Current opinion on the science of organophosphate pesticides and toxic stress: A systematic review

Medical Science Monitor

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2009, Pages

  Soltaninejad, Kambiz ^a   Abdollahi, Mohammad ^b  

^a LEGAL MEDICINE RESEARCH CENTER   (Iran)

^b TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Free radicals; Lipid peroxidation; Organophosphates; Oxidative stress; Review

Indexed keywords

2 METHYLAMINOCHROMAN; ACETYLCYSTEINE; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; BUTYLCRESOL; CASHEW NUT SKIN EXTRACT; CHLORPYRIFOS; COPPER; DEFEROXAMINE; DICHLORVOS; DIISOPROPYLPHOSPHOROFLURIDATE; FENTHION; GINGER EXTRACT; GREEN TEA EXTRACT; MALATHION; MELATONIN; N TERT BUTYL ALPHA PHENYLNITRONE; NICOTINE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE; PARATHION METHYL; PARONYCHIA ARGENTEA EXTRACT; PENTOXIFYLLINE; SILDENAFIL; SODIUM SELENITE; THEOPHYLLINE; TROLOX C; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC CHLORIDE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUND; PESTICIDE;

AGRICULTURAL WORKER; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL PROTECTION; CYTOTOXICITY; DATA BASE; DRUG MECHANISM; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LONG TERM EXPOSURE; NONHUMAN; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UTERINE TUBE DISEASE; ANIMAL; DRUG EFFECT; META ANALYSIS; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PESTICIDES; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL;

EID: 65349132962     PISSN: 12341010     EISSN: 16433750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (146)

1. John S, Kale M, Rathore N, Bhatnagar D: Protective effect of vitamin E in dimethoate and malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. J Nutr Biochem, 2001; 12: 500-504
2. Ellenhorn MJ, Schonwald S, Ordog G, Wasserberger J: Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. Williams & Wilkins, Maryland, 1997; 1614-1663
3. Abdollahi M, Jafari A, Jalali N: Chronic toxicity in organophosphate- exposed workers. MJIRI, 1995; 9: 221-225
4. Abdollahi M, Jafari A, Jalali N et al: A new approach to the efficacy of oximes in the management of acute organophosphate poisoning. Irn J Med Sci, 1995; 20: 105-109
5. Abdollahi M, Balali M, Akhgari M et al: A survey of cholinesterase activity in healthy and organophosphate-exposed populations. Irn J Med Sci, 1996; 21: 63-66
6. Shadnia S, Esmaily H, Sasanian G et al: Pattern of acute poisoning in Tehran-Iran in 2003. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2007; 26(9): 753-756
7. Abdollahi M, Jalali N, Sabzevari O et al: Pesticide poisoning during an 18-month period (1995-1997) in Tehran, Iran. Irn J Med Sci, 1999; 24: 77-81
8. Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M: Increased morbidity and mortality in acute human organophosphate-poisoned patients treated by oximes: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2006; 25: 157-162
9. Gultekin F: The effect of organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos-ethyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (in vitro). Arch Toxicol, 2000; 74: 533-538
10. Gupta RC: Depletion of energy metabolites following acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-induced status epilepticus: protection by antioxidants. Neurotoxicology, 2001; 22: 271-282
11. Verma RS: Chlorpyrifos-induced alterations in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and glutathione in rat brain. Indian J Exp Biol, 2001; 39: 174-177
12. Ranjbar A, Pasalar P, Abdollahi M: Induction of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterease inhibition in organophosphorous pesticide manufacturing workers. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2002; 21: 179-182
13. Rahimi R, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M: A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications. Biomed Pharmacother, 2005; 59(7): 365-373
14. Soltan-Sharifi MS, Mojtahedzadeh M, Najafi A et al: Improvement by N- acetylcysteine of acute respiratory distress syndrome through increasing intracellular glutathione, and extracellular thiol molecules and anti-ox- idant power: evidence for underlying toxicological mechanisms. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2007; 26(9): 697-703 (Pubitemid 350157338)
15. Abdollahi M, Ranjbar A, Shadnia S et al: Pesticides and oxidative stress: a review. Med Sci Monit, 2004; 10(6): 141-147
16. Rezaie A, Parker RD, Abdollahi M: Oxidative stress and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: an epiphenomenon or the cause? Dig Dis Sci, 2007; 52: 2015-2021 (Pubitemid 47246507)
17. Cochranc CG: Cellular injury by oxidants. Am J Med, 1991; 92: 235-305
18. Halliwell B: Free radicals, antioxidants and human disease: Curiosity, causes or consequence. Lancet, 1994; 344: 721-724 (Pubitemid 24281426)
19. Halliwell B: Free radical and antioxidants: A personal view. Neut Rev, 1994; 52: 235-265
20. Harman D: Aging and oxidative stress. JI.FCC, 1999; 10: 24-47
21. Halliwell B, Gutterdge JMC: The antioxidants of human extracellular fluids. Arch Biochem Bio Phys, 1990; 280: 1-8
22. Sies H, Stan LW: Vitamins E and C, carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants. Am J Clin Neut, 1998; 62: 13152-13212
23. Ghafour-Rashidi Z, Dermenaki-Farahani E, Aliahmadi A et al: Protection by cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors on diazinon-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative/nitrosative stress in rat Langerhans islets cells: Molecular evidence for involvement of non-cholinergic mechanisms. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2007; 87: 261-270
24. Pournourmohammadi S, Ostad SN, Azizi E et al: Induction of insulin resistance by malathion: Evidence for disrupted islets cells metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2007; 88: 346-352
25. Datta C, Gupta J, Sengupta D: Interaction of organophosphorus insecticides phosphamidon & malathion on lipid profile & acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocyte membrane. Indian J Med Res, 1994; 100: 87-89
26. Pachecka J, Krolewska B: The effects of dichlorvos and trichlorphon on catalase induction, respiration and growth of yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bull Environ Contamination Toxicol, 1977; 17(3): 342-348 (Pubitemid 8096066)
27. Matkovics B, Szabo L, Mindszenty L, Ivan J: The effects of organophosphate pesticides on some liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Gen Pharmacol: Vascular System, 1980; 11(4): 353-355
28. Hasan M, Ali SF: Organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos-induced increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation in the different regions of the rat brain: Supporting ultrastructural findings. Neurotoxicology, 1981; 2(1): 43-52
29. Islam F, Tayyaba K, Hasan M: Organophosphate metasystox-induced increment of lipase activity and lipid peroxidation in cerebral hemisphere: Diminution of lipids in discrete areas of the rat brain. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, 1983; 53(2): 121-124
30. Matkovics B, Szabo L, Ivan J, Gaal I: Some further data on the effects of two organophosphate pesticides on the oxidative metabolism in the liver. Gen Pharmacol: Vascular System, 1983; 14(6): 689-691
31. Tayyaba K, Hasan M: Vitamin E protects against metasystox-induced adverse effect on lipid metabolism in the rat brain and spinal cord. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, 1985; 57(3): 190-196
32. Vadhva P, Hasan M: Organophosphate dichlorvos induced dose-related differential alterations in lipid levels and lipid peroxidation in various regions of the fish brain and spinal cord, J Env Sci Health Part B, 1986; 21(5): 413-424 (Pubitemid 16007367)
33. Gupta J, Datta C, Sarkar A, Sengupta D: Effect of malathion on antioxidant defence system in human fetus - an in vitro study. Indian J Exp Biol, 1992; 30(4): 352-354
34. Datta C, GuptaJ, Sengupta D: Interaction of organophosphorus insecticides phosphamidon & malathion on lipid profile & acetylcholinesterase activity in human erythrocyte membrane. Indian J Med Res, 1994; 100: 87-89
35. Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Hassoun EA, Stohs SJ: In vitro and in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by selected pesticides. Toxicology, 1995; 104(1-3): 129-140
36. Bagchi D, Bhattacharya G, Stohs SJ: In vitro and in vivo induction of heat shock (stress) protein (Hsp) gene expression by selected pesticides. Toxicology, 1996; 112(1): 57-68
37. Hai DQ, Varga SI, Matkovics B: Organophosphate effects on antioxidant system of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus). Comp Biochem Physiol - C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol, 1997;117(1): 83-88
38. Poovala VS, Kanji VK, Tachikawa H, Salahudeen AK Role of oxidant stress and antioxidant protection in acephate-induced renal tubular cytotoxicity. Toxicol Sci, 1998; 46(2): 403-409 (Pubitemid 29069625)
39. Sarin S, Gill KD: Potential biomarkers of dichlorvos induced neuronal injury in rats. Biomarkers, 1998; 3(3): 169-176
40. Salovsky P, Shopova V, Dancheva V: Antioxidant defense mechanisms in the lung toxicity of tri-n-butyl phosphate. Am J Ind Med. 1998; 33(1): 11-15 (Pubitemid 27520063)
41. Poovala VS, Huang H, Salahudeen AK: Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in organophosphate-bidrin-induced renal tubular cytotoxicity. J Am Soc Nephrol, 1999; 10(8): 1746-1752
42. Gultekin F, Ozturk M, Akdogan M: The effect of organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos-ethyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (in vitro). Arch Toxicol, 2000; 74(9): 533-538
43. Ahmed RS, Seth V, Pasha ST, Banerjee BD: Influence of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinales Rosc) on oxidative stress induced by malathion in rats. Food Chem Toxicol, 2000; 38(5): 443-450
44. Hazarika A, Sarkar SN, Kataria M: Subacute toxicity of anilofos, a new organophosphorus herbicide in male rats: effect on lipid peroxidation and ATPase activity. Indian J Exp Biol, 2001; 39(11): 1113-1117 (Pubitemid 33066216)
45. Gupta RC, Milatovic D, Dettbarn W-D: Depletion of energy metabolites following acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-induced status epilepticus: Protection by antioxidants. Neurotoxicology, 2001; 22(2): 271-282
46. Pandey S, Ahmad I, Parvez S et al: Effect of endosulfan on antioxidants of freshwater fish Channa punctatus Bloch: 1. Protection against lipid peroxidation in liver by copper preexposure. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 2001; 41(3): 345-352
47. John S, Kale M, Rathore N, Bhatnagar D: Protective effect of vitamin E in dimethoate and malathion induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes. J Nutr Biochem, 2001; 12 (9): 500-504
48. Altuntas I, Delibas N, Sutcu R: The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: role of vitamins E and C. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2002; 21(12): 681-685
49. Altuntas I, Delibas N: Effects of organophosphate insecticide fenthion on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: Role of vitamin E and C. Biomed Res,2002; 13(1): 43-47
50. Oncu M, Gultekin F, Karaoz E et al: Nephrotoxicity in rats induced by chlorpryfos-ethyl and ameliorating effects of antioxidants. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2002; 21(4): 223-230
51. Pena-Llopis S, Ferrando MD, Pena JB: Impaired glutathione redox status is associated with decreased survival in two organophosphate-poisoned marine bivalves. Chemosphere, 2002; 47(5): 485-497
52. Akhgari M, Abdollahi M, Kebryaeezadeh A et al: Biochemical evidence for free radical-induced lipid peroxidation as a mechanism for subchronic toxicity of malathion in blood and liver of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2003; 22(4): 205-211
53. Altuntas I, Delibas N, Doguc DK et al: Role of reactive oxygen species in organophosphate insecticide phosalone toxicity in erythrocytes in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro, 2003; 17(2): 153-157 (Pubitemid 36332236)
54. Bebe FN, Panemangalore M: Exposure to low doses of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos modifies endogenous antioxidants in tissues of rats. J Environ Sci Health, Part B, 2003; 38(3): 349-363 (Pubitemid 36438303)
55. Gokalp O, Gulle K, Sulak O et al: The effects of methidathion on liver: role of vitamins E and C. Toxicol Ind Health, 2003; 19(2-6): 63-67
56. Pena-Llopis S, Ferrando MD, Pena JB: Fish tolerance to organophosphate-induced oxidative stress is dependent on the glutathione metabolism and enhanced by N-acetylcysteine. Aquat Toxicol, 2003; 65(4): 337-360
57. Ayub S, Verma J, Das N: Effect of endosulfan and malathion on lipid peroxidation, nitrite and TNF-a release by rat peritoneal macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol, 2003; 3(13-14): 1819-1828 (Pubitemid 37421266)
58. Verma RS, Srivastava N: Effect of chlorpyrifos on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, scavenging enzymes and glutathione in rat tissues. Indian J Biochem Biophy, 2003; 40(6): 423-428 (Pubitemid 39360685)
59. Lukaszewicz-Hussain A, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J: Organophosphate insecticide chlorfenvinphos affects enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in erythrocytes and serum of rats. Polish J Environ Studies, 2003; 12(4): 417-423
60. Abdollahi M, Mostafalou S, Pournourmohammadi S, Shadnia S: Oxidative stress and cholinesterase inhibition in saliva and plasma of rats following subchronic exposure to malathion.Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2004; 137(1): 29-34
61. Altuntas I, Kilinic I, Orhan H et al: The effects of diazinon on lipid per- oxidation and antioxidation enzymes in erythrocytes in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2004; 23(1): 9-13 (Pubitemid 38263152)
62. Singh M, Sandhir R., Kiran R: In vitro effects of organophosphate pesticides on rat erythrocytes. Indian J Exp Biol, 2004; 42(3): 292-296
63. Yavuz T, Altuntas I, Delibas N et al: Cardiotoxicity in rats induced by methidathion and ameliorating effect of vitamins E and C. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2004; 23(7): 323-329
64. Yavuz T, Delibas N, Yildirim B et al: Vascular wall damage in rats induced by methidathion and ameliorating effect of vitamins E and C. Arch Toxicol, 2004; 78(11): 655-659
65. Cankayali I, Demirag K, Eris O et al: The effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning model. Adv Therapy, 2005; 22(2): 107-116
66. Gupta SC, Siddique HR, Saxena DK, Chowdhuri DK Hazardous effect of organophosphate compound, dichlorvos in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ): Induction of hsp70, anti-oxidant enzymes and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Biochim Biophy Acta, 2005; 1725(1): 81-92
67. Rosety-Rodriguez M, Javier Ordonez F, Rosety I et al: Erythrocyte anti- oxidant enzymes of gilthead as early-warning bio-indicators of oxidative stress induced by malathion. HAEMA, 2005; 8(2): 237-240
68. Sharma Y, Bashir S, Irshad M et al: Dimethoate-induced effects on antioxidant status of liver and brain of rats following subchronic exposure. Toxicology, 2005; 215(3): 173-181
69. Sulak O, Altuntas I, Karahan N et al: Nephrotoxicity in rats induced by organophosphate insecticide methidathion and ameliorating effects of vitamins E and C. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2005; 83(1): 21-28
70. Slotkin TA, Oliver CA, Seidler FJ: Critical periods for the role of oxidative stress in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and terbutaline, alone or in combination. Brain Res Dev Brain Res, 2005; 157(2): 172-180 (Pubitemid 40800417)
71. Brocardo, PS, Pandolfo P, Takahashi RN et al: Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus following acute exposure to malathion and/or zinc chloride. Toxicology, 2005; 207(2): 283-291
72. Icen E, Armutcu F, Buyukguzel K, Gurel A: Biochemical stress indicators of greater wax moth exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. J Economic Entomol, 2005; 98 (2): 358-366
73. Cankayali I, Demirag K, Eris O et al: The effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress in organophosphate poisoning model. Adv Therapy, 2005; 22(2): 107-116
74. Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TR: Oxidative mechanisms contributing to the developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine and chlorpyrifos. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2005; 206(1): 17-26
75. Gokalp O, Buyukvanli B, Cicek E: The effects of diazinon on pancreatic damage and ameliorating role of vitamin E and vitamin C. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2005; 81(2): 123-128
76. Wysocki A, Zasadowski A: The effect of dimethoate and pyrantel embonate intoxication on selected elements of antioxidative barrier in rats. Acta Toxicol, 2005; 13(2): 67-76
77. Ozcan Oruc E, Uner N, Sevgiler Y et al: Sublethal effects of organophosphate diazinon on the brain of Cyprinus carpio. Drug Chemical Toxicol, 2006; 29(1): 57-67
78. Olgun S, Misra HP: Pesticides induced oxidative stress in thymocytes. Mol Cell Biochem, 2006; 290(1-2): 137-144
79. Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R: Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in toxicological evaluation of commonly used organophosphate pesticides. Indian J Exp Biol, 2006; 44(7): 580-583
80. Sivapiriya V, Jayanthisakthisekarana, Venkatraman S: Effects of dimeth- oate (O,O-dimethyl S-methyl carbamoyl methyl phosphorodithioate) and Ethanol in antioxidant status of liver and kidney of experimental mice. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2006; 85(2): 115-121
81. Buyukguzel K Malathion-induced oxidative stress in a parasitoid wasp: effect on adult emergence, longevity, fecundity, and oxidative and antiox- idative response of Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). J Econ Entomol, 2006; 99(4): 1225-1234 (Pubitemid 44645608)
82. Durmaz H, Sevgiler Y, Uner N: Tissue-specific antioxidative and neurotoxic responses to diazinon in Oreochromis niloticus. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2006; 84(3): 215-226
83. Fortunato JJ, Feier G, Vitali AM et al: Malathion-induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain Regions. Neurochemical Res, 2006; 31(5): 671-678
84. Sutcu R, Altuntas I, Yildirim B et al: The effects of subchronic methi- dathion toxicity on rat liver: Role of antioxidant vitamins C and E. Cell Biol Toxicol, 2006; 22(3): 221-227
85. Teimouri F, Amirkabirian N, Esmaily H et al: Alteration of hepatic cells glucose metabolism as a non-cholinergic detoxication mechanism in counteracting diazinon-induced oxidative stress.Hum Exp Toxicol, 2006; 25(12): 697-703 (Pubitemid 46101695)
86. Oral B, Guney M, Demirin H et al: Endometrial damage and apoptosis in rats induced by dichlorvos and ameliorating effect of antioxidant vitamins E and C. Reprod Toxicol, 2006; 22(4): 783-790
87. Akturk O, Demirin H, Sutcu R et al: The effects of diazinon on lipid per- oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat heart and ameliorating role of vitamin E and vitamin C. Cell Biol Toxicol, 2006; 22(6). 455-461
88. Silva AP, Meotti FC, Santos ARS, Farina M: Lactational exposure to malathion inhibits brain acetylcholinesterase in mice. Neurotoxicology, 2006; 27(6): 1101-1105
89. Ebadi AG, Shokrzadeh M: Chronic toxicity of menazon and relation to oxidative stress in red blood cells of rats. Pakistan J Biol Sci, 2006; 9(1): 67-71
90. Pina-Guzman B, Solis-Heredia MJ, Rojas-Garcia et al: Genetic damage caused by methyl-parathion in mouse spermatozoa is related to oxidative stress. Toxicol Applied Pharmacol, 2006; 216(2): 216-224
91. Venkateswara Rao J: Sublethal effects of an organophosphorus insecticide (RPR-II) on biochemical parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol, 2006; 143(4): 492-498 (Pubitemid 44137297)
92. Yarsan E, Cakir O: Effects of dichlorvos on lipid peroxidation in mice on subacute and subchronic periods. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2006; 86(2): 106-109
93. Monteiro DA, de Almeida JA, Rantin FT, Kalinin, AL: Oxidative stress biomarkers in the freshwater characid fish, Brycon cephalus, exposed to organophosphorus insecticide Folisuper 600 (methyl parathion). Comp Biochem Physiol, 2006; 143(2): 141-149
94. Amirkabirian N, Teimouri F, Esmaily H et al: Protection by pentoxifyl- line of diazinon-induced toxic stress in rat liver and muscle. Toxicol Mech Methods, 2007; 17(4): 215-221
95. Yurumez Y, Cemek M, Yavuz Y et al: Beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine against organophosphate toxicity in mice. Biol Pharma Bull, 2007; 30(3): 490-494
96. Piner P, Sevgiler Y, Uner N: In vivo effects of fenthion on oxidative processes by the modulation of glutathione metabolism in the brain of Oreochromis niloticus. Environ Toxicol, 2007; 22(6): 605-612 (Pubitemid 350105972)
97. Kaur P, Radotra B, Minz RW, Gill KD: Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism and neuronal apoptotic cell death after chronic dichlorvos (OP) exposure in rat brain. Neurotoxicology, 2007; 28(6): 1208-1219
98. Slotkin TA, MacKillop EA, Ryde IT et al: Screening for developmental neurotoxicity using PC12 cells: Comparisons of organophosphates with a carbamate, an organochlorine, and divalent nickel. Environ Health Perspectives, 2007; 115(1): 93-101 (Pubitemid 46050288)
99. Sutcu R, Altuntas I, Buyukvanli B et al: The effects of diazinon on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: role of vitamins E and C. Toxicol Ind Health, 2007; 23(1): 13-17
100. Tuzmen MN, Candan N, Kaya E: The evaluation of altered antioxida- tive defense mechanism and acetylcholinesterase activity in rat brain exposed to chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, and their combination. Toxicol Mech Method, 2007; 17(9): 535-540 (Pubitemid 350208842)
101. Karademir Catalgol B, Ozden S, Alpertunga B: Effects of trichlorfon on malondialdehyde and antioxidant system in human erythrocytes. Toxicol in Vitro, 2007; 21(8): 1538-1544
102. Gupta SC, Siddique HR, Mathur N et al: Induction of hsp70, alterations in oxidative stress markers and apoptosis against dichlorvos exposure in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: Modulation by reactive oxygen species. Biochim Biophy Acta, 2007; 1770(9): 1382-1394 (Pubitemid 47248052)
103. Uner N, Sevgiler Y, Durmaz H, Piner P: In vivo alterations in glutathi- one-related processes, lipid peroxidation, and cholinesterase enzyme activities in the liver of diazinon-exposed Oreochromis niloticus. Toxicol Mech Method, 2007; 17(6): 317-324
104. Behera PC, Bisoi PC, Parija SC: Effect of chlorpyriphos on isolated chicken hepatocytes. Indian Vet J, 2007; 84(10): 1035-1038
105. Bianchini A, MonserratJM: Effects of methyl parathion on Chasmagnathus granulatus hepatopancreas: Protective role of Sesamol. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety, 2007; 67 (1): 100-108
106. Brocardo PS, Assini F, Franco JL et al: Zinc attenuates malathion-in- duced depressant-like behavior and confers neuroprotection in the rat brai. Toxicol Sci, 2007; 97 (1): 140-148
107. Giordano G, Afsharinejad Z, Guizzetti M et al: Organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and oxidative stress in neuronal cells in a genetic model of glutathione deficiency. Toxicol Applied Pharmacol, 2007; 219(2-3): 181-189
108. Guney M, Demirin H, Oral B et al: Ovarian toxicity in rats caused by methidathion and ameliorating effect of vitamins E and C. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2007; 26(6): 491-498
109. Guney M, Oral B, Demirin H et al: Fallopian damage induced by organophosphate insecticide methyl parathion, and protective effect of vitamins E and C on ultrastructural changes in rats. Toxicol Industrial Health, 2007; 23(7): 429-438
110. Guney M, Oral B, Demirin H et al: Evaluation of caspase-dependent apoptosis during methyl parathion-induced endometrial damage in rats: Ameliorating effect of Vitamins E and C. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2007; 23(2): 221-227
111. Ghafour-Rashidi Z, Dermenaki-Farahani E, Aliahmadi A et al: Protection by cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors of diazinon-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative/nitrosative stress in rat Langerhans islets cells: Molecular evidence for involvement of non-cholinergic mechanisms. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2007, 87: 261-270
112. Kamath V, Rajini PS: Altered glucose homeostasis and oxidative impairment in pancreas of rats subjected to dimethoate intoxication. Toxicology, 2007; 231(2-3): 137-146
113. Kavitha P, Venkateswara Rao J: Oxidative stress and locomotor behaviour response as biomarkers for assessing recovery status of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis after lethal effect of an organophosphate pesticide, monocrotophos. Pesticide Biochem and Physiol, 2007; 87(2): 182-188
114. Mahaboob Khan S, Kour G: Subacute oral toxicity of chlorpyriphos and protective effect of green tea extract. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2007; 89(2): 118-123
115. Oruc EO, Usta D: Evaluation of oxidative stress responses and neurotoxicity potential of diazinon in different tissues of Cyprinus carpio. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2007; 23(1): 48-55
116. Possamai FP, Fortunato JJ, Feier G et al: Oxidative stress after acute and sub-chronic malathion intoxication in wistar rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2007; 23(2): 198-204
117. Shadnia S, Dasgar M, Taghikhani S et al: Protective effects of a-tocopherol and N-acetyl-cysteine on diazinon-induced oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats. Toxicol Mech Method, 2007; 17(2): 109-115
118. Zama D, Meraihi Z, Tebibel S et al: Chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver, kidney, brain and fetus in pregnant rats: The protective role of the butanolic extract of Paronychia argentea L. Indian J Pharmacol, 2007; 39(3): 145-150 (Pubitemid 47094668)
119. Zhang, LP, Wang Q, Guo X et al: Time-dependent changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in nerve tissues of hens treated with trirtho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP). Toxicology, 2007; 239(1-2): 45-52
120. Varo I, Navarro JC, Nunes B, Guilhermino L: Effects of dichlorvos aqua- culture treatments on selected biomarkers of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fingerlings. Aquaculture, 2007; 266(1-4): 87-96
121. Buyukokuroglu ME, Cemek M, Yurumez Y et al: Antioxidative role of melatonin in organophosphate toxicity in rats. Cell Biol Toxicol, 2008; 24(2): 151-158
122. da Silva AP, Farina M, Franco JL et al: Temporal effects of newly developed oximes (K027, K048) on malathion-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition and lipid peroxidation in mouse prefrontal cortex. Neurotoxicology, 2008; 29(1): 184-189
123. Geter DR, Kan HL, Lowe ER et al: Investigations of oxidative stress, antioxidant response, and protein binding in chlorpyrifos exposed rat neuronal PC12 cells. Toxicol Mech Method, 2008; 18(1): 17-23
124. Lukaszewicz-Hussain A: Subchronic intoxication with chlorfenvinphos, an organophosphate insecticide, affects rat brain antioxidative enzymes and glutathione level. Food Chem Toxicol, 2008; 46(1): 82-86 (Pubitemid 350235755)
125. Lukaszewicz-Hussain A, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J, Roszczenko A: Effects of subchronic chlorfenvinphos administration on liver antioxidative parameters and lipid peroxidation marker in experimental rats. Toxicol Environ Chem, 2008; 90(1): 7-13
126. Tuzmen N, Candan, N, Kaya E, Demiryas N: Biochemical effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin on altered antioxidative defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Cell Biochem Function, 2008; 26(1): 119-124
127. Yu F, Wang Z, Ju B et al: Apoptotic effect of organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos on mouse retina in vivo via oxidative stress and protection of combination of vitamins C and E. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2008; 59(6): 415-423
128. Trevisan R, Uliano-Silva M, Pandolfo P et al: Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase response to repeated malathion exposure in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2008; 102(4): 365-369
129. Kamatth V, Joshi AKR, Rajini PS: Dimethoate induced biochemical perturbations in rat pancreas and its attenuation by cashew nut skin extract. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 2008; 90(1): 58-66
130. Kaur R, Sandhu HS: In vivo changes in antioxidant system and protective role of selenium in chlorpyrifos-induced subchronic toxicity in bubalus bubalis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2008; 26(1): 45-48
131. Mahjoubi-Samet A, Hamadi F, Zeghal N: Nephrotoxicity induced by dimethoate in adult rats and their suckling pups. Pesticde Biochem Physiol, 2008; 91(2): 96-103
132. Jordanova E, Docovsky D, Miskova R: Hematologic and enzyme examinations in agricultural workers with acute intrathion poisoning (Bulgarian). Vatrechni Bolesti, 1974; 13(3): 59-62
133. Banerjee BD, Setth V, Bhattacharya A et al: Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers. Toxicol Lett, 1999: 107(1-3): 33-47
134. Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Lalitha S: Plasma and RBCs antioxidant status in occupational male pesticide sprayers. Clin Chim Acta, 2001; 310(2): 107-112
135. Amer M, Metwalli M, El-Magd YA: Skin diseases and enzymatic antioxidant activity among workers exposed to pesticides. Eastern Mediter Health J, 2002; 8(2-3): 363-373
136. Ranjbar A, Pasalar P, Abdollahi M: Induction of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in organophosphorus pesticide manufacturing worker. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2002; 21(4): 179-182
137. Zhou JF, Xu GB, Fang J: Relationship between acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and damages induced by free radicals. Biomed Environ Sci: BES, 2002; 15(2): 177-186
138. Dandapani M, Zachariah A, Kavitha MR et al: Oxidative damage in intermediate syndrome of acute organophosphorus poisoning. Indian J Med Res, 2003; 117: 253-259
139. Vidyasagar J, Karunakar N, Reddy MS et al: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute organophosphorous insecticide poisoning. Indian J Pharmacol, 2003; 36(2): 76-79
140. Hernandez AF, Lopez O, Rodrigo L et al: Changes in erythrocyte enzymes in humans long-term exposed to pesticides: Influence of several markers of individual susceptibility. Toxicol Lett, 2005; 159(1): 13-21
141. Ranjbar A, Solhi H, Mashayekhi FJ et al: Oxidative stress in acute human poisoning with organophosphorus insecticides; A case control study. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2005; 20(1): 88-91
142. Souza MS, Magnarelli GG, Rovedatti MG et al: Prenatal exposure to pesticides: Analysis of human placental acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase as biomarkers of effect. Biomarkers, 2005; 10(5): 376-389 (Pubitemid 41701227)
143. Shadnia S, Azizi E, Hosseini R et al: Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in organophosphorus insecticide formulators. Hum Exp Toxicol, 2005: 24(9): 439-445
144. Venkatesh S, Kavitha ML, Zachariah A, Oomme A: Progression of Type I to Type II paralysis in acute organophosphorous poisoning: Is oxidative stress significant? Arch Toxicol, 2005; 80(6): 354-361
145. Lopez O, Hernandez AF, Rodrigo L et al: Changes in antioxidant enzymes in humans with long-term exposure to pesticides. Toxicol Lett, 2007; 171(3): 146-153
146. Muniz JF, McCauley L, Scherer J et al: Biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers: A pilot study. Toxicol Applied Pharmacol, 2008; 227(1): 97-107