neurochem. , vol.74 , pp. 1941-1950
    • Herreros, J.1    Lalli, G.2    Montecucco, C.3    Schiavo, G.4
  • 35
    • 0034177056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-terminal half of tetanus toxin fragment C is sufficient for neuronal binding and interaction with a putative protein receptor
    • Herreros J., Lalli G., and Schiavo G. C-terminal half of tetanus toxin fragment C is sufficient for neuronal binding and interaction with a putative protein receptor. Biochem. J. 347 (2000) 199-204
    • (2000) Biochem. J. , vol.347 , pp. 199-204
    • Herreros, J.1    Lalli, G.2    Schiavo, G.3
  • 36
    • 0032692154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention by insulin-like growth factor-1 and riluzol in motor neuron death after neonatal axotomy
    • Iwasaki Y., and Ikeda K. Prevention by insulin-like growth factor-1 and riluzol in motor neuron death after neonatal axotomy. J. Neurol. Sci. 169 (1999) 148-155
    • (1999) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.169 , pp. 148-155
    • Iwasaki, Y.1    Ikeda, K.2
  • 37
    • 68049090953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcutaneous delivery of tetanus toxin Hc fragment induces superior tetanus toxin neutralizing antibody response compared to tetanus toxoid
    • Johnston L., Wawas F., Tierney R., Qazi O., Fairweather N., and Sesardic D. Transcutaneous delivery of tetanus toxin Hc fragment induces superior tetanus toxin neutralizing antibody response compared to tetanus toxoid. Hum. Vaccin. 5 (2009) 1-7
    • (2009) Hum. Vaccin. , vol.5 , pp. 1-7
    • Johnston, L.1    Wawas, F.2    Tierney, R.3    Qazi, O.4    Fairweather, N.5    Sesardic, D.6
  • 38
    • 0042528664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in mouse ALS model
    • Kaspar B.K., Llado J., Sherkat N., Rothstein J.D., and Gage F.H. Retrograde viral delivery of IGF-1 prolongs survival in mouse ALS model. Science 301 (2003) 839-842
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 839-842
    • Kaspar, B.K.1    Llado, J.2    Sherkat, N.3    Rothstein, J.D.4    Gage, F.H.5
  • 39
    • 6844266272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 on progression of ALS: a placebo-controlled study
    • Lai E., Felice K., Festoff B., et al. Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 on progression of ALS: a placebo-controlled study. Neurology 49 (1997) 1621-1630
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1621-1630
    • Lai, E.1    Felice, K.2    Festoff, B.3
  • 42
    • 0024787893 scopus 로고
    • Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in E. coli: high level expression by removing rare codons
    • Makoff A.J., Oxer M.D., Romanos M.A., Fairweather N.F., and Ballantine S. Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in E. coli: high level expression by removing rare codons. Nucleic. Acids. Res. 17 (1989) 10191-10202
    • (1989) Nucleic. Acids. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 10191-10202
    • Makoff, A.J.1    Oxer, M.D.2    Romanos, M.A.3    Fairweather, N.F.4    Ballantine, S.5
  • 43
    • 34548294685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lack of effect of specific overexpression of IGF-1 in the central nervous system or skeletal muscle on pathophysiology in the G93A SOD-1 mouse model of ALS
    • Messi M., Clark H., Prevette D., Oppenheim R., and Delbono O. The lack of effect of specific overexpression of IGF-1 in the central nervous system or skeletal muscle on pathophysiology in the G93A SOD-1 mouse model of ALS. Exp. Neurol. 207 (2007) 52-63
    • (2007) Exp. Neurol. , vol.207 , pp. 52-63
    • Messi, M.1    Clark, H.2    Prevette, D.3    Oppenheim, R.4    Delbono, O.5
  • 44
    • 22844452812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic benefit of intrathecal injection of insulin-like growth factor-1 in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Nagano I., Ilieva H., Shiote M., Murakami T., Yokoyama M., Shoji M., and Abe K. Therapeutic benefit of intrathecal injection of insulin-like growth factor-1 in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 235 (2005) 61-68
    • (2005) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.235 , pp. 61-68
    • Nagano, I.1    Ilieva, H.2    Shiote, M.3    Murakami, T.4    Yokoyama, M.5    Shoji, M.6    Abe, K.7
  • 45
    • 33646547197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In normal rat, intraventricularly administered insulin-like growth factor-1 is rapidly cleared from CSF with limited distribution into brain
    • Nagaraja T., Patel P., Gorski M., Gorevic P., Patlak C., and Fenstermacher J. In normal rat, intraventricularly administered insulin-like growth factor-1 is rapidly cleared from CSF with limited distribution into brain. Cerebrospinal. Fluid Res. 2 (2005) 1-15
    • (2005) Cerebrospinal. Fluid Res. , vol.2 , pp. 1-15
    • Nagaraja, T.1    Patel, P.2    Gorski, M.3    Gorevic, P.4    Patlak, C.5    Fenstermacher, J.6
  • 47
    • 33644861386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor neurone targeting of IGF-1 prevents specific force decline in ageing mouse muscle
    • Payne A.M., Zheng Z., Messi M.L., Milligan C.E., Gonzalez E., and Delbono O. Motor neurone targeting of IGF-1 prevents specific force decline in ageing mouse muscle. J. Physiol. 570 (2006) 283-294
    • (2006) J. Physiol. , vol.570 , pp. 283-294
    • Payne, A.M.1    Zheng, Z.2    Messi, M.L.3    Milligan, C.E.4    Gonzalez, E.5    Delbono, O.6
  • 48
    • 0021864432 scopus 로고
    • Expression of a biologically active analog of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor-1
    • Peters M., Lau E., Snitman D., Van Wyk J., Underwood L., Riussell W., and Svoboda M. Expression of a biologically active analog of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor-1. Gene 35 (1985) 83-89
    • (1985) Gene , vol.35 , pp. 83-89
    • Peters, M.1    Lau, E.2    Snitman, D.3    Van Wyk, J.4    Underwood, L.5    Riussell, W.6    Svoboda, M.7
  • 50
    • 33746639618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of the ganglioside binding activity of the tetanus toxin Hc fragment destroys immunogenicity: implications for development of novel tetanus vaccines
    • Qazi O., Sesardic D., Tierney R., Soderback Z., Crane D., Bolgiano B., and Fairweather N. Reduction of the ganglioside binding activity of the tetanus toxin Hc fragment destroys immunogenicity: implications for development of novel tetanus vaccines. Infect. Immun. 74 (2006) 4884-4891
    • (2006) Infect. Immun. , vol.74 , pp. 4884-4891
    • Qazi, O.1    Sesardic, D.2    Tierney, R.3    Soderback, Z.4    Crane, D.5    Bolgiano, B.6    Fairweather, N.7
  • 51
    • 0018184054 scopus 로고
    • The amino acid sequence of human insulin-like growth factor 1 and its structural homology with proinsulin
    • Rinderknecht E., and Humbel R. The amino acid sequence of human insulin-like growth factor 1 and its structural homology with proinsulin. J. Biol. Chem. 253 (1978) 2769-2776
    • (1978) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.253 , pp. 2769-2776
    • Rinderknecht, E.1    Humbel, R.2
  • 52
    • 0019450641 scopus 로고
    • High affinity binding of tetanus toxin to mammalian cell membranes
    • Rogers T.B., and Snyder S.H. High affinity binding of tetanus toxin to mammalian cell membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 256 (1981) 2402-2407
    • (1981) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.256 , pp. 2402-2407
    • Rogers, T.B.1    Snyder, S.H.2
  • 53
    • 34547960588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor internalization and recycling mediate the sustained phosphorylation of Akt
    • Romanelli R., LeBeau A., Fulmer C., Lazzarino D., Hochber A., and Wood T. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor internalization and recycling mediate the sustained phosphorylation of Akt. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 22513-22524
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 22513-22524
    • Romanelli, R.1    LeBeau, A.2    Fulmer, C.3    Lazzarino, D.4    Hochber, A.5    Wood, T.6
  • 54
    • 0346206633 scopus 로고
    • A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilage in vitro
    • Salmon Jr. W., and Daughaday W. A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilage in vitro. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 49 (1957) 825-836
    • (1957) J. Lab. Clin. Med. , vol.49 , pp. 825-836
    • Salmon Jr., W.1    Daughaday, W.2
  • 55
    • 14744275132 scopus 로고
    • Facilitated in vitro refolding of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor 1 using a solubilizing fusion partner
    • Samuelsson E., Wadensten H., Hartmanis M., Moks T., and Uhlen M. Facilitated in vitro refolding of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor 1 using a solubilizing fusion partner. BioTechnology 9 (1991) 363-366
    • (1991) BioTechnology , vol.9 , pp. 363-366
    • Samuelsson, E.1    Wadensten, H.2    Hartmanis, M.3    Moks, T.4    Uhlen, M.5
  • 56
    • 0018716059 scopus 로고
    • Selective retrograde transsynaptic transfer of a protein, tetanus toxin, subsequent to its retrograde axonal transport
    • Schwab M.E., Suda K., and Thoenen H. Selective retrograde transsynaptic transfer of a protein, tetanus toxin, subsequent to its retrograde axonal transport. J. Cell Biol. 82 (1979) 798-810
    • (1979) J. Cell Biol. , vol.82 , pp. 798-810
    • Schwab, M.E.1    Suda, K.2    Thoenen, H.3
  • 57
    • 29744464639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of neurotrophins and melanocortins in spinal cord injury: an experimental study in the rat using pharmacological and morphological approaches
    • Sharma H. Neuroprotective effects of neurotrophins and melanocortins in spinal cord injury: an experimental study in the rat using pharmacological and morphological approaches. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1053 (2005) 407-421
    • (2005) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1053 , pp. 407-421
    • Sharma, H.1
  • 60
    • 0015762456 scopus 로고
    • A human cell line from a pleural effusion derived from a breast carcinoma
    • Soule H.D., Vazguez J., Long A., Albert S., and Brennan M. A human cell line from a pleural effusion derived from a breast carcinoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51 (1973) 1409-1416
    • (1973) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.51 , pp. 1409-1416
    • Soule, H.D.1    Vazguez, J.2    Long, A.3    Albert, S.4    Brennan, M.5
  • 61
    • 0025635904 scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin-like growth factors and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor in the estrogen-stimulated proliferation of human breast cancer cells
    • Stewart A.J., Johnson M.D., May F.E.B., and Westley B.R. Role of insulin-like growth factors and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor in the estrogen-stimulated proliferation of human breast cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 21172-21178
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 21172-21178
    • Stewart, A.J.1    Johnson, M.D.2    May, F.E.B.3    Westley, B.R.4
  • 62
    • 0036829006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophins: from enthusiastic expectations through sobering experiences to rational therapeutic approaches
    • Thoenen H., and Sendtner M. Neurotrophins: from enthusiastic expectations through sobering experiences to rational therapeutic approaches. Nat. Neurosci. 5 (2002) 1046-1050
    • (2002) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Thoenen, H.1    Sendtner, M.2
  • 63
    • 0016322295 scopus 로고
    • Gangliosides as membrane receptors for tetanus toxin, cholera toxin, and serotonin
    • van Heyningen W.E. Gangliosides as membrane receptors for tetanus toxin, cholera toxin, and serotonin. Nature 249 (1974) 415-417
    • (1974) Nature , vol.249 , pp. 415-417
    • van Heyningen, W.E.1
  • 64
    • 0023028984 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative comparison between tetanus toxin, some fragments, and toxoid for binding and axonal transport in the rat
    • Weller U., Taylor C.F., and Habermann E. Quantitative comparison between tetanus toxin, some fragments, and toxoid for binding and axonal transport in the rat. Toxicon 24 (1986) 1055-1063
    • (1986) Toxicon , vol.24 , pp. 1055-1063
    • Weller, U.1    Taylor, C.F.2    Habermann, E.3
  • 65
    • 0742324463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic lumbar catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space in mice
    • Wu W., Xu X., and Hao J. Chronic lumbar catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space in mice. J. Neurosci. Methods 133 (2004) 65-69
    • (2004) J. Neurosci. Methods , vol.133 , pp. 65-69
    • Wu, W.1    Xu, X.2    Hao, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.