메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 105-116

Isoform-specific ras functions in development and cancer

Author keywords

Cancer; Development; GTPases; Ras; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; K RAS PROTEIN; RAS PROTEIN; ISOPROTEIN;

EID: 65349150639     PISSN: 14796694     EISSN: 17448301     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/14796694.5.1.105     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (89)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 16844376315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic Ras in tumour progression and metastasis
    • Giehl K: Oncogenic Ras in tumour progression and metastasis. Biol. Chem. 386, 193-205 (2005).
    • (2005) Biol. Chem , vol.386 , pp. 193-205
    • Giehl, K.1
  • 2
    • 0037805547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAS oncogenes: The first 30 years
    • Malumbres M, Barbacid M: RAS oncogenes: the first 30 years. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3, 459-465 (2003).
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 459-465
    • Malumbres, M.1    Barbacid, M.2
  • 4
    • 0035908493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking oncogenic Ras signaling for cancer therapy
    • Adjei AA: Blocking oncogenic Ras signaling for cancer therapy. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 93, 1062-1074 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Natl Cancer Inst , vol.93 , pp. 1062-1074
    • Adjei, A.A.1
  • 5
    • 0037264633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting RAS signalling pathways in cancer therapy
    • Downward J: Targeting RAS signalling pathways in cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 3, 11-22 (2003).
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 11-22
    • Downward, J.1
  • 7
    • 0242551350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small GTPases and the evolution of the eukaryotic cell
    • Jekely G: Small GTPases and the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Bioessays 25, 1129-1138 (2003).
    • (2003) Bioessays , vol.25 , pp. 1129-1138
    • Jekely, G.1
  • 8
    • 33645769516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative and evolutionary analysis of genes encoding small GTPases and their activating-proteins in eukaryotic genomes
    • Jiang SY, Ramachandran S: Comparative and evolutionary analysis of genes encoding small GTPases and their activating-proteins in eukaryotic genomes. Physiol. Genomics 24, 235-251 (2006).
    • (2006) Physiol. Genomics , vol.24 , pp. 235-251
    • Jiang, S.Y.1    Ramachandran, S.2
  • 9
    • 16644370412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human RAS superfamily proteins and related GTPases
    • Colicelli J: Human RAS superfamily proteins and related GTPases. Sci. STKE 250, RE13 (2004).
    • (2004) Sci. STKE , vol.250
    • Colicelli, J.1
  • 10
    • 0033793874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras proteins in the control of the cell cycle and cell differentiation
    • Crespo P, Leon J: Ras proteins in the control of the cell cycle and cell differentiation. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 57, 1613-1636 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell. Mol. Life Sci , vol.57 , pp. 1613-1636
    • Crespo, P.1    Leon, J.2
  • 11
    • 28844509531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K-ras as a target for cancer therapy
    • Friday BB, Adjei AA: K-ras as a target for cancer therapy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1756, 127-144 (2005).
    • (2005) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1756 , pp. 127-144
    • Friday, B.B.1    Adjei, A.A.2
  • 12
    • 0037308836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras-effector interactions: After one decade
    • Herrmann C: Ras-effector interactions: after one decade. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 13, 122-129 (2003).
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol , vol.13 , pp. 122-129
    • Herrmann, C.1
  • 13
    • 33744545186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and pharmacologic dissection of ras effector utilization in oncogenesis
    • Campbell PM, Singh A, Williams FJ et al.: Genetic and pharmacologic dissection of ras effector utilization in oncogenesis. Meth. Enzymol. 407, 195-217 (2005).
    • (2005) Meth. Enzymol , vol.407 , pp. 195-217
    • Campbell, P.M.1    Singh, A.2    Williams, F.J.3
  • 15
    • 0343492260 scopus 로고
    • Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus
    • Rapp UR, Goldsborough MD, Mark GE et al.: Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 4218-4222 (1983).
    • (1983) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.80 , pp. 4218-4222
    • Rapp, U.R.1    Goldsborough, M.D.2    Mark, G.E.3
  • 16
    • 34547209343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of the Raf/ MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance
    • McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH et al.: Roles of the Raf/ MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1773, 1263-1284 (2007).
    • (2007) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1773 , pp. 1263-1284
    • McCubrey, J.A.1    Steelman, L.S.2    Chappell, W.H.3
  • 17
    • 0033835421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of being K-Ras
    • Ellis CA, Clark G: The importance of being K-Ras. Cell. Signal. 12, 425-434 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell. Signal , vol.12 , pp. 425-434
    • Ellis, C.A.1    Clark, G.2
  • 18
    • 44649199260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the nucleotide and isoform dependent structural and dynamical features of Ras proteins
    • Gorfe AA., Grant BJ, McCammon JA: Mapping the nucleotide and isoform dependent structural and dynamical features of Ras proteins. Structure 16, 885-896 (2008).
    • (2008) Structure , vol.16 , pp. 885-896
    • Gorfe, A.A.1    Grant, B.J.2    McCammon, J.A.3
  • 19
    • 0037542854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras proteins: Different signals from different locations
    • Hancock JF: Ras proteins: different signals from different locations. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 373-384 (2003).
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol , vol.4 , pp. 373-384
    • Hancock, J.F.1
  • 20
    • 40949127740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitoylation and localisation of RAS isoforms are modulated by the hypervariable linker domain
    • Laude AJ, Prior IA: Palmitoylation and localisation of RAS isoforms are modulated by the hypervariable linker domain. J. Cell Sci. 121, 421-427 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Cell Sci , vol.121 , pp. 421-427
    • Laude, A.J.1    Prior, I.A.2
  • 21
    • 29144528806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras signaling from plasma membrane and endomembrane microdomains
    • Plowman SJ, Hancock JF: Ras signaling from plasma membrane and endomembrane microdomains. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1746, 274-283 (2005).
    • (2005) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1746 , pp. 274-283
    • Plowman, S.J.1    Hancock, J.F.2
  • 22
    • 22144479017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras plasma membrane signalling platforms
    • Hancock JF, Parton RG: Ras plasma membrane signalling platforms. Biochem. J. 389, 1-11 (2005).
    • (2005) Biochem. J , vol.389 , pp. 1-11
    • Hancock, J.F.1    Parton, R.G.2
  • 23
    • 1442274700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid rafts and plasma membrane microorganization: Insights from Ras
    • Parton RG, Hancock JF: Lipid rafts and plasma membrane microorganization: insights from Ras. Trends Cell Biol. 14, 141-147 (2004).
    • (2004) Trends Cell Biol , vol.14 , pp. 141-147
    • Parton, R.G.1    Hancock, J.F.2
  • 24
    • 33644864788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartmentalized Ras/MAPK signaling
    • Mor A, Philips MR: Compartmentalized Ras/MAPK signaling. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24, 771-800 (2006).
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 771-800
    • Mor, A.1    Philips, M.R.2
  • 25
    • 33646777423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thematic review series: Lipid posttranslational modifications. CAAX modification and membrane targeting of Ras
    • Wright LP, Philips MR: Thematic review series: lipid posttranslational modifications. CAAX modification and membrane targeting of Ras. J. Lipid Res. 47, 883-891 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Lipid Res , vol.47 , pp. 883-891
    • Wright, L.P.1    Philips, M.R.2
  • 27
    • 23844500699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartmentalized signalling of Ras
    • Philips MR: Compartmentalized signalling of Ras. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33, 657-661 (2005).
    • (2005) Biochem. Soc. Trans , vol.33 , pp. 657-661
    • Philips, M.R.1
  • 28
    • 33845429061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping cellular routes of Ras: A ubiquitin trail
    • Jura N, Bar-Sagi D: Mapping cellular routes of Ras: a ubiquitin trail. Cell Cycle 5, 2744-2747 (2006).
    • (2006) Cell Cycle , vol.5 , pp. 2744-2747
    • Jura, N.1    Bar-Sagi, D.2
  • 29
    • 30444451291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarray analysis of the differential transformation mediated by Kirsten and Harvey Ras oncogenes in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line
    • Roberts ML, Drosopoulos KG, Vasileiou I et al.: Microarray analysis of the differential transformation mediated by Kirsten and Harvey Ras oncogenes in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Int. J. Cancer 118, 616-627 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Cancer , vol.118 , pp. 616-627
    • Roberts, M.L.1    Drosopoulos, K.G.2    Vasileiou, I.3
  • 30
    • 0033981639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide survey of RAS transformation targets
    • Zuber J, Tchernitsa OI, Hinzmann B et al.: A genome-wide survey of RAS transformation targets. Nat. Genet. 24, 144-152 (2000).
    • (2000) Nat. Genet , vol.24 , pp. 144-152
    • Zuber, J.1    Tchernitsa, O.I.2    Hinzmann, B.3
  • 31
    • 16344396081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprenylation CAAX processing is required for proper localization of Ras but not Rho GTPases
    • Michaelson D, Ali W, Chiu VK et al.: Postprenylation CAAX processing is required for proper localization of Ras but not Rho GTPases. Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 1606-1616 (2005).
    • (2005) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.16 , pp. 1606-1616
    • Michaelson, D.1    Ali, W.2    Chiu, V.K.3
  • 32
    • 0034062812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H-ras but not K-ras traffics to the plasma membrane through the exocytic pathway
    • Apolloni A, Prior IA, Lindsay M, Parton RG, Hancock JF: H-ras but not K-ras traffics to the plasma membrane through the exocytic pathway. Mol. Cell Biol. 20, 2475-2487 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Biol , vol.20 , pp. 2475-2487
    • Apolloni, A.1    Prior, I.A.2    Lindsay, M.3    Parton, R.G.4    Hancock, J.F.5
  • 33
    • 0033538559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endomembrane trafficking of ras: The CAAK motif targets proteins to the ER and Golgi
    • Choy E, Chiu VK, Sillerti J et al.: Endomembrane trafficking of ras: the CAAK motif targets proteins to the ER and Golgi. Cell 98, 69-80 (1999).
    • (1999) Cell , vol.98 , pp. 69-80
    • Choy, E.1    Chiu, V.K.2    Sillerti, J.3
  • 34
    • 0035236688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green fluorescent protein-tagged Ras proteins for intracellular localization
    • Choy E, Philips M: Green fluorescent protein-tagged Ras proteins for intracellular localization. Meth. Enzymol. 332, 50-64 (2001).
    • (2001) Meth. Enzymol , vol.332 , pp. 50-64
    • Choy, E.1    Philips, M.2
  • 35
    • 27144515650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H-Ras dynamically interacts with recycling endosomes in CHO-K1 cells: Involvement of Rab5 and Rab11 in the trafficking of H-Ras to this pericentriolar endocytic compartment
    • Gomez GA, Daniotti JL: H-Ras dynamically interacts with recycling endosomes in CHO-K1 cells: involvement of Rab5 and Rab11 in the trafficking of H-Ras to this pericentriolar endocytic compartment. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 34997-35010 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 34997-35010
    • Gomez, G.A.1    Daniotti, J.L.2
  • 37
    • 20144375061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An acylation cycle regulates localization and activity of palmitoylated Ras isoforms
    • Rocks O, Peyker A, Kabms M et al.: An acylation cycle regulates localization and activity of palmitoylated Ras isoforms. Science 307, 1746-1752 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1746-1752
    • Rocks, O.1    Peyker, A.2    Kabms, M.3
  • 38
    • 33644556129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras and its signals diffuse through the cell on randomly moving nanoparticles
    • Rotblat B, Yizhar O, Haklai R, Ashery U, Kloog Y: Ras and its signals diffuse through the cell on randomly moving nanoparticles. Cancer Res. 66, 1974-1981 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 1974-1981
    • Rotblat, B.1    Yizhar, O.2    Haklai, R.3    Ashery, U.4    Kloog, Y.5
  • 39
    • 0030727170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenylation-dependent association of Ki-Ras with microtubules. Evidence for a role in subcellular trafficking
    • Thissen JA, Gross JM, Subramanian K, Meyer T, Casey PJ: Prenylation-dependent association of Ki-Ras with microtubules. Evidence for a role in subcellular trafficking. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 30362-30370 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem , vol.272 , pp. 30362-30370
    • Thissen, J.A.1    Gross, J.M.2    Subramanian, K.3    Meyer, T.4    Casey, P.J.5
  • 40
    • 32444441115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PKC regulates a farnesyl-electrostatic switch on K-Ras that promotes its association with Bcl-XL on mitochondria and induces apoptosis
    • Bivona TG, Quatela SE, Bodemann BO et al.: PKC regulates a farnesyl-electrostatic switch on K-Ras that promotes its association with Bcl-XL on mitochondria and induces apoptosis. Mol. Cell 21, 481-493 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Cell , vol.21 , pp. 481-493
    • Bivona, T.G.1    Quatela, S.E.2    Bodemann, B.O.3
  • 42
    • 0035067187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GTP-dependent segregation of H-ras from lipid rafts is required for biological activity
    • Prior IA, Harding A, Yan J, Sluimer J, Parton RG, Hancock JF: GTP-dependent segregation of H-ras from lipid rafts is required for biological activity. Nat. Cell Biol. 3, 368-375 (2001).
    • (2001) Nat. Cell Biol , vol.3 , pp. 368-375
    • Prior, I.A.1    Harding, A.2    Yan, J.3    Sluimer, J.4    Parton, R.G.5    Hancock, J.F.6
  • 43
    • 17144467725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insider information: How palmitoylation of Ras makes it a signaling double agent
    • Berthiaume LG: Insider information: how palmitoylation of Ras makes it a signaling double agent. Sci. STKE 152, PE41 (2002).
    • (2002) Sci. STKE , vol.152
    • Berthiaume, L.G.1
  • 44
    • 33344475413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential modification of Ras proteins by ubiquitination
    • Jura N, Scotto-Lavino E, Sobczyk A, Bar-Sagi D: Differential modification of Ras proteins by ubiquitination. Mol. Cell 21, 679-687 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Cell , vol.21 , pp. 679-687
    • Jura, N.1    Scotto-Lavino, E.2    Sobczyk, A.3    Bar-Sagi, D.4
  • 45
    • 0026486878 scopus 로고
    • Sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade may be required for differentiation of PC12 cells. Comparison of the effects of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor
    • Traverse S, Gomez N, Paterson H, Marshall C, Cohen P: Sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade may be required for differentiation of PC12 cells. Comparison of the effects of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Biochem. J. 288(Pt 2), 351-355 (1992).
    • (1992) Biochem. J , vol.288 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 351-355
    • Traverse, S.1    Gomez, N.2    Paterson, H.3    Marshall, C.4    Cohen, P.5
  • 46
    • 0035136213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted genomic disruption of H-ras and N-ras, individually or in combination, reveals the dispensability of both loci for mouse growth and development
    • Esteban LM, Vicario-Abejon C, Fernandez-Salguero P et al.: Targeted genomic disruption of H-ras and N-ras, individually or in combination, reveals the dispensability of both loci for mouse growth and development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 1444-1452 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1444-1452
    • Esteban, L.M.1    Vicario-Abejon, C.2    Fernandez-Salguero, P.3
  • 47
    • 0345135149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K-ras is an essential gene in the mouse with partial functional overlap with N-ras
    • Johnson L, Greenbaum D, Cichowski K et al.: K-ras is an essential gene in the mouse with partial functional overlap with N-ras. Genes Dev. 11, 2468-2481 (1997).
    • (1997) Genes Dev , vol.11 , pp. 2468-2481
    • Johnson, L.1    Greenbaum, D.2    Cichowski, K.3
  • 48
    • 0030829782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K-ras is essential for the development of the mouse embryo
    • Koera K, Nakamura K, Nakao K et al.: K-ras is essential for the development of the mouse embryo. Oncogene 15, 1151-1159 (1997).
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.15 , pp. 1151-1159
    • Koera, K.1    Nakamura, K.2    Nakao, K.3
  • 50
    • 27144531386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline mutations in HRAS proto-oncogene cause Costello syndrome
    • Aoki Y, Niihori T, Kawame H et al.: Germline mutations in HRAS proto-oncogene cause Costello syndrome. Nat. Genet. 37, 1038-1040 (2005).
    • (2005) Nat. Genet , vol.37 , pp. 1038-1040
    • Aoki, Y.1    Niihori, T.2    Kawame, H.3
  • 51
    • 49149115868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RAS/MAPK syndromes: Novel roles of the RAS pathway in human genetic disorders
    • Aoki Y, Niihori T, Narumi Y, Kure S, Matsubara Y: The RAS/MAPK syndromes: novel roles of the RAS pathway in human genetic disorders. Hum. Mutat. 29(8), 992-1006 (2008).
    • (2008) Hum. Mutat , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 992-1006
    • Aoki, Y.1    Niihori, T.2    Narumi, Y.3    Kure, S.4    Matsubara, Y.5
  • 52
    • 33644829154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stops along the RAS pathway in human genetic disease
    • Bentires-Alj M, Kontaridis MI, Neel BG: Stops along the RAS pathway in human genetic disease. Nat. Med. 12, 283-285 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Med , vol.12 , pp. 283-285
    • Bentires-Alj, M.1    Kontaridis, M.I.2    Neel, B.G.3
  • 53
    • 33646417908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-phenotype correlation in Costello syndrome: HRAS mutation analysis in 43 cases
    • Kerr B, Delrue MA, Sigaudy S et al.: Genotype-phenotype correlation in Costello syndrome: HRAS mutation analysis in 43 cases. J. Med. Genet. 43, 401-405 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Med. Genet , vol.43 , pp. 401-405
    • Kerr, B.1    Delrue, M.A.2    Sigaudy, S.3
  • 54
    • 33747849281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline mutations in components of the Ras signaling pathway in Noonan syndrome and related disorders
    • Kratz CP, Schubbert S, Bollag G, Niemeyer CM, Shannon KM, Zenker M: Germline mutations in components of the Ras signaling pathway in Noonan syndrome and related disorders. Cell Cycle 5, 1607-1611 (2006).
    • (2006) Cell Cycle , vol.5 , pp. 1607-1611
    • Kratz, C.P.1    Schubbert, S.2    Bollag, G.3    Niemeyer, C.M.4    Shannon, K.M.5    Zenker, M.6
  • 55
    • 18844428291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome
    • Lee JS, Tartaglia M, Gelb BD et al.: Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Noonan-like/multiple giant cell lesion syndrome. J. Med. Genet. 42, e11 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Med. Genet , vol.42
    • Lee, J.S.1    Tartaglia, M.2    Gelb, B.D.3
  • 56
    • 33644629727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline KRAS and BRAF mutations in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome
    • Niihori T, Aoki Y, Narumi Y et al.: Germline KRAS and BRAF mutations in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. Nat. Genet. 38, 294-296 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Genet , vol.38 , pp. 294-296
    • Niihori, T.1    Aoki, Y.2    Narumi, Y.3
  • 58
    • 33644696097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline mutations in genes within the MAPK pathway cause cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome
    • Rodriguez-Viciana P, Tetsu O, Tidyman WE et al.: Germline mutations in genes within the MAPK pathway cause cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. Science 311, 1287-1290, (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 1287-1290
    • Rodriguez-Viciana, P.1    Tetsu, O.2    Tidyman, W.E.3
  • 59
    • 33644622238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome
    • Schubbert S, Zenker M, Rowe SL et al.: Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome. Nat. Genet. 38, 331-336 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Genet , vol.38 , pp. 331-336
    • Schubbert, S.1    Zenker, M.2    Rowe, S.L.3
  • 60
    • 18444401014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noonan syndrome and related disorders: Genetics and pathogenesis
    • Tartaglia M, Gelb BD: Noonan syndrome and related disorders: genetics and pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 6, 45-68 (2005).
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet , vol.6 , pp. 45-68
    • Tartaglia, M.1    Gelb, B.D.2
  • 61
    • 0024952521 scopus 로고
    • Embryonal tumors from transgenic mouse zygotes carrying human activated c-Ha-ras genes
    • Katsuki M, Kimura M, Hata J et al.: Embryonal tumors from transgenic mouse zygotes carrying human activated c-Ha-ras genes. Mol. Biol. Med. 6, 567-572 (1989).
    • (1989) Mol. Biol. Med , vol.6 , pp. 567-572
    • Katsuki, M.1    Kimura, M.2    Hata, J.3
  • 63
    • 34547461299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oliveira JB, Bidere N, Niemela JE et al.: NRAS mutation causes a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 8953-8958 (2007).
    • Oliveira JB, Bidere N, Niemela JE et al.: NRAS mutation causes a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 8953-8958 (2007).
  • 64
    • 0022137480 scopus 로고
    • Microinjection of the ras oncogene protein into PC12 cells induces morphological differentiation
    • Bar-Sagi D, Feramisco JR: Microinjection of the ras oncogene protein into PC12 cells induces morphological differentiation. Cell 42, 841-848 (1985).
    • (1985) Cell , vol.42 , pp. 841-848
    • Bar-Sagi, D.1    Feramisco, J.R.2
  • 65
    • 0025743893 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes induced by transfection of ras oncogenes
    • Benito M, Porras A, Nebreda AR, Santos E: Differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes induced by transfection of ras oncogenes. Science 253, 565-568 (1991).
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 565-568
    • Benito, M.1    Porras, A.2    Nebreda, A.R.3    Santos, E.4
  • 66
    • 0026733002 scopus 로고
    • PC12 cell neuronal differentiation is associated with prolonged p21ras activity and consequent prolonged ERK activity
    • Qui MS, Green SH: PC12 cell neuronal differentiation is associated with prolonged p21ras activity and consequent prolonged ERK activity. Neuron 9, 705-717 (1992).
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.9 , pp. 705-717
    • Qui, M.S.1    Green, S.H.2
  • 67
    • 33747506490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding urothelial carcinoma through cancer pathways
    • Schulz WA: Understanding urothelial carcinoma through cancer pathways. Int. J. Cancer 119, 1513-1518 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Cancer , vol.119 , pp. 1513-1518
    • Schulz, W.A.1
  • 68
    • 0034118544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ras gene mutations in salivary gland tumors
    • Yon J, Robinson RA: ras gene mutations in salivary gland tumors. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 124, 836-839 (2000).
    • (2000) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med , vol.124 , pp. 836-839
    • Yon, J.1    Robinson, R.A.2
  • 69
    • 45749093815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital melanocytic nevi frequently harbor NRAS mutations but no BRAF mutations
    • Bauer J, Curtin JA, Pinkel D, Bastian BC: Congenital melanocytic nevi frequently harbor NRAS mutations but no BRAF mutations. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2006).
    • (2006) J. Invest. Dermatol
    • Bauer, J.1    Curtin, J.A.2    Pinkel, D.3    Bastian, B.C.4
  • 71
    • 33749320394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic NRAS rapidly and efficiently induces CMML- and AML-like diseases in mice
    • Parikh C, Subrahmanyam R, Ren R: Oncogenic NRAS rapidly and efficiently induces CMML- and AML-like diseases in mice. Blood 108, 2349-2357 (2006).
    • (2006) Blood , vol.108 , pp. 2349-2357
    • Parikh, C.1    Subrahmanyam, R.2    Ren, R.3
  • 72
    • 42149192000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated Kras, but not Hras or Nras, may initiate tumors of endodermal origin via stem cell expansion
    • Quinlan MP, Quatela SE, Philips MR, Settleman J: Activated Kras, but not Hras or Nras, may initiate tumors of endodermal origin via stem cell expansion. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28(8), 2659-2674 (2008).
    • (2008) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.28 , Issue.8 , pp. 2659-2674
    • Quinlan, M.P.1    Quatela, S.E.2    Philips, M.R.3    Settleman, J.4
  • 73
    • 45749138705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the preponderance of Kras mutations in human cancer: An isoform-specific function in stem cell expansion
    • Quinlan MP, Settleman J: Explaining the preponderance of Kras mutations in human cancer: an isoform-specific function in stem cell expansion. Cell Cycle 7, 1332-1335 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell Cycle , vol.7 , pp. 1332-1335
    • Quinlan, M.P.1    Settleman, J.2
  • 74
    • 0024349511 scopus 로고
    • The Ad5 12S growth factor induces F9 cell proliferation and differentiation
    • Quinlan MP: The Ad5 12S growth factor induces F9 cell proliferation and differentiation. Oncogene 4, 1051-1055 (1989).
    • (1989) Oncogene , vol.4 , pp. 1051-1055
    • Quinlan, M.P.1
  • 75
    • 0033556438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ras/Erk pathway induces primitive endoderm but prevents parietal endoderm differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells
    • Verheijen MH, Wolthuis RM, Bos JL, Defize LH: The Ras/Erk pathway induces primitive endoderm but prevents parietal endoderm differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1487-1494 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem , vol.274 , pp. 1487-1494
    • Verheijen, M.H.1    Wolthuis, R.M.2    Bos, J.L.3    Defize, L.H.4
  • 77
    • 20444397431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of bronchioalveolar stem cells in normal lung and lung cancer
    • Kim CF, Jackson EL, Woolfenden AE et al.: Identification of bronchioalveolar stem cells in normal lung and lung cancer. Cell 121, 823-835 (2005).
    • (2005) Cell , vol.121 , pp. 823-835
    • Kim, C.F.1    Jackson, E.L.2    Woolfenden, A.E.3
  • 78
    • 42649125571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of oncogenic K-Ras and N-Ras on proliferation, differentiation and tumor progression in the colon
    • Haigis KM, Kendall KR, Wang Y et al.: Differential effects of oncogenic K-Ras and N-Ras on proliferation, differentiation and tumor progression in the colon. Nat. Genet. 40, 600-608 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Genet , vol.40 , pp. 600-608
    • Haigis, K.M.1    Kendall, K.R.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 79
    • 38949157730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell gene expression changes induced specifically by mutated K-ras
    • Luo F, Hamoudi R, Brooks DG, Patek CE, Arends MJ: Stem cell gene expression changes induced specifically by mutated K-ras. Gene Expr. 14, 101-115 (2007).
    • (2007) Gene Expr , vol.14 , pp. 101-115
    • Luo, F.1    Hamoudi, R.2    Brooks, D.G.3    Patek, C.E.4    Arends, M.J.5
  • 80
    • 0038100185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ERas in promoting tumour-like properties in mouse embryonic stem cells
    • Takahashi K, Mitsui K, Yamanaka S: Role of ERas in promoting tumour-like properties in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature 423, 541-545 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 541-545
    • Takahashi, K.1    Mitsui, K.2    Yamanaka, S.3
  • 81
    • 33746055292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of activated M-Ras in hemopoietic stem cells initiates leukemogenic transformation, immortalization and preferential generation of mast cells
    • Guo X, Stratton L, Schrader JW: Expression of activated M-Ras in hemopoietic stem cells initiates leukemogenic transformation, immortalization and preferential generation of mast cells. Oncogene 25, 4241-4244 (2006).
    • (2006) Oncogene , vol.25 , pp. 4241-4244
    • Guo, X.1    Stratton, L.2    Schrader, J.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.