Parents' Beliefs about Emotions and Children's Recognition of Parents' Emotions

Journal of Nonverbal Behavior

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 121-140

  Dunsmore, Julie C ^a   Her, Pa ^a   Halberstadt, Amy G ^b   Perez Rivera, Marie B ^a  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Emotion; Middle childhood; Nonverbal communication; Parent

Indexed keywords

EID: 64749108686     PISSN: 01915886     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10919-008-0066-6     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Averill, J. R. (1982). Anger and aggression: An essay on emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
2. Beale, K. S., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2007, March). Ethnicity, SES, and education as predictors of parents' beliefs about children's emotions. In P. Garrett-Peters (Chair). Emotion socialization: Predictors and outcomes. Symposium Presented at the Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston, MA.
3. Brody, L. R., & Hall, J. A. (2008). Gender and emotion in context. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed., pp. 395-408). New York: Guilford Press.
4. R Buck 1977 Nonverbal communication of affect in preschool children: Relationships with personality and skin conductance Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35 225 236
5. R Buck RE Miller WF Caul 1974 Sex, personality, and physiological variables in the communication of affect via facial expression Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30 587 596
6. JT Cacioppo BN Uchino SL Crites MA Snydersmith G Smith GG Berntson PJ Lang 1992 Relationship between facial expressiveness and sympathetic activation in emotion: A critical review, with emphasis on modeling underlying mechanisms and individual differences Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 110 128
7. M Cassano C Perry-Parish J Zeman 2007 Influence of gender on parental socialization of children's sadness regulation Social Development 16 210 231
8. Cervantes, C. A., & Seo, M. (2005). Korean mothers' beliefs about children's emotions: An examination of parenting in a multicultural context. In J. C. Dunsmore (Chair), Multicultural examination of parent's beliefs about children: Meanings, mechanisms, and methods. Symposium Conducted at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Atlanta, GA.
9. RJ Custrini RS Feldman 1989 Children's social competence and nonverbal encoding and decoding of emotions Child Psychology 18 336 342
10. EM Daly R Abramovitch P Pliner 1980 The relationship between mothers' encoding and their children's decoding of facial expressions of emotion Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 26 25 33
11. KW Davidson KM Prkachin DE Mills HM Lefcourt 1994 Comparison of three theories relating facial expressiveness to blood pressure in male and female undergraduates Health Psychology 13 404 411
12. HA Demaree BJ Schmeichel JL Robinson J Pu ED Everhart GG Berntson 2006 Up and down regulating facial disgust: Affective, vagal, sympathetic, and respiratory consequences Biological Psychology 71 90 99
13. SA Denham 1986 Social cognition, prosocial behavior, and emotion in preschoolers: Contextual validation Child Development 57 194 201
14. SA Denham B Bouril F Belouad 1994 Preschoolers' affect and cognition about challenging peer situations Child Study Journal 24 1 21
15. S Denham AT Kochanoff 2002 Parental contributions to preschoolers' understanding of emotion Marriage & Family Review 34 311 343
16. SA Denham M McKinley EA Couchoud R Holt 1990 Emotional and behavioral predictors of preschool peer ratings Child Development 61 1145 1152
17. BM DePaulo R Rosenthal 1979 Age changes in nonverbal decoding skills: Evidence for increasing differentiation Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 25 145 150
18. T Dix 1991 The affective organization of parenting: Adaptive and maladaptive processes Psychological Bulletin 110 3 25
19. Dix, T. (1992). Parenting on behalf of the child: Empathic goals in the regulation of responsive parenting. In I. E. Sigel, A. V. McGillicuddy-DeLisi, & J. J. Goodnow (Eds.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (2nd ed., pp. 319-346). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
20. T Dix 1993 Attributing dispositions to children: An interactional analysis of attribution in socialization Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 633 643
21. CE Domitrovich RC Cortes MT Greenberg 2007 Improving young children's social and emotional competence: A randomized trial of the preschool "PATHS" curriculum Journal of Primary Prevention 28 67 91
22. Dunsmore, J. C., & Halberstadt, A. G. (1997). How does family emotional expressiveness affect children's schemas? In K. C. Barrett (Ed.), The communication of emotion: Current research from diverse perspectives (pp. 45-68). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23. JC Dunsmore MA Karn 2001 Mothers' beliefs about feelings and children's emotional understanding Early Education and Development 12 117 138
24. JC Dunsmore MA Karn 2004 The influence of peer relationships and maternal socialization on kindergartners' developing emotion knowledge Early Education and Development 15 39 56
25. JC Dunsmore LS Smallen 2001 Parents' expressiveness and young children's emotion decoding with parents and unknown adults Journal of Genetic Psychology 162 478 494
26. N Eisenberg A Cumberland TL Spinrad 1998 Parental socialization of emotion Psychological Inquiry 9 241 273
27. N Eisenberg R Lennon 1983 Sex differences in empathy and related capacities Psychological Bulletin 94 100 131
28. N Eisenberg TL Spinrad A Cumberland 1998 The socialization of emotion: Reply to commentaries Psychological Inquiry 9 317 333
29. RS Feldman EJ Coats DA Spielman 1996 Television exposure and children's decoding of nonverbal behavior Journal of Applied Social Psychology 26 1718 1733
30. BL Fredrickson RW Levenson 1998 Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions Cognition & Emotion 12 191 220
31. th, 2001 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 365 376
32. PW Garner DC Jones JL Miner 1994 Social competence among low-income preschoolers: Emotion socialization practices and social cognitive correlates Child Development 65 622 637
33. RB Garside B Klimes-Dougan 2002 Socialization of discrete negative emotions: Gender differences and links with psychological distress Sex Roles 47 115 128
34. DN Glanville S Nowicki 2002 Facial expression recognition and social competence among African American elementary school children: An examination of ethnic differences Journal of Black Psychology 28 318 329
35. JM Gottman LF Katz C Hooven 1996 Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models and preliminary data Journal of Family Psychology 10 243 268
36. Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
37. MT Greenberg CA Kusché ET Cook JP Quamma 1995 Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: The effects of the PATHS curriculum Development and Psychopathology 7 117 136
38. JJ Gross RW Levenson 1993 Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 970 986
39. JJ Gross RW Levenson 1995 Emotion elicitation using films Cognition & Emotion 9 87 108
40. J Hakim-Larson A Parker C Lee J Goodwin S Voelker 2006 Measuring parental meta-emotion: Psychometric properties of the emotion-related parenting styles self-test Early Education and Development 17 229 251
41. AG Halberstadt SA Denham JC Dunsmore 2001 Affective social competence Social Development 10 79 119
42. Halberstadt, A. G., Dunsmore, J. C., Parker, A. E., Beale, K. S., Thompson, J. A, & Bryant, A., Jr. (2008). Unpublished questionnaire.
43. AG Halberstadt KL Eaton 2003 A meta-analysis of family expressiveness and children's emotion expressiveness and understanding Marriage & Family Review 34 35 62
44. Halberstadt, A. G., Thompson, J. A., Parker, A. E., & Dunsmore, J. C. (in press). Parents' emotion-related beliefs and behaviors predict children's reactions to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Infant and Child Development.
45. Hall, J. A. (1984). Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
46. Hall, J. A. (2001). The PONS Test and the psychometric approach to measuring interpersonal sensitivity. In J. A. Hall & F. J. Bernieri (Eds.), Interpersonal sensitivity: Theory and measurement (pp. 143-160). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
47. JA Hall JC Rosip L Smith LeBeau TG Horgan JD Carter 2006 Attributing the sources of accuracy in unequal-power dyadic communication: Who is better and why? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 42 18 27
48. Harter, S. (1990). Processes underlying adolescent self-concept formation. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), From childhood to adolescence: A transitional period? (pp. 205-239). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
49. Harter, S. (1996). Developmental changes in self-understanding across the 5 to 7 shift. In A. J. Sameroff & M. M. Haith (Eds.), Handbook of self-concept: Developmental, social, and clinical considerations (pp. 207-236). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
50. Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
51. LF Katz JM Gottman 1997 Buffering children from marital conflict and dissolution Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 26 157 171
52. LF Katz EC Hunter 2007 Maternal meta-emotion philosophy and adolescent depressive symptomatology Social Development 16 343 360
53. Katz, L. F., Wilson, B., & Gottman, J. M. (1999). Meta-emotion philosophy and family adjustment: Making an emotional connection. In M. J. Cox & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Conflict and cohesion in families: Causes and consequences (pp. 131-165). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
54. LF Katz B Windecker-Nelson 2004 Parental meta-emotion philosophy in families with conduct-problem children: Links with peer relations Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 32 385 398
55. LF Katz B Windecker-Nelson 2006 Domestic violence, emotion coaching, and child adjustment Journal of Family Psychology 20 56 67
56. DA Kenny L Albright 1987 Accuracy in interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis Psychological Bulletin 102 390 402
57. B Klimes-Dougan J Zeman 2007 Introduction to the special issue of social development: Emotion socialization in childhood and adolescence Social Development 16 203 209
58. Knapp, M. L. (1978). Nonverbal communication in human interaction (Vol. 2). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
59. AM Kring AH Gordon 1998 Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 686 703
60. DG Lagacé-Séguin RJ Coplan 2005 Maternal emotional styles and child social adjustment: Assessment, correlates, outcomes and goodness of fit in early childhood Social Development 14 613 636
61. DG Lagacé-Séguin ML d'Entremont 2006 The role of child negative affect in relations between parenting styles and play Early Child Development and Care 176 461 477
62. C Lancelot S Nowicki Jr 1997 The association between receptive nonverbal processing abilities and internalizing/externalizing problems in girls and boys Journal of Genetic Psychology 158 297 302
63. JT Lanzetta RE Kleck 1970 Encoding and decoding of nonverbal affect in humans Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 16 12 19
64. ES Lunkenheimer AM Shields KS Cortina 2007 Parental emotion coaching and dismissing in family interaction Social Development 16 232 248
65. D Matsumoto T Consolacion H Yamada 2002 American-Japanese cultural differences in judgments of emotional expressions of different intensities Cognition & Emotion 16 721 747
66. IB Mauss RW Levenson L McCarter FH Wilhelm JJ Gross 2005 The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology Emotion 5 175 190
67. EB McClure 2000 A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents Psychological Bulletin 126 424 453
68. NL McElwain AG Halberstadt BL Volling 2007 Mother- and father-reported reactions to children's negative emotions: Relations to young children's emotional understanding and friendship quality Child Development 78 1407 1425
69. P Noller 2001 Attachment insecurity as a filter in the decoding and encoding of nonverbal behavior in close relationships Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 29 171 176
70. S Nowicki MP Duke 1992 The association of children's nonverbal decoding abilities with their popularity, locus of control, and academic achievement Journal of Genetic Psychology 153 385 393
71. S Nowicki MP Duke 1994 Individual differences in the nonverbal communication of affect: The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Scale Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 18 9 35
72. RD Parke DJ McDowell 1998 Toward an expanded model of emotion socialization: New people, new pathways Psychological Inquiry 9 303 307
73. P Philippot RS Feldman 1990 Age and social competence in preschoolers' decoding of facial expression Journal of Social Psychology 29 43 54
74. F Pons PL Harris M deRosnay 2004 Emotion comprehension between 3 and 11 years: Developmental periods and hierarchical organization European Journal of Developmental Psychology 1 127 152
75. Saarni, C. (1990). Emotional competence: How emotions and relationships become integrated. In R. A. Thompson (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1988: Socioemotional development. Current theory and research in motivation (Vol. 36, pp. 115-182). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
76. KL Shipman R Schneider MM Fitzgerald 2007 Maternal emotion socialization in maltreating and non-maltreating families: Implications for children's emotion regulation Social Development 16 268 285
77. SE Snodgrass MA Hecht R Ploutz-Snyder 1998 Interpersonal sensitivity: Expressivity or perceptivity? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 238 249
78. R Soussignan 2002 Duchenne smile, emotional experience, and autonomic reactivity: A test of the facial feedback hypothesis Emotion 2 52 74
79. RW Sternglanz BM DePaulo 2004 Reading nonverbal cues to emotions: The advantages and liabilities of relationship closeness Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 28 245 266
80. CM Stocker MK Richmond GK Rhoades L Kiang 2007 Family emotional processes and adolescents' adjustment Social Development 16 310 325
81. MM Tugade BL Fredrickson 2004 Resilient individuals' use of positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 320 333
82. C Webster-Stratton MJ Reid 2004 Strengthening social and emotional competence in young children-the foundation for early school readiness and success: Incredible Years classroom social skills and problem-solving curriculum Infants and Young Children 17 96 113
83. M Zuckerman R Klorman DT Larrance NH Spiegel 1981 Facial, autonomic, and subjective components of emotion: The facial feedback hypothesis versus the externalizer-internalizer distinction Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41 929 944