Application of RGD-containing peptides as imaging probes for alphavbeta3 expression

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 887-899

  Dijkgraaf, Ingrid ^a   Beer, Ambros J ^a   Wester, Hans Jurgen ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Alphavbeta3 integrin; Angiogenesis; Molecular imaging; Noninvasive; Review; Rgd peptides

Indexed keywords

ARGINYL-GLYCYL-ASPARTIC ACID; ARGINYLGLYCYLASPARTIC ACID; OLIGOPEPTIDE; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL; ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MOLECULAR PROBE; MOUSE; NEOPLASM; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; INTEGRIN ALPHAVBETA3; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MICE; MOLECULAR PROBES; NEOPLASMS; OLIGOPEPTIDES; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 63849300752     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/3284     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. John Tamkun, Douglas DeSimone, Deborah Fonda, Ramila Patel, Clayton Buck, Alan Horwitz and Richard Hynes: Structure of integrin, a glycoprotein involved in the transmembrane linkage between fibronectin and actin. Cell 46, 271-281 (1986).
2. A.E. Aplin, A. Howe, S.K. Alahari and R.L. Juliano: Signal transduction and signal modulation by cell adhesion receptors: the role of integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulin-cell adhesion molecules, and selectins. Pharmacol Rev 50, 197-263 (1998). (Pubitemid 28304026)
3. Simone Schoenwaelder and Keith Burridge: Bidirectional signaling between the cytoskeleton and integrins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 11, 274-286 (1999). (Pubitemid 29164045)
4. Steven Frisch and Erkki Ruoslahti: Integrins and anoikis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 9, 701-706 (1997). (Pubitemid 27424927)
5. Alan Howe, Andrew Aplin, Suresh Alahari and RL. Juliano: Integrin signaling and cell growth control. Curr Opin Cell Biol 10, 220-231 (1998). (Pubitemid 28174764)
6. F. Patrick Ross, Jean Chappel, Jose Alvarez, Diane Sander, William Butler, Mary Farach-Carson, Keith Mintz, Pamela Gehron Robey, Steven Teitelbaum and David Cheresh: Interactions between the bone matrix proteins osteopontin and bone sialoprotein and the osteoclast integrin alphavbeta3 potentiate bone resorption. J Biol Chem 268, 9901-9907 (1993). (Pubitemid 23146055)
7. Peter Carmeliet and Rakesh K. Jain: Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 407, 249-257 (2000).
8. Peter Brooks, Richard Clark and David Cheresh: Requirement of vascular integrin alphavbeta3 for angiogenesis. Science 264, 569-571 (1994).
9. Wolfgang Weber: Positron emission tomography as an imaging biomarker. J Clin Oncol 24, 3282-3292 (2006). (Pubitemid 46622068)
10. Farouc Jaffer and Ralph Weissleder: Molecular Imaging in the Clinical Arena. JAMA 293, 855-862 (2005). (Pubitemid 40250370)
11. David Cheresh: Integrins: Structure, function and biological properties. Adv Mol Cell Biol 6, 225-252 (1993).
12. Monique Aumailley, Marion Gurrath, Gerhard Müller, Juan Calvete, Rupert Timpl and Horst Kessler: Arg-Gly-Asp constrained within cyclic pentapeptides. Strong and selective inhibitors of cell adhesion to vitronectin and laminin fragment P1. FEBS Lett 291, 50- 54 (1991).
13. Marion Gurrath, Gerhard Müller, Horst Kessler, Monique Aumailley and Rupert Timpl: Conformation/activity studies of rationally designed potent anti-adhesive RGD peptides. Eur J Biochem 210, 911-921 (1992). (Pubitemid 23015792)
14. Roland Haubner, Rainer Gratias, Beate Diefenbach, Simon Goodman, Alfred Jonczyk and Horst Kessler: Structural and functional aspects of RGD-containing cyclic pentapeptides as highly potent and selective integrin alphavbeta3 antagonists. J Am Chem Soc 118, 7461-7472 (1996). (Pubitemid 26279800)
15. Roland Haubner, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Ute Reuning, Reingard Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, Beate Diefenbach, Horst Kessler, Gerhard Stöcklin and Markus Schwaiger: Radiolabeled alphavbeta3 integrin antagonists: A new class of tracers for tumor targeting. J Nucl Med 40, 1061-1071 (1999). (Pubitemid 29269229)
16. M. Leisner, H. Kessler, M. Schwaiger, H.J. Wester: Synthesis of Na-D-Phe1-Amadori derivatives of Tyr3-octreotide: Precursor for 123I/18F-labelled SSTR-binding SPECT/PET tracers with improved biodistribution. J Label Compd Radiopharm 42, S549-S551 (1999). (Pubitemid 29371373)
17. Margret Schottelius, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Jean Claude Reubi, Reingard Senekowitsch-Schmidtke and Markus Schwaiger: Improvement of pharmacokinetics of radioiodinated Tyr (3)-octreotide by conjugation with carbohydrates. Bioconjugate Chem 13, 1021-1030 (2002).
18. Hans-Jürgen Wester, Margret Schottelius, Klemens Scheidhauer, Günther Meisetschläger, Michael Herz, Friederike Rau, Jean Claude Reubi and Markus Schwaiger: PET imaging of somatostatin receptors: design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel 18F-labelled, carbohydrated analogue of octreotide. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 30, 117-122 (2003). (Pubitemid 36692901)
19. Hans-Jürgen Wester, Margret Schottelius, Klemens Scheidhauer, Jean-Claude Reubi, Ingo Wolf and Markus Schwaiger: Comparison of radioiodinated TOC, TOCA and Mtr-TOCA: the effect of carbohydration on the pharmacokinetics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29, 28-38 (2002). (Pubitemid 34143426)
20. Roland Haubner, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Fred Burkhart, Reingard Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, Wolfgang Weber, Simon Goodman, Horst Kessler and Markus Schwaiger: Glycosylated RGD-containing peptides: tracer for tumor targeting and angiogenesis imaging with improved biokinetics. J Nucl Med 42, 326-336 (2001). (Pubitemid 32150525)
21. Roland Haubner, Bertrand Kuhnast, Christian Mang, Wolfgang Weber, Horst Kessler, Hans-Jürgen Wester and Markus Schwaiger: [18F]Galacto-RGD: Synthesis, radiolabeling, metabolic stability, and radiation dose estimates. Bioconjugate Chem 15, 61-69 (2004). (Pubitemid 38165981)
22. R. Haubner, B. Kuhnast, H. J. Wester, W. A. Weber, R. Huber, R. Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, S. I. Ziegler, S. L. Goodman, H. Kessler and M. Schwaiger: [18F]-RGDpeptides conjugated with hydrophilic tetrapeptides for the noninvasive determination of the alpha (v)beta3 integrin. J Nucl Med 43, 89P (2002).
23. Roland Haubner: Alphavbeta3-integrin imaging: a new approach to characterise angiogenesis? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33, 54-63 (2006).
24. P.M. van Hagen, W.A. Breeman, H.F. Bernard, M. Schaar, C.M. Mooij, A. Srinivasan, M.A. Schmidt, E.P. Krenning and M. de Jong: Evaluation of a radiolabelled cyclic DTPA-RGD analogue for tumour imaging and radionuclide therapy. Int J Cancer 90, 186-198 (2000).
25. Xiaoyuan Chen, Ryan Park, Anthony Shahinian, James Bading and Peter Conti: Pharmacokinetics and tumor retention of 125I-labeled RGD peptide are improved by PEGylation. Nucl Med Biol 31, 11-19 (2004). (Pubitemid 38115121)
26. Xiaoyuan Chen, Yingping Hou, Michel Tohme, Ryan Park, Vazgen Khankaldyyan, Ignacio Gonzales-Gomez, James Bading, Walter Laug and Peter Conti: Pegylated Arg-Gly-Asp peptide: 64Cu labeling and PET imaging of brain tumor alphavbeta3-integrin expression. J Nucl Med 45, 1776-1783 (2004). (Pubitemid 47618490)
27. Xiaoyuan Chen, Ryan Park, Yingping Hou, Vazgen Khankaldyyan, Ignacio Gonzales-Gomez, Michel Tohme, James Bading, Walter Laug and Peter Conti: MicroPET imaging of brain tumor angiogenesis with 18F-labeled PEGylated RGD peptide. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31, 1081-1089 (2004). (Pubitemid 39050174)
28. Merry Lindsey, G. Patricia Escobar, Lawrence Dobrucki, Danielle Goshorn, Shenikqua Bouges, Joseph Mingoia, David McClister, Jr., Haili Su, Joseph Gannon, Catherine MacGillivray, Richard Lee, Albert Sinusas, and Francis Spinale: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene deletion facilitates angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290, H232-H239 (2006).
29. Jing Hua, Lawrence Dobrucki, Mehran Sadeghi, Jiasheng Zhang, Brian Bourke, Patti Cavaliere, James Song, Conroy Chow, Neda Jahanshad, Niels van Royen, Ivo Buschmann, Joseph Madri, Marivi Mendizabal, Albert Sinusas: Noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis with a 99mTc-labeled peptide targeted at alphavbeta3 integrin after murine hindlimb ischemia. Circulation 111, 3255- 3260 (2005). (Pubitemid 40874998)
30. M. Bock, R. Haubner, R. Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, H. Kessler, G. Stöcklin, M. Schwaiger and H.J. Wester: Homo- and heteromultimeric ligand systems as tracers for tumorimaging und endoradiotherapy. Nuclear Med 38, A44 (abstract) (1999).
31. Hans-Jürgen Wester and Horst Kessler: Molecular targeting with peptides or peptide-polymer-conjugates: just a question of size? J Nucl Med 46, 1940-1945 (2005). (Pubitemid 46657438)
32. Thorsten Poethko, Margret Schottelius, Georgette Thumshirn, Michael Herz, Roland Haubner, Gjermund Henriksen, Horst Kessler, Markus Schwaiger and Hans- Jürgen Wester: Chemoselective pre-conjugate radiohalogenation of unprotected mono- and multimeric peptides via oxime formation. Radiochim Acta 92, 317-328 (2004).
33. Thorsten Poethko, Margret Schottelius, Georgette Thumshirn, Ulrich Hersel, Michael Herz, Gjermund Henriksen, Horst Kessler, Markus Schwaiger and Hans- Jürgen Wester: Two-step methodology for high-yield routine radiohalogenation of peptides: (18)F-labeled RGD and octreotide analogs. J Nucl Med 45, 892-902 (2004). (Pubitemid 47618571)
34. Georgette Thumshirn, Ulrich Hersel, Simon Goodman and Horst Kessler: Multimeric cyclic RGD peptides as potential tools for tumor targeting: solid-phase peptide synthesis and chemoselective oxime ligation. Chemistry 9, 2717-2725 (2003).
35. Xiaoyuan Chen, Michel Tohme, Ryan Park, Yingping Hou, James Bading and Peter Conti: Micro-PET imaging of alphavbeta3-integrin expression with 18F-labeled dimeric RGD peptide. Mol Imaging 3, 96-104 (2004).
36. Zi-bo Li, Weibo Cai, Qizhen Cao, Kai Chen, Zhanhong Wu, Lina He and Xiaoyuan Chen: (64)Cu-labeled tetrameric and octameric RGD peptides for small-animal PET of tumor alpha (v)beta (3) integrin expression. J Nucl Med 48, 1162-1171 (2007). (Pubitemid 47052657)
37. Shuang Liu, Wen-Yuan Hsieh, Young Jiang, Young-Seung Kim, Subramanya Sreerama, Xiaoyuan Chen, Bing Jia and Fan Wang: Evaluation of a (99m)Tc-labeled cyclic RGD tetramer for noninvasive imaging integrin alpha (v)beta3-positive breast cancer. Bioconjugate Chem 18, 438-446 (2007). (Pubitemid 46493515)
38. Zhen Cheng, Yun Wu, Zhengming Xiong, Sanjiv Sam Gambhir and Xiaoyuan Chen: Near-infrared fluorescent RGD peptides for optical imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 expression in living mice. Bioconjugate Chem 16, 1433- 1441 (2005). (Pubitemid 41681509)
39. Yun Wu, Xianzhong Zhang, Zhengming Xiong, Zhen Cheng, Darrell Fisher, Shuang Liu, Sanjiv Gambhir and Xiaoyuan Chen: microPET imaging of glioma integrin {alpha}v{beta}3 expression using (64)Cu-labeled tetrameric RGD peptide. J Nucl Med 46, 1707-1718 (2005). (Pubitemid 46211595)
40. Ingrid Dijkgraaf, Anneloes Rijnders, Annemieke Soede, Annemarie Dechesne, G. Wilma van Esse, Arwin Brouwer, Frans Corstens, Otto Boerman, Dirk Rijkers and Rob Liskamp: Synthesis of DOTA-conjugated multivalent cyclic-RGD peptide dendrimers via 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition and their biological evaluation: implications for tumor targeting and tumor imaging purposes. Org Biomol Chem 5, 935-944 (2007). (Pubitemid 46375649)
41. Ingrid Dijkgraaf, John Kruijtzer, Shuang Liu, Annemieke Soede, Wim Oyen, Frans Corstens, Rob Liskamp and Otto Boerman: Improved targeting of the alpha (v)beta (3) integrin by multimerisation of RGD peptides. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34, 267-273 (2007). (Pubitemid 46147510)
42. Marcel Janssen, Wim Oyen, Leon Massuger, Cathelijne Frielink, Ingrid Dijkgraaf, D. Scott Edwards, Milind Radjopadhye, Frans Corstens and Otto Boerman: Comparison of a monomeric and dimeric radiolabeled RGD-peptide for tumor targeting. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 17, 641-646 (2002). (Pubitemid 36025945)
43. Shuang Liu: Radiolabeled multimeric cyclic RGD peptides as integrin alphavbeta3 targeted radiotracers for tumor imaging. Mol Pharm 3, 472-487 (2006). (Pubitemid 44639125)
44. Farouc Jaffer and Ralph Weissleder: Seeing within: molecular imaging of the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 94, 433-445 (2004). (Pubitemid 38326278)
45. Dorothy Sipkins, David Cheresh, Mahmood Kazemi, Linda Nevin, Mark Bednarski and King Li: Detection of tumor angiogenesis in vivo by alphavbeta3-targeted magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Med 4, 623-626 (1998). (Pubitemid 28237365)
46. Patrick Winter, Shelton Caruthers, Andrea Kassner, Thomas Harris, Lori Chinen, John Allen, Elizabeth Lacy, Huiying Zhang, J. David Robertson, Samuel Wickline and Gregory Lanza: Molecular imaging of angiogenesis in nascent Vx-2 rabbit tumors using a novel alphavbeta3-targeted nanoparticle and 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Res 63, 5838-5843 (2003). (Pubitemid 37187482)
47. Anne Schmieder, Patrick Winter, Shelton Caruthers, Thomas Harris, Todd Williams, John Allen, Elizabeth Lacy, Huiying Zhang, Michael Scott, Grace Hu, J. David Robertson, Samuel Wickline and Gregory Lanza: Molecular MR imaging of melanoma angiogenesis with alphavbeta3-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles. Magn Reson Med 53, 621-627 (2005). (Pubitemid 40332283)
48. Daniel J. Thorek, Antony Chen, Julie Czupryna and Andrew Tsourkas: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle probes for molecular imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 34, 23-38 (2006).
49. Chunfu Zhang, Manfred Jugold, Eva Woenne, Twan Lammers, Bernd Morgenstern, Margareta Mueller, Hanswalter Zentgraf, Michael Bock, Michael Eisenhut, Wolfhard Semmler and Fabian Kiessling: Specific targeting of tumor angiogenesis by RGD-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles using a clinical 1.5- T magnetic resonance scanner. Cancer Res 67, 1555-1562 (2007). (Pubitemid 46383379)
50. Xavier Montet, Karin Montet-Abou, Fred Reynolds, Ralph Weissleder and Lee Josephson: Nanoparticle imaging of integrins on tumor cells. Neoplasia 8, 214-222 (2006). (Pubitemid 43671237)
51. Iwona Wierzbicka-Patynowski, Stefan Niewiarowski, Cezary Marcinkiewicz, Juan Calvete, Mariola Marcinkiewicz and Mary Ann McLane: Structural Requirements of Echistatin for the Recognition of alpha vbeta 3 and alpha 5beta 1 Integrins. J Biol Chem 274, 37809-37814 (1999). (Pubitemid 30026844)
52. Dilantha Ellegala, Howard Leong-Poi, Joan Carpenter, Alexander Klibanov, Sanjiv Kaul, Mark Shaffrey, Jiri Sklenar and Jonathan Lindner: Imaging tumor angiogenesis with contrast ultrasound and microbubbles targeted to alpha (v)beta3. Circulation 108, 336-341 (2003). (Pubitemid 36899026)
53. Paul Dayton, David Pearson, Jarrod Clark, Scott Simon, Patricia Schumann, Reena Zutshi, Terry Matsunaga, Katherine Ferrara: Ultrasonic analysis of peptide- and antibody-targeted microbubble contrast agents for molecular imaging of alphavbeta3-expressing cells. Mol Imaging 3, 125-134 (2004).
54. Michaelann Shortencarier Tartis, Jennifer McCallan, Aaron Lum, Rachel LaBell, Susanne Stieger, Terry Matsunaga and Katherine Ferrara: Therapeutic effects of paclitaxel-containing ultrasound contrast agents. Ultrasound Med Biol 32, 1771-1780 (2006). (Pubitemid 44716573)
55. Vasilis Ntziachristos, A. G. Yodh, Mitchell Schnall and Britton Chance: Concurrent MRI and diffuse optical tomography of breast after indocyanine green enhancement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 2767-2772 (2000). (Pubitemid 30159246)
56. David Cuccia, Frederic Bevilacqua, Anthony Durkin, Sean Merritt, Bruce Tromberg, Gultekin Gulsen, Hon Yu, Jun Wang and Orhan Nalcioglu: In vivo quantification of optical contrast agent dynamics in rat tumors by use of diffuse optical spectroscopy with magnetic resonance imaging coregistration. Appl Opt 42, 2940-2950 (2003).
57. Christoph Bremer, Sebastian Bredow, Umar Mahmood, Ralph Weissleder and Ching-Hsuan Tung: Optical imaging of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in tumors: feasibility study in a mouse model. Radiology 221, 523-529 (2001). (Pubitemid 33043440)
58. Xiaoyuan Chen, Peter Conti and Rex Moats: In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 in brain tumor xenografts. Cancer Res 64, 8009-8014 (2004). (Pubitemid 39446936)
59. Zhao-Hui Jin, Véronique Josserand, Stéphanie Foillard, Didier Boturyn, Pascal Dumy, Marie-Christine Favrot and Jean-Luc Coll: In vivo optical imaging of integrin alphaV-beta3 in mice using multivalent or monovalent cRGD targeting vectors. Mol Cancer 6, 41 (2007).
60. Angelika von Wallbrunn, Carsten Höltke, Michael Zühlsdorf, Walter Heindel, Michael Schäfers and Christoph Bremer: In vivo imaging of integrin alpha v beta 3 expression using fluorescence-mediated tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34, 745-754 (2007). (Pubitemid 46669357)
61. Weibo Cai, Andrew Hsu, Zi-Bo Li and Xiaoyuan Chen: Are quantum dots ready for in vivo imaging in human subjects? Nanoscale Res Lett 2, 265-281 (2007). (Pubitemid 47139333)
62. X. Michalet, F. F. Pinaud, L. A. Bentolila, J. M. Tsay, S. Doose, J. J. Li, G. Sundaresan, A. M. Wu, S. S. Gambhir and S. Weiss: Quantum dots for live cells, in vivo imaging, and diagnostics. Science 307, 538-544 (2005). (Pubitemid 40165671)
63. Igor Medintz, H. Tetsuo Uyeda, Ellen Goldman and Hedi Mattoussi: Quantum dot bioconjugates for imaging, labelling and sensing. Nat Mater 4, 435-446 (2005). (Pubitemid 40774047)
64. Weibo Cai, Dong-Woon Shin, Kai Chen, Olivier Gheysens, Qizhen Cao, Shan Wang, Sanjiv Gambhir and Xiaoyuan Chen: Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects. Nano Lett 6, 669-676 (2006).
65. Richard Levenson: Spectral imaging and pathology: seeing more. Lab Med 35, 244-251 (2004). (Pubitemid 38392043)
66. James Mansfield, Kirk Gossage, Clifford Hoyt and Richard Levenson: Autofluorescence removal, multiplexing, and automated analysis methods for in-vivo fluorescence imaging. J Biomed Opt 10, 41207 (2005).
67. John Zimmer, Sang-Wook Kim, Shunsuke Ohnishi, Eichii Tanaka, John Frangioni, Moungi Bawendi: Size series of small indium arsenide-zinc selenide core-shell nanocrystals and application to in vivo imaging. J Am Chem Soc 128, 2526-2527 (2006). (Pubitemid 43327916)
68. Narayan Pradhan, David Battaglia, Yongcheng Liu and Xiaogang Peng: Efficient, stable, small, and watersoluble doped ZnSe nanocrystal emitters as non-cadmium biomedical labels. Nano Lett 7, 312-317 (2007). (Pubitemid 46383589)
69. Willem Mulder, Rolf Koole, Ricardo Brandwijk, Gert Storm, Patrick Chin, Gustav Strijkers, Celso de Mello Donegá, Klaas Nicolay and Arjan Griffioen: Quantum dots with a paramagnetic coating as a bimodal molecular imaging probe. Nano Lett 6, 1-6 (2006). (Pubitemid 43166093)
70. Roland Haubner, Wolfgang Weber, Ambros Beer, Eugenija Vabuliene, Daniel Reim, Mario Sarbia, Karl-Friedrich Becker, Michael Goebel, Rüdiger Hein, Hans- Jürgen Wester, Horst Kessler and Markus Schwaiger: Noninvasive visualization of the activated alphavbeta3 integrin in cancer patients by positron emission tomography and [18F]Galacto-RGD. PLoS Med 2, e70 (2005).
71. Ambros Beer, Roland Haubner, Michael Goebel, Stephan Luderschmidt, Mary Spilker, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Wolfgang Weber and Markus Schwaiger: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the alphavbeta3 selective tracer 18F Galacto-RGD in cancer patients. J Nucl Med 46, 1333- 1341 (2005). (Pubitemid 43733484)
72. Ambros Beer, Roland Haubner, Ingo Wolf, Michael Goebel, Stephan Luderschmidt, Markus Niemeyer, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Maria-Jose Martinez, Hans Jürgen Wester, Wolfgang Weber and Markus Schwaiger: PET-based human dosimetry of 18F-galacto-RGD, a new radiotracer for imaging alphav beta3 expression. J Nucl Med 47, 763- 769 (2006). (Pubitemid 46768438)
73. I. Stangier, H.J. Wester, M. Schwaiger and A.J. Beer: Comparison of standardised uptake values and distribution volume for imaging of alphavbeta3 expression in breast cancer patients with [18F]Galacto-RGD PET. J Nucl Med 48 (S2) 406. (abstract) (2007).
74. Ambros Beer, Roland Haubner, Mario Sarbia, Michael Goebel, Stephan Luderschmidt, Anca Ligia Grosu, Oliver Schnell, Markus Niemeyer, Horst Kessler, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Wolfgang Weber and Markus Schwaiger: Positron emission tomography using [18F]Galacto-RGD identifies the level of integrin alphavbeta3 expresssion in man. Clin Cancer Res 12, 3942-3949 (2006). (Pubitemid 44078079)
75. Ambros Beer, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Janette Carlsen, Andreas Kolk, Mario Sarbia, Isabelle Stangier, Petra Watzlowik, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Roland Haubner and Markus Schwaiger: [18F]Galacto-RGD PET for Imaging of alphavbeta3 Expression on Neovasculature in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Clin Cancer Res 13, 6610-6616 (2007). (Pubitemid 350206795)
76. Ambros Beer, Sylvie Lorenzen, Stephan Metz, Ken Herrmann, Petra Watzlowik, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Christian Peschel, Florian Lordick and Markus Schwaiger: Comparison of integrin alphavbeta3 expression and glucose metabolism in primary and metastatic lesions in cancer patients: A PET study using [18F]Galacto-RGD and [18F]FDG. J Nucl Med 49, 22-29 (2008).
77. Tore Bach-Gansmo, Rimma Danielsson, Ariel Saracco, Brigitte Wilczek, Trond Bogsrud, Anne Fangberget, Åse Tangerud and Derek Tobin: Integrin receptor imaging of breast cancer: a proof-of-concept study to evaluate 99mTc- NC100692. J Nucl Med 47, 1434-1439 (2006). (Pubitemid 47544928)
78. Ambros Beer, Markus Niemeyer, Janette Carlsen, Mario Sarbia, Jörg Nährig, Petra Watzlowik, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Nadia Harbeck and Markus Schwaiger: Patterns of alphavbeta3 Expression in Primary and Metastatic Human Breast Cancer as shown by [18F]Galacto-RGD PET. J Nucl Med 49, 255-259 (2008). (Pubitemid 351225664)