Mucosal immunosenescence: new developments and vaccines to control infectious diseases

Trends in Immunology

Volumn 30, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 334-343

  Fujihashi, Kohtaro ^a   Kiyono, Hiroshi ^a,b  

^a Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology   (United States)

^b THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; CHOLERA VACCINE; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDE; DIPHTHERIA VACCINE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 7; KERATINOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR; OVALBUMIN; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; TUMOR CELL VACCINE;

AGING; ANTIBODY RESPONSE; CELL FUNCTION; CHOLERA; DENDRITIC CELL; DIPHTHERIA; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION; HAEMOPHILUS INFECTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOSENESCENCE; INFECTION CONTROL; INTESTINE FLORA; LYMPHOID TISSUE; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; NASOPHARYNX; NONHUMAN; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM; REVIEW; SENESCENCE; T LYMPHOCYTE; THYMUS ATROPHY; VACCINATION;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ANIMALS; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL AGING; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMANS; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; IMMUNITY, MUCOSAL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; INTESTINAL MUCOSA; NASAL MUCOSA; VACCINES;

EID: 67649400909     PISSN: 14714906     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.04.004     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Fujihashi K., et al. Host defenses at mucosal surfaces. In: Rich R.T., et al. (Ed). Clinical Immunology. 3rd edn (2008), Mosby Elsevier 287-304
2. Kiyono H., et al. The Mucosal Immune System. In: Paul W.E. (Ed). Fundamental Immunology. 5th edn (2008), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 983-1030
3. Cerutti A. Location, location, location: B-cell differentiation in the gut lamina propria. Mucosal. Immunol. 1 (2008) 8-10
4. McGhee J.R., et al. Gut lymphocyte migration: we are halfway 'home'. Trends Immunol. 28 (2007) 150-153
5. Uematsu S., et al. Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5. Nat. Immunol. 9 (2008) 769-776
6. Macpherson A.J., et al. The immune geography of IgA induction and function. Mucosal. Immunol. 1 (2008) 11-22
7. Tsuji M., et al. Dynamic interactions between bacteria and immune cells leading to intestinal IgA synthesis. Semin. Immunol. 20 (2008) 59-66
8. Woodmansey E.J. Intestinal bacteria and ageing. J. Appl. Microbiol. 102 (2007) 1178-1186
9. Peterson D.A., et al. IgA response to symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe 2 (2007) 328-339
10. Cebra J.J., et al. The role of mucosal microbiota in the development, maintenance, and pathologies of the mucosal immune system. In: Mestecky J., et al. (Ed). Mucosal Immunology. 3rd edn (2004), Elsevier Inc 335-368
11. Suzuki K., and Fagarasan S. How host-bacterial interactions lead to IgA synthesis in the gut. Trends Immunol. 29 (2008) 523-531
12. Moreau M.C., et al. Increase in the population of duodenal immunoglobulin A plasmocytes in axenic mice associated with different living or dead bacterial strains of intestinal origin. Infect. Immun. 21 (1978) 532-539
13. Macpherson A.J., and Harris N.L. Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4 (2004) 478-485
14. Klaasen H.L., et al. Mono-association of mice with non-cultivable, intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 156 (1991) 148-151
15. Shroff K.E., et al. Commensal enteric bacteria engender a self-limiting humoral mucosal immune response while permanently colonizing the gut. Infect. Immun. 63 (1995) 3904-3913
16. He B., et al. Intestinal bacteria trigger T cell-independent immunoglobulin A(2) class switching by inducing epithelial-cell secretion of the cytokine APRIL. Immunity 26 (2007) 812-826
17. Suzuki K., et al. Aberrant expansion of segmented filamentous bacteria in IgA-deficient gut. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (2004) 1981-1986
18. Arranz E., et al. Immunosenescence and mucosal immunity: significant effects of old age on secretory IgA concentrations and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts. Gut 33 (1992) 882-886
19. Koga T., et al. Evidence for early aging in the mucosal immune system. J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 5352-5359
20. Ammann A.J., et al. The antibody responses to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in aged individuals. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 164 (1980) 312-316
21. Beharka A.A., et al. Effect of age on the gastrointestinal-associated mucosal immune response of humans. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 56 (2001) B218-B223
22. Buckley III C.E., et al. Longitudinal changes in serum immunoglobulin levels in older humans. Fed. Proc. 33 (1974) 2036-2039
23. Ebersole J.L., et al. Secretory immune responses in ageing rats. I. Immunoglobulin levels. Immunology 56 (1985) 345-350
24. Finkelstein M.S., et al. Salivary and serum IgA levels in a geriatric outpatient population. J. Clin. Immunol. 4 (1984) 85-91
25. Powers D.C. Immunological principles and emerging strategies of vaccination for the elderly. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 40 (1992) 81-94
26. Schmucker D.L., et al. Impact of aging on gastrointestinal mucosal immunity. Dig. Dis. Sci. 41 (1996) 1183-1193
27. Schmucker D.L., et al. Mucosal immune response to cholera toxin in ageing rats. I. Antibody and antibody-containing cell response. Immunology 64 (1988) 691-695
28. Thoreux K., et al. Intestinal lymphocyte number, migration and antibody secretion in young and old rats. Immunology 101 (2000) 161-167
29. Taylor L.D., et al. Ageing compromises gastrointestinal mucosal immune response in the rhesus monkey. Immunology 75 (1992) 614-618
30. Enioutina E.Y., et al. Enhancement of common mucosal immunity in aged mice following their supplementation with various antioxidants. Vaccine 18 (2000) 2381-2393
31. Hobbs M.V., et al. Patterns of cytokine gene expression by CD4+ T cells from young and old mice. J. Immunol. 150 (1993) 3602-3614
32. Paganelli R., et al. Humoral immunity in aging. Aging (Milano) 6 (1994) 143-150
33. Swain S.L., and Bradley L.M. Helper T cell memory: more questions than answers. Semin. Immunol. 4 (1992) 59-68
34. Fujihashi K., and McGhee J.R. Th1/Th2/Th3 cells for regulation of mucosal immunity, tolerance and inflammation. In: Mestecky J., et al. (Ed). Mucosal Immunology. 3rd edn (2004), Elsevier Inc. 539-558
35. Mowat A.M., et al. Oral tolerance: physiologic basis and clinical applications. In: Mestecky J., et al. (Ed). Mucosal Immunology. 3rd edn (2004), Elsevier Inc. 487-537
36. Moreau M.C., and Gaboriau-Routhiau V. The absence of gut flora, the doses of antigen ingested and aging affect the long-term peripheral tolerance induced by ovalbumin feeding in mice. Res. Immunol. 147 (1996) 49-59
37. Sudo N., et al. The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction. J. Immunol. 159 (1997) 1739-1745
38. Wannemuehler M.J., et al. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regulation of the immune response: LPS converts germfree mice to sensitivity to oral tolerance induction. J. Immunol. 129 (1982) 959-965
39. Faria A.M., et al. Decrease in susceptibility to oral tolerance induction and occurrence of oral immunization to ovalbumin in 20-38-week-old mice. The effect of interval between oral exposures and rate of antigen intake in the oral immunization. Immunology 78 (1993) 147-151
40. Wakabayashi A., et al. Differential age effect of oral administration of an antigen on antibody response: an induction of tolerance in young mice but enhancement of immune response in old mice. Mech. Ageing Dev. 109 (1999) 191-201
41. Kato H., et al. Lack of oral tolerance in aging is due to sequential loss of Peyer's patch cell interactions. Int. Immunol. 15 (2003) 145-158
42. de Faria A.M., et al. Aging affects oral tolerance induction but not its maintenance in mice. Mech. Ageing Dev. 102 (1998) 67-80
43. Kawanishi H., and Kiely J. Immune-related alterations in aged gut-associated lymphoid tissues in mice. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34 (1989) 175-184
44. Fujihashi K., et al. Peyer's patches are required for oral tolerance to proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 3310-3315
45. Yamamoto M., et al. Alternate mucosal immune system: organized Peyer's patches are not required for IgA responses in the gastrointestinal tract. J. Immunol. 164 (2000) 5184-5191
46. Kawanishi H., and Ajitsu S. Correction of antigen-specific T cell defects in aged murine gut-associated lymphoid tissues an immune intervention by combined adoptive transfer of an antigen-specific immunoregulatory CD4 T cell subset and interleukin 2 administration. Eur. J. Immunol. 21 (1991) 2907-2914
47. Mbawuike I.N., et al. Diminished influenza A virus-specific MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity among elderly persons. Viral Immunol. 6 (1993) 55-64
48. Haynes L., et al. Interleukin 2, but not other common gamma chain-binding cytokines, can reverse the defect in generation of CD4 effector T cells from naive T cells of aged mice. J. Exp. Med. 190 (1999) 1013-1024
49. - T cells with aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 94 (1997) 123-134
50. Linton P.J., et al. Antigen-independent changes in naive CD4 T cells with aging. J. Exp. Med. 184 (1996) 1891-1900
51. high T cell population. Eur. J. Immunol. 23 (1993) 1057-1063
52. + T cells in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue. J. Immunol. 170 (2003) 1754-1762
53. Plackett T.P., et al. Aging and innate immune cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76 (2004) 291-299
54. Sasaki M., and Fujihashi K. Flt3 ligand and CpG ODN abrogate impaired antigen presenting cell function by aged dendritic cells. Int. J. Oral. Med. Sci. 5 (2006) 24-30
55. Moretto M.M., et al. Aging mice exhibit a functional defect in mucosal dendritic cell response against an intracellular pathogen. J. Immunol. 181 (2008) 7977-7984
56. Stout-Delgado H.W., et al. Aging impairs IFN regulatory factor 7 up-regulation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells during TLR9 activation. J. Immunol. 181 (2008) 6747-6756
57. Lung T.L., et al. Unimpaired dendritic cells can be derived from monocytes in old age and can mobilize residual function in senescent T cells. Vaccine 18 (2000) 1606-1612
58. Shurin G.V., et al. Regulation of dendritic cell expansion in aged athymic nude mice by FLT3 ligand. Exp. Gerontol. 39 (2004) 339-348
59. Saurwein-Teissl M., et al. Dendritic cells in old age-neglected by gerontology?. Mech. Ageing Dev. 121 (2000) 123-130
60. Steger M.M., et al. Morphologically and functionally intact dendritic cells can be derived from the peripheral blood of aged individuals. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 105 (1996) 544-550
61. + cells. Immunity 17 (2002) 31-40
62. Rennert P.D., et al. Selective disruption of lymphotoxin ligands reveals a novel set of mucosal lymph nodes and unique effects on lymph node cellular organization. Int. Immunol. 9 (1997) 1627-1639
63. van Ginkel F.W., et al. The mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin redirects vaccine proteins into olfactory tissues. J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 4778-4782
64. + T cells from young and aged mice. J. Immunol. 145 (1990) 1295-1302
65. Kurashima C., et al. The role of thymus in the aging of Th cell subpopulations and age-associated alteration of cytokine production by these cells. Int. Immunol. 7 (1995) 97-104
66. + T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 21 (1991) 273-281
67. Fukuiwa T., et al. A combination of Flt3 ligand cDNA and CpG ODN as nasal adjuvant elicits NALT dendritic cells for prolonged mucosal immunity. Vaccine 26 (2008) 4849-4859
68. Bernstein J.M. Waldeyer's ring and otitis media: the nasopharyngeal tonsil and otitis media. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 49 Suppl1 (1999) S127-S132
69. Mufson M.A. Pneumococcal pneumonia. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 1 (1999) 57-64
70. Webster R.G. Immunity to influenza in the elderly. Vaccine 18 (2000) 1686-1689
71. Thompson W.W., et al. Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA 292 (2004) 1333-1340
72. Thompson W.W., et al. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA 289 (2003) 179-186
73. Murray C.J., and Lopez A.D. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349 (1997) 1269-1276
74. Harriman G.R., et al. Targeted deletion of the IgA constant region in mice leads to IgA deficiency with alterations in expression of other Ig isotypes. J. Immunol. 162 (1999) 2521-2529
75. Asahi-Ozaki Y., et al. Secretory IgA antibodies provide cross-protection against infection with different strains of influenza B virus. J. Med. Virol. 74 (2004) 328-335
76. Tamura S., et al. Cross-protection against influenza A virus infection by passively transferred respiratory tract IgA antibodies to different hemagglutinin molecules. Eur. J. Immunol. 21 (1991) 1337-1344
77. Wu Y., et al. M cell-targeted DNA vaccination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 9318-9323
78. Nochi T., et al. A novel M cell-specific carbohydrate-targeted mucosal vaccine effectively induces antigen-specific immune responses. J. Exp. Med. 204 (2007) 2789-2796
79. Moldoveanu Z., et al. CpG DNA, a novel immune enhancer for systemic and mucosal immunization with influenza virus. Vaccine 16 (1998) 1216-1224
80. Boyaka P.N., et al. Effective mucosal immunity to anthrax: neutralizing antibodies and Th cell responses following nasal immunization with protective antigen. J. Immunol. 170 (2003) 5636-5643
81. Maletto B., et al. CpG-DNA stimulates cellular and humoral immunity and promotes Th1 differentiation in aged BALB/c mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72 (2002) 447-454
82. Maletto B.A., et al. CpG oligodeoxinucleotides functions as an effective adjuvant in aged BALB/c mice. Clin. Immunol. 117 (2005) 251-261
83. Manning B.M., et al. CpG DNA functions as an effective adjuvant for the induction of immune responses in aged mice. Exp. Gerontol. 37 (2001) 107-126
84. Qin W., et al. CpG ODN enhances immunization effects of hepatitis B vaccine in aged mice. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 1 (2004) 148-152
85. +-T-cell priming to young adult levels. Infect. Immun. 74 (2006) 2177-2186
86. Sharma S., et al. CpG-ODN but not other TLR-ligands restore the antitumor responses in old mice: the implications for vaccinations in the aged. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 57 (2008) 549-561
87. Subramanian S., and Divya Shree A.N. Enhanced Th2 immunity after DNA prime-protein boost immunization with amyloid beta (1-42) plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in aged rats. Neurosci. Lett. 436 (2008) 219-222
88. Alignani D., et al. Orally administered OVA/CpG-ODN induces specific mucosal and systemic immune response in young and aged mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77 (2005) 898-905
89. Fayad R., et al. Oral administration with papillomavirus pseudovirus encoding IL-2 fully restores mucosal and systemic immune responses to vaccinations in aged mice. J. Immunol. 173 (2004) 2692-2698
90. Aspinall R., et al. Interleukin-7: an interleukin for rejuvenating the immune system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1019 (2004) 116-122
91. Min D., et al. Sustained thymopoiesis and improvement in functional immunity induced by exogenous KGF administration in murine models of aging. Blood 109 (2007) 2529-2537