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300412 Basic guide to the mechanisms of antiestrogen action. MacGregor JI, Jordan VC PHARMACOL REV 1998 50 2 151-196
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347643 Effect of estrogen agonists and antagonists on induction of progesterone receptor in a rat hypothalamic cell line. Fitzpatrick SL, Berrodin TJ, Jenkins SF, Sindoni DM, Deecher DC, Frail DE ENDOCRINOLOGY 1999 140 9 3928-3937
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489229 Zonagen reports first quarter financial results. Zonagen Inc PRESS RELEASE 2003 May 12
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489229 Zonagen reports first quarter financial results. Zonagen Inc PRESS RELEASE 2003 May 12
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60049098582
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581223 Drug development pipeline: Nebido. Schering AG COMPANY COMMUNICATION 2005 January 24
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581223 Drug development pipeline: Nebido. Schering AG COMPANY COMMUNICATION 2005 January 24
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618325 Schering Korea: Company history. Schering AG COMPANY WORLD WIDE WEB SITE 2005 August 17
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618325 Schering Korea: Company history. Schering AG COMPANY WORLD WIDE WEB SITE 2005 August 17
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60049099754
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648612 Zonagen's Androxal does not induce supra-normal testosterone levels Zonagen Inc PRESS RELEASE 2006 February 03
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648612 Zonagen's Androxal does not induce supra-normal testosterone levels Zonagen Inc PRESS RELEASE 2006 February 03
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664911 Zonagen reports first quarter 2006 financial results. Zonagen Inc PRESS RELEASE 2006 May 01
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664911 Zonagen reports first quarter 2006 financial results. Zonagen Inc PRESS RELEASE 2006 May 01
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60049093080
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675424 Androxal (oral enclomiphene citrate) raises free and total testosterone in hypogonadal men: Comparison with androgel 1, Wiehle RD, Garcia WD, Willett MS, Podolski JS AM SOC REPROD MED 2004 60 October 19 Abs O-216
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675424 Androxal (oral enclomiphene citrate) raises free and total testosterone in hypogonadal men: Comparison with androgel 1%. Wiehle RD, Garcia WD, Willett MS, Podolski JS AM SOC REPROD MED 2004 60 October 19 Abs O-216
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60049097820
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839585 Repros provides update for regulatory program associated with Androxal development. Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2007 October 15
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839585 Repros provides update for regulatory program associated with Androxal development. Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2007 October 15
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849625 Repros Therapeutics Inc reports third quarter 2007 financial results and provides clinical development update Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2007 November 09
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849625 Repros Therapeutics Inc reports third quarter 2007 financial results and provides clinical development update Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2007 November 09
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850154 Enclomiphene (Androxal) raises testosterone in men with low or normal testosterone and provides a more normal daily rhythm. Wiehle RD, Podolski JS, van As A J ANDROL 2007 Suppl S 64-65 • This abstract of a phase i clinical trial reports pharmacodynamics in 13 men with low to normal testosterone levels treated with enclomiphene 25 mg/day po for 14 days, at day 15, all patients exhibited mean testosterone levels within the 'normal' range; a mean increase in serum testosterone from baseline of 297.5 ng/dl was recorded. at 4 weeks, testosterone levels had returned to baseline levels in all patients
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850154 Enclomiphene (Androxal) raises testosterone in men with low or normal testosterone and provides a more normal daily rhythm. Wiehle RD, Podolski JS, van As A J ANDROL 2007 Suppl S 64-65 • This abstract of a phase i clinical trial reports pharmacodynamics in 13 men with low to normal testosterone levels treated with enclomiphene (25 mg/day po for 14 days). at day 15, all patients exhibited mean testosterone levels within the 'normal' range; a mean increase in serum testosterone from baseline of 297.5 ng/dl was recorded. at 4 weeks, testosterone levels had returned to baseline levels in all patients.
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892632 Effect of anastrozole on bone mineral density: 5-Year results from the anastrozole, tamoxifen, alone or in combination trial 18233230. Eastell R, Adams JE, Coleman RE, Howell A, Hannon RA, Cuzick J, Mackey JR, Beckmann MW, Clack G J CLIN ONCOL 2008 26 7 1051-1057
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892632 Effect of anastrozole on bone mineral density: 5-Year results from the anastrozole, tamoxifen, alone or in combination trial 18233230. Eastell R, Adams JE, Coleman RE, Howell A, Hannon RA, Cuzick J, Mackey JR, Beckmann MW, Clack G J CLIN ONCOL 2008 26 7 1051-1057
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908480 Androxal (enclomiphene citrate) acts centrally on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to increase LH, FSH and testosterone in men with adult idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Wiehle RD, van As A, Podolski JS J UROL 2008 179 4 Suppl 426
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908480 Androxal (enclomiphene citrate) acts centrally on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to increase LH, FSH and testosterone in men with adult idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Wiehle RD, van As A, Podolski JS J UROL 2008 179 4 Suppl 426
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921247 Repros Therapeutics Inc initiates a comparative phase 2b study of oral androxal as compared to topical testim examining effects on male fertility and testicular function. Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2008 June 30
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921247 Repros Therapeutics Inc initiates a comparative phase 2b study of oral androxal as compared to topical testim examining effects on male fertility and testicular function. Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2008 June 30
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946487 Indevus and FDA agree on path forward for NEBIDO. Indevus Pharmaceuticals Inc PRESS RELEASE 2008 September 26
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946487 Indevus and FDA agree on path forward for NEBIDO. Indevus Pharmaceuticals Inc PRESS RELEASE 2008 September 26
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952541 Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens. Morishima A, Grumbach MM, Simpson ER, Fisher C, Qin K J CLIN ENDOCRINOL METAB 1995 80 12 3689-3698
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952570 Effects of aromatase inhibition in hypogonadal older men: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Burnett-Bowie SA, Roupenian KC, Dere ME, Lee H, Leder BZ CLIN ENDOCRINOL (OXF) 2008 70 1 116-123
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952585 Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ding EL, Song Y, Malik VS, Liu S JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 2006 295 11 1288-1299
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952594 Leptin and androgens in male obesity: Evidence for leptin contribution to reduced androgen levels. Isidori AM, Caprio M, Strollo F J CLIN ENDOCRINOL METAB 1999 84 10 3673-3680
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952596 Frequent occurrence of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes. Dhindsa S, Prabhakar S, Sethi M, Bandyopadhyay A, Chaudhuri A, Dandona P J CLIN ENDOCRINOL METAB 2004 89 11 5462-5468
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952615 Estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene on gonadotropin secretion by ovine pituitary cells in culture. Huang ES, Miller WL ENDOCRINOLOGY 1983 112 2 442-448
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957987 Enclomiphene citrate (Androxal) decreases serum glucose in men with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. van As A, Wiehle RD ANN MEET ENDOCRINE SOC 2008 June 14-18 Abs P3-641 •• Results from a phase IIb/III, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 199 men with adult-onset hypogonadism treated with enclomiphene (12.5 and 25 mg po, qd) or topical androgel (5 g) for 6 months demonstrated that enclomiphene reduced FPG in men with high glucose levels. The rate of responders (at least two decreases in FPG by ≥ 10 mg/dl in 6 months) was 84 and 57% with 12.5- and 25-mg doses of enclomiphene, respectively, 41% for androgel and 35% for placebo. The reduction in the 12.5-mg enclomiphene high-glucose group was statistically significant (p, 0.002) compared with both baseline and a lower glucose group at the same dose
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957987 Enclomiphene citrate (Androxal) decreases serum glucose in men with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. van As A, Wiehle RD ANN MEET ENDOCRINE SOC 2008 June 14-18 Abs P3-641 •• Results from a phase IIb/III, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 199 men with adult-onset hypogonadism treated with enclomiphene (12.5 and 25 mg po, qd) or topical androgel (5 g) for 6 months demonstrated that enclomiphene reduced FPG in men with high glucose levels. The rate of responders (at least two decreases in FPG by ≥ 10 mg/dl in 6 months) was 84 and 57% with 12.5- and 25-mg doses of enclomiphene, respectively, 41% for androgel and 35% for placebo. The reduction in the 12.5-mg enclomiphene high-glucose group was statistically significant (p = 0.002) compared with both baseline and a lower glucose group at the same dose.
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958070 Hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes. Jones TH PRACT DIAB INT 2007 24 5 269-277
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958102 Oral enclomiphene raises total serum testosterone in baboons and hypogonadal men. Wiehle R, Rice K, Garcia W, Willett M, Podolski J INT CONG ENDOCRINOL 2004 12 Abs 369
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958102 Oral enclomiphene raises total serum testosterone in baboons and hypogonadal men. Wiehle R, Rice K, Garcia W, Willett M, Podolski J INT CONG ENDOCRINOL 2004 12 Abs 369
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958108 WO2006019916: Trans-clomiphene for the treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy, prostate cancer, hypogonadism, elevated triglycerides and high cholesterol. Zonagen Inc WORLD PATENT 2006 February 23 •• World patent that includes data from a study of the effects of 12 days of treatment with clomiphene citrate, enclomiphene or zuclomiphene (all administered at 1.5 mg/kg/day) in baboons. Total serum testosterone was increased by enclomiphene (8-fold) and clomiphene citrate (5-fold, but reduced by zuclomiphene. There were no effects on the levels of lh or FSH. Efficacy results from a phase I/II clinical trial of enclomiphene (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/day po) compared with AndroGel (5 or 10 g/day) in 62 hypogonadal men were also reported. after 14 days, enclomiphene dose-dependently increased mean total and apparent free serum testosterone levels from baseline and was more effective than AndroGel. All doses of enclomiphene were associated with a total testosteron
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958108 WO2006019916: Trans-clomiphene for the treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy, prostate cancer, hypogonadism, elevated triglycerides and high cholesterol. Zonagen Inc WORLD PATENT 2006 February 23 •• World patent that includes data from a study of the effects of 12 days of treatment with clomiphene citrate, enclomiphene or zuclomiphene (all administered at 1.5 mg/kg/day) in baboons. Total serum testosterone was increased by enclomiphene (8-fold) and clomiphene citrate (5-fold), but reduced by zuclomiphene. There were no effects on the levels of lh or FSH. Efficacy results from a phase I/II clinical trial of enclomiphene (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/day po) compared with AndroGel (5 or 10 g/day) in 62 hypogonadal men were also reported. after 14 days, enclomiphene dose-dependently increased mean total and apparent free serum testosterone levels from baseline and was more effective than AndroGel. All doses of enclomiphene were associated with a total testosterone diurnal pattern following a morning peak, a midday trough and a rise overnight compared with a nearly flat pattern with AndroGel. Levels of DHT relative to total serum testosterone increased by a factor of > 1.5 for men on either dose of AndroGel compared with 0.83 with enclomiphene (50 mg/day).
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961521 Repros Therapeutics Inc reports third quarter 2008 financial results. Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2008 November 10
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961521 Repros Therapeutics Inc reports third quarter 2008 financial results. Repros Therapeutics Inc PRESS RELEASE 2008 November 10
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961723 Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Belchetz PE, Plant TM, Nakai Y, Keogh EJ, Knobil E SCIENCE 1978 202 4368 631-633
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963069 Repros' Androxal shows highly statistically significant positive effects in men with secondary hypogonadism. Bio Medicine INTERNET SITE 2007 June 5 •• Results from a placebo-controlled phase IIb/III clinical trial in 199 men with adult-onset hypogonadism treated with enclomiphene (12.5 and 25 mg/day po) or topical Androgel (5 g) for 6 months demonstrated that enclomiphene improved mean total serum testosterone levels by 184.3 and 259.2 ng/dl with 12.5- and 25-mg doses, respectively, compared with placebo (6.4 ng/dl) and androgel 168.3 ng/dl, Normal testosterone levels were achieved in 73.0 and 79.2% of patients receiving 12.5- and 25-mg enclomiphene, respectively, compared with 28.3% for placebo and 57.0% for AndroGel. Levels of LH increased with enclomiphene, but significantly reduced with AndroGel. Levels of FSH, E2 and DHT also increased with enclomiphene treatment
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963869 Chapter 11: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Jones TH OXFORD ENDOCRINOL LIBRARY: TESTOSTERONE DEFICIENCY MEN (EDS: JONES TH) 2008 Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 107-120
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