메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 74-83

Ginsenoside Rg1 restores the impairment of learning induced by chronic morphine administration in rats

Author keywords

Learning; Long term potentiation (LTP); Morphine; N methyl D aspartate (NMDA) receptor; Rg1

Indexed keywords

DIZOCILPINE; GINSENOSIDE RG 1; MORPHINE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT;

EID: 58649111216     PISSN: 02698811     EISSN: 14617285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0269881107082950     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0344404312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent impairing effects of morphine on avoidance acquisition and performance in male mice
    • Aguilar M.A., Minarro J., Simon V.M. (1998) Dose-dependent impairing effects of morphine on avoidance acquisition and performance in male mice. Neurobiol Learn Behav 69: 92-105
    • (1998) Neurobiol Learn Behav , vol.69 , pp. 92-105
    • Aguilar, M.A.1    Minarro, J.2    Simon, V.M.3
  • 2
    • 0027476024 scopus 로고
    • A synaptic model of memory: Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
    • Bliss T.V., Collingridge G.L. (1993) A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Nature 361: 31-39
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 31-39
    • Bliss, T.V.1    Collingridge, G.L.2
  • 4
    • 0006064838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Panax ginseng and its constituents on drug-induced memory impairment in rats
    • Chang Y.S., Wu C.R., Ho Y.L., Hsieh M.T. (1998) Effects of Panax ginseng and its constituents on drug-induced memory impairment in rats. Proc 7th Intl Symp Ginseng 289-299
    • Proc 7th Intl Symp Ginseng
    • Chang, Y.S.1    Wu, C.R.2    Ho, Y.L.3    Hsieh, M.T.4
  • 5
    • 0030033167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective neuronal NO synthase inhibitor 7-nitor-indazole blocks both long-term potentiation and depotentiation of field EPSPs in rat hippocampal CA1 in vivo
    • Doyle C., Hö-lscher C., Rowan M.J., Anwyl R. (1996) The selective neuronal NO synthase inhibitor 7-nitor-indazole blocks both long-term potentiation and depotentiation of field EPSPs in rat hippocampal CA1 in vivo. J Neurosci 16: 418-424
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 418-424
    • Doyle, C.1    Hö-Lscher, C.2    Rowan, M.J.3    Anwyl, R.4
  • 7
    • 0033039909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat hippocampus attenuates morphine tolerance and dependence
    • Fan G.H., Wang L.Z., Qiu H.C., Ma L., Pei G. (1999) Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat hippocampus attenuates morphine tolerance and dependence. Mol Pharmacol 56: 39-45
    • (1999) Mol Pharmacol , vol.56 , pp. 39-45
    • Fan, G.H.1    Wang, L.Z.2    Qiu, H.C.3    Ma, L.4    Pei, G.5
  • 8
    • 0023589420 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological performance in opiate addicts after rapid detoxification
    • Guerra D., Sole A., Cami J., Tobena A. (1987) Neuropsychological performance in opiate addicts after rapid detoxification. Drug Alcohol Depend 20: 261-270
    • (1987) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.20 , pp. 261-270
    • Guerra, D.1    Sole, A.2    Cami, J.3    Tobena, A.4
  • 10
    • 0035168131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic intracerebroventricular morphine infusions affect long-term potentiation differently in the lateral perforant path
    • Ito Y., Tabata K., Makimura M., Fukuda H. (2001) Acute and chronic intracerebroventricular morphine infusions affect long-term potentiation differently in the lateral perforant path. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 70: 353-358
    • (2001) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.70 , pp. 353-358
    • Ito, Y.1    Tabata, K.2    Makimura, M.3    Fukuda, H.4
  • 11
    • 0025870345 scopus 로고
    • Effect of Panax ginseng extract on passive avoidance retention in old rats
    • Jaenickes B., Kim E.J., Ahn J.W., Lee H.S. (1991) Effect of Panax ginseng extract on passive avoidance retention in old rats. Arch Pharm Res 14: 25-29
    • (1991) Arch Pharm Res , vol.14 , pp. 25-29
    • Jaenickes, B.1    Kim, E.J.2    Ahn, J.W.3    Lee, H.S.4
  • 12
    • 0027257348 scopus 로고
    • On the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory in the rat
    • Jarrard L.E. (1993) On the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory in the rat. Behav Neural Biol 60: 9-26
    • (1993) Behav Neural Biol , vol.60 , pp. 9-26
    • Jarrard, L.E.1
  • 13
    • 0032985664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Korean red ginseng saponins with low ratios of protopanaxdiol and protopanaxatriol saponin improve scopolamine-induced learning disability and spatial working memory in mice
    • Jin S.H., Park J.K., Nam K.Y., Park S.N., Jung N.P. (1999) Korean red ginseng saponins with low ratios of protopanaxdiol and protopanaxatriol saponin improve scopolamine-induced learning disability and spatial working memory in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 66: 123-129
    • (1999) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.66 , pp. 123-129
    • Jin, S.H.1    Park, J.K.2    Nam, K.Y.3    Park, S.N.4    Jung, N.P.5
  • 14
    • 0033832054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pharmacological analysis of the substrates underlying conditioned feeding induced by repeated opioid stimulation of the nucleus accumbens
    • Kelley A.E., Bakshi V.P., Fleming S., Holahan M.R. (2000) A pharmacological analysis of the substrates underlying conditioned feeding induced by repeated opioid stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 23: 455-467
    • (2000) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.23 , pp. 455-467
    • Kelley, A.E.1    Bakshi, V.P.2    Fleming, S.3    Holahan, M.R.4
  • 15
    • 0031595223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 on morphine-induced hyperactivity and reinforcement in mice
    • Kim H.S., Hong Y.T., Jang C.G. (1998) Effects of the ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 on morphine-induced hyperactivity and reinforcement in mice. J Pharma Pharmaco l50: 555-560
    • (1998) J Pharma Pharmaco , vol.50 , pp. 555-560
    • Kim, H.S.1    Hong, Y.T.2    Jang, C.G.3
  • 16
    • 0023080349 scopus 로고
    • Effect of piracetam and of standardized ginseng extract on the electroconvulsive shock-induced memory disturbances in 'step-down' passive avoidance
    • Lasarova M.B., Mosharrof A.H., Petkov V.D., Markovska V.L., Petkov V.V. (1987) Effect of piracetam and of standardized ginseng extract on the electroconvulsive shock-induced memory disturbances in 'step-down' passive avoidance. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 13: 11-17
    • (1987) Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg , vol.13 , pp. 11-17
    • Lasarova, M.B.1    Mosharrof, A.H.2    Petkov, V.D.3    Markovska, V.L.4    Petkov, V.V.5
  • 17
    • 0030816449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters
    • Leshner A.I. (1997) Addiction is a brain disease, and it matters. Science 278: 45-47
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 45-47
    • Leshner, A.I.1
  • 18
    • 0029968938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on c-fos gene expression and cAMP levels in rat hippocampus
    • Liu M., Zhang J.T. (1996) Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on c-fos gene expression and cAMP levels in rat hippocampus. Acta Pharmacol Sin 17: 171-174
    • (1996) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.17 , pp. 171-174
    • Liu, M.1    Zhang, J.T.2
  • 19
    • 0032586887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of Ca 2+/calmodulindependent protein kinase II activity by acute and chronic morphine administration in rat hippocampus: Differential regulation of α and β isoforms
    • Lou L., Zhou T., Wang P., Pei G. (1999) Modulation of Ca 2+/calmodulindependent protein kinase II activity by acute and chronic morphine administration in rat hippocampus: differential regulation of α and β isoforms. Mol Pharmacol 55: 557-563
    • (1999) Mol Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. 557-563
    • Lou, L.1    Zhou, T.2    Wang, P.3    Pei, G.4
  • 20
    • 0019423917 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enkephalin, morphine and naloxone on the electrical activity of the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation
    • Lynch G.S., Jensen R.A., McGauch J.L., Davila K., Oliver M.W. (1981) Effects of enkephalin, morphine and naloxone on the electrical activity of the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Exp Neurol 71: 527-540
    • (1981) Exp Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 527-540
    • Lynch, G.S.1    Jensen, R.A.2    McGauch, J.L.3    Davila, K.4    Oliver, M.W.5
  • 21
    • 0031227899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a polysaccharide fraction of ginseng root on learning and memory in rats (using an active escape response as an example)
    • Lyubimov I.I., Borzenkov V.M., Chepurnova N.E., Chepurnov S.A. (1997) Effect of a polysaccharide fraction of ginseng root on learning and memory in rats (using an active escape response as an example). Neurosci Behav Physiol 27: 555-558
    • (1997) Neurosci Behav Physiol , vol.27 , pp. 555-558
    • Lyubimov, I.I.1    Borzenkov, V.M.2    Chepurnova, N.E.3    Chepurnov, S.A.4
  • 22
    • 0033578855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation-a decade progress?
    • Malenka R.C., Nicoll R.A. (1999) Long-term potentiation-a decade progress? Science 285: 1870-1874
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1870-1874
    • Malenka, R.C.1    Nicoll, R.A.2
  • 23
    • 0022650213 scopus 로고
    • Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5
    • Morris R G M, Anderson E., Lynch G.S., Baudry M. (1986) Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5. Nature 319: 774-776
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 774-776
    • Morris, R.G.M.1    Anderson, E.2    Lynch, G.S.3    Baudry, M.4
  • 24
    • 0032566584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired spatial learning after saturation of long-term potentiation
    • Moser E.I., Krobert K.A., Moser M.B., Morris R G M (1998) Impaired spatial learning after saturation of long-term potentiation. Science 281: 2038-2042
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 2038-2042
    • Moser, E.I.1    Krobert, K.A.2    Moser, M.B.3    Morris, R.G.M.4
  • 25
    • 0035933526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total recall-the memory of addiction
    • Nestler E.J. (2001) Total recall-the memory of addiction. Science 292: 2266-2267
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 2266-2267
    • Nestler, E.J.1
  • 26
    • 0030766528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular basis of addiction
    • Nestler E.J., Aghajanian G.K. (1997) Molecular and cellular basis of addiction. Science 278: 58-63
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 58-63
    • Nestler, E.J.1    Aghajanian, G.K.2
  • 27
    • 0027536163 scopus 로고
    • Panax ginseng extract improves scopolamine-induced deficits in working memory performance in the T-maze delayed alternation task in rats
    • Ni X.H., Ohta H., Watanabe H., Matsumoto K. (1993) Panax ginseng extract improves scopolamine-induced deficits in working memory performance in the T-maze delayed alternation task in rats. Phytotherapy Res 7: 49-52
    • (1993) Phytotherapy Res , vol.7 , pp. 49-52
    • Ni, X.H.1    Ohta, H.2    Watanabe, H.3    Matsumoto, K.4
  • 28
    • 0029163510 scopus 로고
    • Panax ginseng extract improves the performance of aged Fischer 344 rats in radial maze task but not in operant brightness discrimination task
    • Nitta H., Matsumoto K., Shimizu M., Ni X.H., Watanabe H. (1995 a) Panax ginseng extract improves the performance of aged Fischer 344 rats in radial maze task but not in operant brightness discrimination task. Biol Pharm Bull 18: 1286-1288
    • (1995) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.18 , pp. 1286-1288
    • Nitta, H.1    Matsumoto, K.2    Shimizu, M.3    Ni, X.H.4    Watanabe, H.5
  • 29
    • 0028825740 scopus 로고
    • Panax ginseng extract improves the scopolamine-induced disruption of 8-arm radial maze performance in rats
    • Nitta H., Matsumoto K., Shimizu M., Ni X.H., Watanabe H. (1995 b) Panax ginseng extract improves the scopolamine-induced disruption of 8-arm radial maze performance in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 18: 1439-1442
    • (1995) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.18 , pp. 1439-1442
    • Nitta, H.1    Matsumoto, K.2    Shimizu, M.3    Ni, X.H.4    Watanabe, H.5
  • 30
    • 0030840468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A range of research-based pharmacotherapies for addiction
    • O'Brien C.P. (1997) A range of research-based pharmacotherapies for addiction. Science 278: 66-70
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 66-70
    • O'Brien, C.P.1
  • 31
    • 0023065860 scopus 로고
    • Effects of standardized ginseng extract on learning, memory and physical capabilities
    • Petkov V.D., Mosharrof A.H. (1987) Effects of standardized ginseng extract on learning, memory and physical capabilities. Am J Chin Med 15: 19-29
    • (1987) Am J Chin Med , vol.15 , pp. 19-29
    • Petkov, V.D.1    Mosharrof, A.H.2
  • 34
    • 0027410729 scopus 로고
    • Memory effects of standardized extracts of Panax ginseng (G115), Ginkgo biloba (GK 501) and their combination Gincosan (PHL-00701)
    • Petkov V.D., Kehayov R., Belcheva S., Konstantinova E., Petkov V.V., Getova D., Markovska V. (1993) Memory effects of standardized extracts of Panax ginseng (G115). Ginkgo biloba (GK 501) and their combination Gincosan (PHL-00701). Planta Med 59: 106-114
    • (1993) Planta Med , vol.59 , pp. 106-114
    • Petkov, V.D.1    Kehayov, R.2    Belcheva, S.3    Konstantinova, E.4    Petkov, V.V.5    Getova, D.6    Markovska, V.7
  • 35
    • 0036523028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal long-term potentiation is reduced by chronic opiate treatment and can be restored by re-exposure to opiates
    • Pu L., Bao G.B., Xu N.J., Ma L., Pie G. (2002) Hippocampal long-term potentiation is reduced by chronic opiate treatment and can be restored by re-exposure to opiates. J Neurosci 22: 1914-1921
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 1914-1921
    • Pu, L.1    Bao, G.B.2    Xu, N.J.3    Ma, L.4    Pie, G.5
  • 36
    • 33646515741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NT-1, an active constituent extracted from Tiaoxin Recipe, enhances long-term potentiation of CA1 subfield in rat hippocampal slices
    • Qiao H.F., Yang S., Zhou W.X., Zhang Y.X. (2006) NT-1, an active constituent extracted from Tiaoxin Recipe, enhances long-term potentiation of CA1 subfield in rat hippocampal slices. Life Sci 79: 8-15
    • (2006) Life Sci , vol.79 , pp. 8-15
    • Qiao, H.F.1    Yang, S.2    Zhou, W.X.3    Zhang, Y.X.4
  • 37
    • 11444265610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA glutamate but not dopamine antagonists blocks drug-induced reinstatement of morphine place preference
    • Ribeiro Do Couto B., Aguilar M.A., Manzanedo C., Rodríguez-Arias M., Miñarro J. (2005) NMDA glutamate but not dopamine antagonists blocks drug-induced reinstatement of morphine place preference. Brain Res Bull 64: 493-503
    • (2005) Brain Res Bull , vol.64 , pp. 493-503
    • Ribeiro Do Couto, B.1    Aguilar, M.A.2    Manzanedo, C.3    Rodríguez-Arias, M.4    Miñarro, J.5
  • 38
    • 0035041981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function of the hippocampus in memory formation: Desperately seeking resolution
    • Riedel G., Micheau J. (2001) Function of the hippocampus in memory formation: desperately seeking resolution. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 25: 835-853
    • (2001) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 835-853
    • Riedel, G.1    Micheau, J.2
  • 40
    • 0033561459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug addiction: Bad habits add up
    • Robbins T.W., Everitt B.J. (1999) Drug addiction: bad habits add up. Nature 398: 567-570
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 567-570
    • Robbins, T.W.1    Everitt, B.J.2
  • 41
    • 0018860543 scopus 로고
    • Morphine excitation: Effects on field potentials recorded in the in vitro hippocampal slice
    • Robinson J.H., Deadwyler S.A. (1980) Morphine excitation: effects on field potentials recorded in the in vitro hippocampal slice. Neuropharmacology 19: 507-514
    • (1980) Neuropharmacology , vol.19 , pp. 507-514
    • Robinson, J.H.1    Deadwyler, S.A.2
  • 42
    • 0001780741 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory
    • Shibata S, Ohtsuka Y, Saito H (eds), Hirokawa, Tokyo
    • Saito H. (1990) Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory. In Shibata S, Ohtsuka Y, Saito H (eds). Recent advances in ginseng studies. Hirokawa, Tokyo
    • (1990) Recent Advances in Ginseng Studies
    • Saito, H.1
  • 43
    • 0017717975 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Panax ginseng root on conditioned avoidance response in rats
    • Saito H., Tsuchiya M., Naka S., Takagi K. (1977) Effects of Panax ginseng root on conditioned avoidance response in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 27: 509-516
    • (1977) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.27 , pp. 509-516
    • Saito, H.1    Tsuchiya, M.2    Naka, S.3    Takagi, K.4
  • 44
    • 0018359373 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Panax ginseng root on acquisition of sound discrimination behavior in rats
    • Saito H., Tsuchiya M., Naka S., Takagi K. (1979) Effects of Panax ginseng root on acquisition of sound discrimination behavior in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 29: 319-324
    • (1979) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.29 , pp. 319-324
    • Saito, H.1    Tsuchiya, M.2    Naka, S.3    Takagi, K.4
  • 45
    • 0028171188 scopus 로고
    • Chronic morphine affects working memory during treatment and withdrawal in rats: Possible residual long-term impairment
    • Sala M.M., Braida D.D., Leone M.M., Calcaterra P.P., Frattola D.D., Gori E.E. (1994) Chronic morphine affects working memory during treatment and withdrawal in rats: possible residual long-term impairment. Behav Pharmacol 5: 570-580
    • (1994) Behav Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 570-580
    • Sala, M.M.1    Braida, D.D.2    Leone, M.M.3    Calcaterra, P.P.4    Frattola, D.D.5    Gori, E.E.6
  • 46
    • 0037435974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence on morphine leads to a prominent sharing among the different mechanisms of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus
    • Salmanzadeh F., Fathollahi Y., Semnanian S., Shafizadeh M., Kazemnejad A. (2003) Dependence on morphine leads to a prominent sharing among the different mechanisms of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus. Brain Res 963: 93-100
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.963 , pp. 93-100
    • Salmanzadeh, F.1    Fathollahi, Y.2    Semnanian, S.3    Shafizadeh, M.4    Kazemnejad, A.5
  • 47
    • 0022387156 scopus 로고
    • Effects of single and repeated daily injections of morphine, clonidine, and L-nantradol on avoidance responding of rats
    • Smith J.B. (1985) Effects of single and repeated daily injections of morphine, clonidine, and L-nantradol on avoidance responding of rats. Psycopharmacology 87: 425-429
    • (1985) Psycopharmacology , vol.87 , pp. 425-429
    • Smith, J.B.1
  • 48
    • 0025883280 scopus 로고
    • Chronic opioids impair acquisition of both radial maze and Y. maze choice escape
    • Spain J.W., Newsom G.C. (1991) Chronic opioids impair acquisition of both radial maze and Y. maze choice escape. Psychopharmacology 105: 101-106
    • (1991) Psychopharmacology , vol.105 , pp. 101-106
    • Spain, J.W.1    Newsom, G.C.2
  • 49
    • 0021061750 scopus 로고
    • Blockade of long-term potentiation by phencyclidine and sigma opiates in the hippocampus in vivo and in vitro
    • Stringer J.L., Greenfield L.J., Hackett J.T., Guyenet P.G. (1983) Blockade of long-term potentiation by phencyclidine and sigma opiates in the hippocampus in vivo and in vitro. Brain Res 280: 127-138
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.280 , pp. 127-138
    • Stringer, J.L.1    Greenfield, L.J.2    Hackett, J.T.3    Guyenet, P.G.4
  • 51
    • 0025971938 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801
    • Trujillo K.A., Akil H. (1991) Inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Science 251: 85-87
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 85-87
    • Trujillo, K.A.1    Akil, H.2
  • 52
    • 0033847254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are NMDA receptors involved in opiate-induced neural and behavioral plasticity? a review of preclinical studies
    • Trujillo K.A. (2000) Are NMDA receptors involved in opiate-induced neural and behavioral plasticity? A review of preclinical studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 151: 121-141
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.151 , pp. 121-141
    • Trujillo, K.A.1
  • 53
    • 0035843905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapse to cocaine-seeking after hippocampal theta burst stimulation
    • Vorel S.R., Liu X., Hayes R.J., Spector J.A., Gardner E.L. (2001) Relapse to cocaine-seeking after hippocampal theta burst stimulation. Science 292: 1175-1178
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1175-1178
    • Vorel, S.R.1    Liu, X.2    Hayes, R.J.3    Spector, J.A.4    Gardner, E.L.5
  • 54
    • 0034958886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on synaptic plasticity of freely moving rats and its mechanism of action
    • Wang X.Y., Zhang J.T. (2001) Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on synaptic plasticity of freely moving rats and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharmacol Sin 22: 657-662
    • (2001) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.22 , pp. 657-662
    • Wang, X.Y.1    Zhang, J.T.2
  • 55
    • 0006029584 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginseng on spontaneous motor activity, water-maze learning and central dopaminergic systems in old rats
    • Shibata S, Ohtsuka Y, Saito H (eds), Hirokawa, Tokyo
    • Watanabe H., Ohta H., Matsumoto K. (1990) Effect of ginseng on spontaneous motor activity, water-maze learning and central dopaminergic systems in old rats. In Shibata S, Ohtsuka Y, Saito H (eds). Recent advances in ginseng studies. Hirokawa, Tokyo
    • (1990) Recent Advances in Ginseng Studies
    • Watanabe, H.1    Ohta, H.2    Matsumoto, K.3
  • 56
    • 0029655506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng root prevents learning disability and neuronal loss in gerbils with 5-minute forebrain ischemia
    • Wen T.C., Yoshimura H., Matsuda S., Lim J.H., Sakanaka M. (1996) Ginseng root prevents learning disability and neuronal loss in gerbils with 5-minute forebrain ischemia. Acta Neuropathol 91: 15-22
    • (1996) Acta Neuropathol , vol.91 , pp. 15-22
    • Wen, T.C.1    Yoshimura, H.2    Matsuda, S.3    Lim, J.H.4    Sakanaka, M.5
  • 57
    • 0030813610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microinjection of morphine into the nucleus accumbens impairs contextual learning in rats
    • Westbrook R.F., Good A.J., Kiernan M.J. (1997) Microinjection of morphine into the nucleus accumbens impairs contextual learning in rats. Behav Neurosci 111: 289-296
    • (1997) Behav Neurosci , vol.111 , pp. 289-296
    • Westbrook, R.F.1    Good, A.J.2    Kiernan, M.J.3
  • 58
    • 33748060215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus
    • Whitlock J.R., Heynen A.J., Shuter M.G., Bear M.F. (2006) Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Science 313 (25). 1093-1097
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , Issue.25 , pp. 1093-1097
    • Whitlock, J.R.1    Heynen, A.J.2    Shuter, M.G.3    Bear, M.F.4
  • 59
    • 0035138995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and synaptic adaptations mediating opioid dependence
    • Williams J.T., MacDonald J.C., Manzoni O. (2001) Cellular and synaptic adaptations mediating opioid dependence. Physiol Rev 81: 299-343
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 299-343
    • Williams, J.T.1    MacDonald, J.C.2    Manzoni, O.3
  • 60
    • 0034625770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain pain
    • Woolf C.J., Salter M.W. (2000) Neuronal plasticity: increasing the gain pain. Science 288: 1765-1768
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1765-1768
    • Woolf, C.J.1    Salter, M.W.2
  • 61
    • 0030922666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral stress facilitates the induction of long-term depression in the hippocampus
    • Xu L., Anwyl R., Rowan M.J. (1997) Behavioral stress facilitates the induction of long-term depression in the hippocampus. Nature 387: 497-500
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 497-500
    • Xu, L.1    Anwyl, R.2    Rowan, M.J.3
  • 62
    • 16244413228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-serine enhances impaired long-term potentiation in CA1 subfield of hippocampal slices from aged senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8
    • Yang S., Qiao H.F., Wen L., Zhou W.X., Zhang Y.X. (2005) D-serine enhances impaired long-term potentiation in CA1 subfield of hippocampal slices from aged senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8. Neurosci Lett 379: 7-12
    • (2005) Neurosci Lett , vol.379 , pp. 7-12
    • Yang, S.1    Qiao, H.F.2    Wen, L.3    Zhou, W.X.4    Zhang, Y.X.5
  • 63
    • 0028312019 scopus 로고
    • Study on the nootropic mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 influence on mouse brain development
    • Ying Y., Zhang J.T., Shi C.Z., Qu Z.W., Liu Y. (1994) Study on the nootropic mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 influence on mouse brain development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 29: 241-243
    • (1994) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.29 , pp. 241-243
    • Ying, Y.1    Zhang, J.T.2    Shi, C.Z.3    Qu, Z.W.4    Liu, Y.5
  • 64
    • 0025518656 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary study on antianistic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1
    • Zhang J.T., Qu Z.W., Liu Y., Deng H.L. (1990) Preliminary study on antianistic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1. Chin Med J (Engl) 103: 932-938
    • (1990) Chin Med J (Engl) , vol.103 , pp. 932-938
    • Zhang, J.T.1    Qu, Z.W.2    Liu, Y.3    Deng, H.L.4
  • 65
    • 0006071539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red ginseng ameliorates place learning deficits in aged rats and in young rats with selective hippocampal lesions
    • Zhong Y.M., Nishijo, H., Uwano T., Yamaguchi H., Ono T. 1998. Red ginseng ameliorates place learning deficits in aged rats and in young rats with selective hippocampal lesions. Proc 7th Intl Symp Ginseng P1-11
    • Proc 7th Intl Symp Ginseng
    • Zhong, Y.M.1    Nishijo, H.2    Uwano, T.3    Yamaguchi, H.4    Ono, T.5
  • 66
    • 0033551562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of morphine tolerance and dependence in scopolamine-treated rats
    • Zhou H., Ge X., Wang L.Z., Ma L., Pei G. (1999) Attenuation of morphine tolerance and dependence in scopolamine-treated rats. NeuroReport 10: 2007-2010
    • (1999) NeuroReport , vol.10 , pp. 2007-2010
    • Zhou, H.1    Ge, X.2    Wang, L.Z.3    Ma, L.4    Pei, G.5
  • 67
    • 0032507649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng improves strategic learning by normal and brain-damaged rats
    • Zhao R., McDaniel W.F. (1998) Ginseng improves strategic learning by normal and brain-damaged rats. Neuroreport 9: 1619-1624
    • (1998) Neuroreport , vol.9 , pp. 1619-1624
    • Zhao, R.1    McDaniel, W.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.