Measurement of pulmonary inflammation in cystic fibrosis;Mesure de l'inflammation pulmonaire dans la mucoviscidose

Revue des Maladies Respiratoires

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 705-724

  Fayon, M ^a,d   Chiron, R ^b   Abely, M ^c  

^a BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^b MONTPELLIER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^c REIMS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^d HÔPITAL PELLEGRIN   (France)

Author keywords

Adult; Child; Cystic fibrosis; Inflammation; Measurement techniques

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CARBON MONOXIDE; CYTOKINE; ELASTASE; ELASTASE INHIBITOR; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; NITRIC OXIDE; ANTIOXIDANT; AUTACOID; METALLOPROTEINASE; PANCREATIC ELASTASE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

CYSTIC FIBROSIS; CYTOLOGY; EXHALED BREATH CONDENSATE; HUMAN; LUNG LAVAGE; NASAL BRUSHING; NASAL WASH; PH; PLASMA; PNEUMONIA; RESPIRATORY TRACT EXAMINATION; REVIEW; SPUTUM ANALYSIS; URINE; ADULT; AGE; BIOPSY; BREATH ANALYSIS; BRONCHUS; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; INFANT; INFLAMMATION; LIPID PEROXIDATION; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; NOSE MUCUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; SPUTUM; TIME;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ANTIOXIDANTS; BIOPSY; BREATH TESTS; BRONCHI; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; CARBON MONOXIDE; CHILD; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; HUMANS; INFANT; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; METALLOPROTEASES; NASAL LAVAGE FLUID; NITRIC OXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PANCREATIC ELASTASE; PNEUMONIA; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SPUTUM; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 55249086486     PISSN: 07618425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0761-8425(08)73800-2     Document Type: Review

References (171)

1. Rao S, Grigg J : New insights into pulmonary inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 2006 ; 91 : 786-8.
2. Donaldson SH, Bennett WD, Zeman KL, Knowles MR, Tarran R, Boucher RC : Mucus clearance and lung function in cystic fibrosis with hypertonic saline. N Engl J Med 2006 ; 354 : 241-50.
3. Fayon M : CF-Emerging therapies : Modulation inflammation. Paediatr Respir Rev 2006 ; 7S1 : S170-S4.
4. Elizur A, Cannon CL, Ferkol TW : Airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Chest 2008 ; 133 : 489-95.
5. Verhaeghe C, Delbecque K, de Leval L, Oury C, Bours V : Early inflammation in the airways of a cystic fibrosis foetus. J Cyst Fibros 2007 ; 6 : 304-8.
6. Bonfield TL, Panuska JR, Konstan MW, Hilliard KA, Hilliard JB, Ghnaim H, Berger M : Inflammatory cytokines in cystic fibrosis lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995 ; 152 : 2111-8.
7. Gutierrez JP, Grimwood K, Armstrong DS, Carlin JB, Carzino R, Olinsky A, Robertson CF, Phelan PD : Interlobar differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2001 ; 17 : 281-6.
8. Paul K, Rietschel E, Ballmann M, Griese M, Worlitzsch D, Shute J, Chen C, Schink T, Döring G, van Koningsbruggen S, Wahn U, Ratjen F ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage for the Evaluation of Antiinflammatory Treatment Study Group : Effect of treatment with dornase alpha on airway inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004 ; 169 : 719-25.
9. Ratjen F, Paul K, van Koningsbruggen S, Breitenstein S, Rietschel E, Nikolaizik W : DNA concentrations in BAL fluid of cystic fibrosis patients with early lung disease : influence of treatment with dornase alpha. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005 ; 39 : 1-4.
10. Armstrong D : Evidence for pulmonary inflammation and infection in asymptomatic cystic fibrosis infants and children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005 ; 28s : 162-63.
11. de Blic J, Midulla F, Barbato A, Clement A, Dab I, Eber E, Green C, Grigg J, Kotecha S, Kurland G, Pohunek P, Ratjen F, Rossi G : Bronchoalveolar lavage in children. ERS Task Force on bronchoalveolar lavage in children. European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 2000 ; 15 : 217-31.
12. Fayon M, Just J, Thien HV, Chiba T, Pascual L, Sandouk G, Grimfeld A : Bacterial flora of the lower respiratory tract in children with bronchial asthma. Acta Paediatr 1999 ; 88 : 1216-22.
13. Barbato A, Magarotto M, Crivellaro M, Novello A, Jr., Cracco A, de Blic J, Scheinmann P, Warner JO, Zach M : Use of the paediatric bronchoscope, flexible and rigid, in 51 European centres. Eur Respir J 1997 ; 10 : 1761-6.
14. Vrugt B, Wilson S, Underwood J, Bron A, de Bruyn R, Bradding P, Holgate ST, Djukanovic R, Aalbers R : Mucosal inflammation in severe glucocorticoid-dependent asthma. Eur Respir J 1999 ; 13 : 1245-52.
15. Wenzel SE, Szefler SJ, Leung DY, Sloan SI, Rex MD, Martin RJ : Bronchoscopic evaluation of severe asthma. Persistent inflammation associated with high dose glucocorticoids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 ; 156 : 737-43.
16. Bush A : Guidelines for the ethical conduct of medical research involving children. Arch Dis Child 2000 ; 83 : 370.
17. Bush A, Pohunek P : Brush biopsy and mucosal biopsy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 ; 162 : S18-22.
18. Warke TJ, Kamath S, Fitch PS, Brown V, Shields MD, Ennis M : The repeatability of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage differential cell counts. Eur Respir J 2001 ; 18 : 1009-12.
19. Gauvin F, Lacroix J, Guertin MC, Proulx F, Farrell CA, Moghrabi A, Lebel P, Dassa C : Reproducibility of blind protected bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 165 : 1618-23.
20. Henig NR, Tonelli MR, Pier MV, Burns JL, Aitken ML : Sputum induction as a research tool for sampling the airways of subjects with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2001 ; 56 : 306-11.
21. Kim JS, Hackley GH, Okamoto K, Rubin BK : Sputum processing for evaluation of inflammatory mediators. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001 ; 32 : 152-8.
22. Pin I, Gibson PG, Kolendowicz R, Girgis-Gabardo A, Denburg JA, Hargreave FE, Dolovich J : Use of induced sputum cell counts to investigate airway inflammation in asthma. Thorax 1992 ; 47 : 25-9.
23. Ordonez CL, Henig NR, Mayer-Hamblett N, Accurso FJ, Burns JL, Chmiel JF, Daines CL, Gibson RL, McNamara S, Retsch-Bogart GZ, Zeitlin PL, Aitken ML : Inflammatory and microbiologic markers in induced sputum after intravenous antibiotics in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 ; 168 : 1471-5.
24. De Boeck K, Alifier M, Vandeputte S : Sputum induction in young cystic fibrosis patients. Eur Respir J 2000 ; 16 : 91-4.
25. Reinhardt N, Chen CI, Loppow D, Schink T, Kleinau I, Jorres RA, Wahn U, Magnussen H, Paul KP : Cellular profiles of induced sputum in children with stable cystic fibrosis : comparison with BAL. Eur Respir J 2003 ; 22 : 497-502.
26. Sagel SD, Kapsner R, Osberg I, Sontag MK, Accurso FJ : Airway inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and healthy children assessed by sputum induction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 ; 164 : 1425-31.
27. Suri R, Marshall LJ, Wallis C, Metcalfe C, Shute JK, Bush A : Safety and use of sputum induction in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2003 ; 35 : 309-13.
28. Elkins MR, Robinson M, Rose BR, Harbour C, Moriarty CP, Marks GB, Belousova EG, Xuan W, Bye PT ; National Hypertonic Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (NHSCF) Study Group : A controlled trial of long-term inhaled hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2006 ; 354 : 229-40.
29. Ordonez CL, Kartashov AI, Wohl ME : Variability of markers of inflammation and infection in induced sputum in children with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr 2004 ; 145 : 689-92.
30. Bergoin C, Gosset P, Lamblin C, Bolard F, Turck D, Tonnel AB, Wallaert B : Cell and cytokine profile in nasal secretions in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2002 ; 1 : 110-5.
31. Henriksson G, Westrin KM, Karpati F, Wikstrom AC, Stierna P, Hjelte L : Nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis : clinical endoscopic study with nasal lavage fluid analysis. Chest 2002 ; 121 : 40-7.
32. Naclerio RM, Meier HL, Kagey-Sobotka A, Adkinson NF, Jr., Meyers DA, Norman PS, Lichtenstein LM : Mediator release after nasal airway challenge with allergen. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983 ; 128 : 597-602.
33. Pitrez PM, Brennan S, Turner S, Sly PD : Nasal wash as an alternative to bronchoalveolar lavage in detecting early pulmonary inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis. Respirology 2005 ; 10 : 177-82.
34. Watelet JB, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C : Collection of nasal secretions for immunological analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004 ; 261 : 242-6.
35. Klimek L, Rasp G : Norm values for eosinophil cationic protein in nasal secretions : influence of specimen collection. Clin Exp Allergy 1999 ; 29 : 367-74.
36. Wang DY, Clement P : Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol 2000 ; 14 : 325-33.
37. Yamazaki M, Kimura K, Watanabe S, Komiyama O, Mishiku Y, Yamamoto K, Sugaya N, Hashimoto Y, Hagiwara N, Maezawa T, Imai M : [Use of a rapid detection assay for influenza virus, on nasal aspirate specimens]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1999 ; 73 : 1064-8.
38. Walsh EE, Falsey AR : A simple and reproducible method for collecting nasal secretions in frail elderly adults, for measurement of virus-specific IgA. J Infect Dis 1999 ; 179 : 1268-73.
39. Muselet-Charlier C, Roque T, Boncoeur E, Chadelat K, Clement A, Jacquot J, Tabary O : Enhanced IL-1beta-induced IL-8 production in cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells is dependent of both mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007 ; 357 : 402-7.
40. Boncoeur E, Criq VS, Bonvin E, Roque T, Henrion-Caude A, Gruenert DC, Clement A, Jacquot J, Tabary O : Oxidative stress induces extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase in cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells : Potential mechanism for excessive IL-8 expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008 ; 40 : 432-46.
41. Harris CM, Mendes F, Dragomir A, Doull IJ, Carvalho-Oliveira I, Bebok Z, Clancy JP, Eubanks V, Sorscher EJ, Roomans GM, Amaral MD, McPherson MA, Penque D, Dormer RL : Assessment of CFTR localisation in native airway epithelial cells obtained by nasal brushing. J Cyst Fibros 2004 ; 3 : 2S43-8.
42. Payne D, McKenzie SA, Stacey S, Misra D, Haxby E, Bush A : Safety and ethics of bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy in difficult asthma. Arch Dis Child 2001 ; 84 : 423-6.
43. Dwyer TM : Sampling airway surface liquid: non-volatiles in the exhaled breath condensate. Lung 2004 ; 182 : 241-50.
44. Effros RM, Hoagland KW, Bosbous M, Castillo D, Foss B, Dunning M, Gare M, Lin W, Sun F : Dilution of respiratory solutes in exhaled condensates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 165 : 663-9.
45. Hunt J : Exhaled breath condensate : an evolving tool for noninvasive evaluation of lung disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 ; 110 : 28-34.
46. Scheideler L, Manke HG, Schwulera U, Inacker O, Hammerle H : Detection of nonvolatile macromolecules in breath. A possible diagnostic tool? Am Rev Respir Dis 1993 ; 148 : 778-84.
47. Gibson PG, Henry RL, Thomas P : Noninvasive assessment of airway inflammation in children : induced sputum, exhaled nitric oxide, and breath condensate. Eur Respir J 2000 ; 16 : 1008-15.
48. Prokhorova MN, Briuzgina TS, Umanets TR, Sokolova Ia V, Reva SN : [The use of noninvasive biological means in assessing lipids in children]. Klin Lab Diagn 1998 : 13-5.
49. Kharitonov SA : Exhaled markers of inflammatory lung diseases : ready for routine monitoring? Swiss Med Wkly 2004 ; 134 : 175-92.
50. Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ : Effects of corticosteroids on noninvasive biomarkers of inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2004 ; 1 : 191-9.
51. Balint B, Kharitonov SA, Hanazawa T, Donnelly LE, Shah PL, Hodson ME, Barnes PJ : Increased nitrotyrosine in exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2001 ; 17 : 1201-7.
52. Csoma Z, Kharitonov SA, Balint B, Bush A, Wilson NM, Barnes PJ : Increased leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensate in childhood asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 166 : 1345-9.
53. Mondino C, Ciabattoni G, Koch P, Pistelli R, Trove A, Barnes PJ, Montuschi P : Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on exhaled leukotrienes and prostanoids in asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 ; 114 : 761-7.
54. Montuschi P, Collins JV, Ciabattoni G, Lazzeri N, Corradi M, Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ : Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with COPD and healthy smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 ; 162 : 1175-7.
55. Corradi M, Pignatti P, Manini P, Andreoli R, Goldoni M, Poppa M, Moscato G, Balbi B, Mutti A : Comparison between exhaled and sputum oxidative stress biomarkers in chronic airway inflammation. Eur Respir J 2004 ; 24 : 1011-7.
56. Vass G, Huszar E, Barat E, Valyon M, Kiss D, Penzes I, Augusztinovicz M, Horváth I : Comparison of nasal and oral inhalation during exhaled breath condensate collection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 ; 167 : 850-5.
57. Formanek W, Inci D, Lauener RP, Wildhaber JH, Frey U, Hall GL : Elevated nitrite in breath condensates of children with respiratory disease. Eur Respir J 2002 ; 19 : 487-91.
58. Cunningham S, McColm JR, Ho LP, Greening AP, Marshall TG : Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2000 ; 15 : 955-7.
59. Ho LP, Wood FT, Robson A, Innes JA, Greening AP : The current single exhalation method of measuring exhales nitric oxide is affected by airway calibre. Eur Respir J 2000 ; 15 : 1009-13.
60. Tate S, MacGregor G, Davis M, Innes JA, Greening AP : Airways in cystic fibrosis are acidified : detection by exhaled breath condensate. Thorax 2002 ; 57 : 926-9.
61. Cheah FC, Darlow BA, Winterbourn CC : Problems associated with collecting breath condensate for the measurement of exhaled hydrogen peroxide from neonates on respiratory support. Biol Neonate 2003 ; 84 : 338-41.
62. Baraldi E, Ghiro L, Piovan V, Carraro S, Ciabattoni G, Barnes PJ, Montuschi P : Increased exhaled 8-isoprostane in childhood asthma. Chest 2003 ; 124 : 25-31.
63. Baraldi E, Ghiro L, Piovan V, Carraro S, Zacchello F, Zanconato S : Safety and success of exhaled breath condensate collection in asthma. Arch Dis Child 2003 ; 88 : 358-60.
64. Jobsis Q, Raatgeep HC, Schellekens SL, Hop WC, Hermans PW, de Jongste JC : Hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air of healthy children : reference values. Eur Respir J 1998 ; 12 : 483-5.
65. Moeller A, Franklin P, Hall GL, Horak F, Jr., Wildhaber JH, Stick SM : Measuring exhaled breath condensates in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006 ; 41 : 184-7.
66. Horvath I, Hunt J, Barnes PJ : Exhaled breath condensate : methodological recommendations and unresolved questions. Eur Respir J 2005 ; 26 : 523-48.
67. Montuschi P, Barnes PJ : Exhaled leukotrienes and prostaglandins in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 ; 109 : 615-20.
68. Carpagnano GE, Barnes PJ, Francis J, Wilson N, Bush A, Kharitonov SA : Breath condensate pH in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma : a new noninvasive marker of airway inflammation? Chest 2004 ; 125 : 2005-10.
69. Bland M : An introduction to Medical Statistics. Second ed : Oxford University Press ; 1995.
70. Kostikas K, Papatheodorou G, Psathakis K, Panagou P, Loukides S : Oxidative stress in expired breath condensate of patients with COPD. Chest 2003 ; 124 : 1373-80.
71. Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ : Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 ; 163 : 1693-722.
72. Zacharasiewicz A, Wilson N, Lex C, Li A, Kemp M, Donovan J, Hooper J, Kharitonov SA, Bush A : Repeatability of sodium and chloride in exhaled breath condensates. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004 ; 37 : 273-5.
73. George SC, Hogman M, Permutt S, Silkoff PE : Modeling pulmonary nitric oxide exchange. J Appl Physiol 2004 ; 96 : 831-9.
74. Mahut B, Louis B, Delclaux C : Mesure du NO expiré : méthodologie. Rev Mal Respir 2006 ; 23 : 6S29-6S36.
75. Borrill Z, Clough D, Truman N, Morris J, Langley S, Singh D : A comparison of exhaled nitric oxide measurements performed using three different analysers. Respir Med 2006.
76. Shin HW, Rose-Gottron CM, Sufi RS, Perez F, Cooper DM, Wilson AF, George SC : Flow-independent nitric oxide exchange parameters in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 165 : 349-57.
77. Baraldi E, de Jongste JC : Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in children, 2001. Eur Respir J 2002 ; 20 : 223-37.
78. Keyse SM, Applegate LA, Tromvoukis Y, Tyrrell RM : Oxidant stress leads to transcriptional activation of the human heme oxygenase gene in cultured skin fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 1990 ; 10 : 4967-9.
79. Donnelly LE, Barnes PJ : Expression of heme oxygenase in human airway epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001 ; 24 : 295-303.
80. Lagrange-Puget M, Durieu I, Ecochard R, Abbas-Chorfa F, Drai J, Steghens JP, Pacheco Y, Vital-Durand D, Bellon G : Longitudinal study of oxidative status in 312 cystic fibrosis patients in stable state and during bronchial exacerbation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004 ; 38 : 43-9.
81. Yamamoto Y, Frei B, Ames BN : Assay of lipid hydroperoxides using high-performance liquid chromatography with isoluminal chemiluminescence detection. Methods Enzymol 1990 ; 186 : 371-80.
82. Muhlebach MS, Stewart PW, Leigh MW, Noah TL : Quantitation of inflammatory responses to bacteria in young cystic fibrosis and control patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 ; 160 : 186-91.
83. Wainwright C, Carlin J, Cooper P, Byrnes C, Martin J, Grimwood K, et al : Australasian cystic fibrosis BAL study interim analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006 ; 41 : 317A.
84. Hoiby N, Frederiksen B, Pressler T : Eradication of early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J Cyst Fibros 2005 ; 4 : S49-54.
85. Marguet C, Jouen-Boedes F, Dean TP, Warner JO : Bronchoalveolar cell profiles in children with asthma, infantile wheeze, chronic cough, or cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 ; 159 : 1533-40.
86. Dean TP, Dai Y, Shute JK, Church MK, Warner JO : Interleukin-8 concentrations are elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, and sera of children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 1993 ; 34 : 159-61.
87. Liou TG, Chen J, Adler FR, McNulty MC, Jensen J, Rogers SL, et al : Quantitative relationships between markers of infammation and clinical disease in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2006 ; S29 : A254.
88. Noah TL, Black HR, Cheng PW, Wood RE, Leigh MW : Nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines in early cystic fibrosis. J Infect Dis 1997 ; 175 : 638-47.
89. Hunt JF, Fang K, Malik R, Snyder A, Malhotra N, Platts-Mills TA, Gaston B : Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 ; 161 : 694-9.
90. Robroeks CM, Rosias PP, van Vliet D, Jobsis Q, Yntema JB, Brackel HJ, Damoiseaux JG, den Hartog GM, Wodzig WK, Dompeling E : Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate indicate presence and severity of cystic fibrosis in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008 ; sous presse.
91. Montuschi P, Ragazzoni E, Valente S, Corbo G, Mondino C, Ciappi G, Barnes PJ, Ciabattoni G : Validation of leukotriene B4 measurements in exhaled breath condensate. Inflamm Res 2003 ; 52 : 69-73.
92. Carpagnano GE, Barnes PJ, Geddes DM, Hodson ME, Kharitonov SA : Increased leukotriene B4 and interleukin-6 in exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 ; 167 : 1109-12.
93. Biernacki WA, Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ : Increased leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate of patients with exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2003 ; 58 : 294-8.
94. Bonnans C, Vachier I, Chavis C, Godard P, Bousquet J, Chanez P : Lipoxins are potential endogenous antiinflammatory mediators in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 165 : 1531-5.
95. Lee TH, Crea AE, Gant V, Spur BW, Marron BE, Nicolaou KC, Reardon E, Brezinski M, Serhan CN : Identification of lipoxin A4 and its relationship to the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from patients with selected pulmonary diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990 ; 141 : 1453-8.
96. Levy BD, Bertram S, Tai HH, Israel E, Fischer A, Drazen JM, Serhan CN : Agonist-induced lipoxin A4 generation : detection by a novel lipoxin A4-ELISA. Lipids 1993 ; 28 : 1047-53.
97. Karp CL, Flick LM, Yang R, Uddin J, Petasis NA : Cystic fibrosis and lipoxins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005 ; 73 : 263-70.
98. Fierro IM, Kutok JL, Serhan CN : Novel lipid mediator regulators of endothelial cell proliferation and migration : aspirin-triggered-15Rlipoxin A(4) and lipoxin A(4). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002 ; 300 : 385-92.
99. McMahon B, Mitchell S, Brady HR, Godson C : Lipoxins : revelations on resolution. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2001 ; 22 : 391-5.
100. Papayianni A, Serhan CN, Brady HR : Lipoxin A4 and B4 inhibit leukotriene-stimulated interactions of human neutrophils and endothelial cells. J Immunol 1996 ; 156 : 2264-72.
101. Levy BD, De Sanctis GT, Devchand PR, Kim E, Ackerman K, Schmidt BA, Szczeklik W, Drazen JM, Serhan CN : Multi-pronged inhibition of airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation by lipoxin A(4). Nat Med 2002 ; 8 : 1018-23.
102. Knight J, Lloyd-Evans P, Rowley AF, Barrow SE : Effect of lipoxins and other eicosanoids on phagocytosis and intracellular calcium mobilisation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 1993 ; 54 : 518-22.
103. Romano M, Maddox JF, Serhan CN : Activation of human monocytes and the acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) by lipoxins involves unique signaling pathways for lipoxin A4 versus lipoxin B4 : evidence for differential Ca2+ mobilization. J Immunol 1996 ; 157 : 2149-54.
104. Maddox JF, Hachicha M, Takano T, Petasis NA, Fokin VV, Serhan CN : Lipoxin A4 stable analogs are potent mimetics that stimulate human monocytes and THP-1 cells via a G-protein-linked lipoxin A4 receptor. J Biol Chem 1997 ; 272 : 6972-8.
105. Bonnans C, Mainprice B, Chanez P, Bousquet J, Urbach V : Lipoxin A4 stimulates a cytosolic Ca2+ increase in human bronchial epithelium. J Biol Chem 2003 ; 278 : 10879-84.
106. Osika E, Cavaillon JM, Chadelat K, Boule M, Fitting C, Tournier G, Clement A : Distinct sputum cytokine profiles in cystic fibrosis and other chronic inflammatory airway disease. Eur Respir J 1999 ; 14 : 339-46.
107. Rimbach G, Hohler D, Fischer A, Roy S, Virgili F, Pallauf J, Packer L : Methods to assess free radicals and oxidative stress in biological systems. Arch Tierernahr 1999 ; 52 : 203-22.
108. Paredi P, Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ : Analysis of expired air for oxidation products. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002 ; 166 : S31-7.
109. Ricciardolo FL, Sterk PJ, Gaston B, Folkerts G : Nitric oxide in health and disease of the respiratory system. Physiol Rev 2004 ; 84 : 731-65.
110. de Winter-de Groot KM, van der Ent CK : Nitric oxide in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2005 ; 4 : S25-9.
111. Franklin P, Moeller A, Hall GL, Horak F, Jr., Patterson H, Stick SM : Variability of nitric oxide metabolites in exhaled breath condensate. Respir Med 2006 ; 100 : 123-9.
112. Grasemann H, Schwiertz R, Matthiesen S, Racke K, Ratjen F : Increased arginase activity in cystic fibrosis airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005 ; 172 : 1523-8.
113. Moeller A, Horak F, Jr., Lane C, Knight D, Kicic A, Brennan S, Franklin P, Terpolilli J, Wildhaber JH, Stick SM : Inducible NO synthase expression is low in airway epithelium from young children with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2006 ; 61 : 514-20.
114. Morrissey BM, Schilling K, Weil JV, Silkoff PE, Rodman DM : Nitric oxide and protein nitration in the cystic fibrosis airway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002 ; 406 : 33-9.
115. Grasemann H, Knauer N, Buscher R, Hubner K, Drazen JM, Ratjen F : Airway nitric oxide levels in cystic fibrosis patients are related to a polymorphism in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 ; 162 : 2172-6.
116. Texereau J, Marullo S, Hubert D, Coste J, Dusser DJ, Dall'Ava-Santucci J, Dinh-Xuan AT : Nitric oxide synthase 1 as a potential modifier gene of decline in lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2004 ; 59 : 156-8.
117. Grasemann H, Schwiertz R, Grasemann C, Vester U, Racke K, Ratjen F : Decreased systemic bioavailability of L-arginine in patients with cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2006 ; 7 : 87.
118. Elphick HE, Demoncheaux EA, Ritson S, Higenbottam TW, Everard ML : Exhaled nitric oxide is reduced in infants with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2001 ; 56 : 151-2.
119. Grasemann H, Storm van's Gravesande K, Buscher R, Knauer N, Silverman ES, Palmer LJ, Drazen JM, Ratjen F : Endothelial nitric oxide synthase variants in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 ; 167 : 390-4.
120. Hamad AM, Johnson SR, Knox AJ : Antiproliferative effects of NO and ANP in cultured human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol 1999 ; 277 : L910-8.
121. Paredi P, Kharitonov SA, Leak D, Shah PL, Cramer D, Hodson ME, Barnes PJ : Exhaled ethane is elevated in cystic fibrosis and correlates with carbon monoxide levels and airway obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 ; 161 : 1247-51.
122. Antuni JD, Kharitonov SA, Hughes D, Hodson ME, Barnes PJ : Increase in exhaled carbon monoxide during exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2000 ; 55 : 138-42.
123. Zetterquist W, Marteus H, Johannesson M, Nordval SL, Ihre E, Lundberg JO, Alving K : Exhaled carbon monoxide is not elevated in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2002 ; 20 : 92-9.
124. Bowry VW, Stanley KK, Stocker R : High density lipoprotein is the major carrier of lipid hydroperoxides in human blood plasma from fasting donors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992 ; 89 : 10316-20.
125. Conti M, Morand PC, Levillain P, Lemonnier A : Improved fluorometric determination of malonaldehyde. Clin Chem 1991 ; 37 : 1273-5.
126. Chirico S : High-performance liquid chromatography-based thiobarbituric acid tests. Methods Enzymol 1994 ; 233 : 314-8.
127. Luo XP, Yazdanpanah M, Bhooi N, Lehotay DC : Determination of aldehydes and other lipid peroxidation products in biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 1995 ; 228 : 294-8.
128. Roberts LJ, Morrow JD : Measurement of F(2)-isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2000 ; 28 : 505-13.
129. Tufvesson E, Bjermer L : Methodological improvements for measuring eicosanoids and cytokines in exhaled breath condensate. Respir Med 2006 ; 100 : 34-8.
130. Lim PS, Chang YM, Thien LM, Wang NP, Yang CC, Chen TT, Hsu WM : 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha as a useful clinical biomarker of oxidative stress in ESRD patients. Blood Purif 2002 ; 20 : 537-42.
131. Milne GL, Musiek ES, Morrow JD : F2-isoprostanes as markers of oxidative stress in vivo : an overview. Biomarkers 2005 ; 10 : S10-23.
132. Quinlan GJ, Mumby S, Martin GS, Bernard GR, Gutteridge JM, Evans TW : Albumin influences total plasma antioxidant capacity favorably in patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med 2004 ; 32 : 755-9.
133. Kettle AJ, Chan T, Osberg I, Senthilmohan R, Chapman AL, Mocatta TJ, Wagener JS : Myeloperoxidase and protein oxidation in the airways of young children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004 ; 170 : 1317-23.
134. Van Der Vliet A, Nguyen MN, Shigenaga MK, Eiserich JP, Marelich GP, Cross CE : Myeloperoxidase and protein oxidation in cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000 ; 279 : L537-46.
135. Witko-Sarsat V, Friedlander M, Capeillere-Blandin C, Nguyen-Khoa T, Nguyen AT, Zingraff J, Jungers P, Descamps-Latscha B : Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney Int 1996 ; 49 : 1304-13.
136. Miyata T, Ueda Y, Yamada Y, Izuhara Y, Wada T, Jadoul M, Saito A, Kurokawa K, van Ypersele de Strihou C : Accumulation of carbonyls accelerates the formation of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product : carbonyl stress in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998 ; 9 : 2349-56.
137. Gole MD, Souza JM, Choi I, Hertkorn C, Malcolm S, Foust RF, 3rd, Finkel B, Lanken PN, Ischiropoulos H : Plasma proteins modified by tyrosine nitration in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000 ; 278 : L961-7.
138. Ricciardolo FL, Di Stefano A, Sabatini F, Folkerts G : Reactive nitrogen species in the respiratory tract. Eur J Pharmacol 2006 ; 533 : 240-52.
139. Corradi M, Montuschi P, Donnelly LE, Pesci A, Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ : Increased nitrosothiols in exhaled breath condensate in inflammatory airway diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 ; 163 : 854-8.
140. Worlitzsch D, Herberth G, Ulrich M, Doring G : Catalase, myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1998 ; 11 : 377-83.
141. Koller DY, Gotz M, Wojnarowski C, Eichler I : Relationship between disease severity and inflammatory markers in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1996 ; 75 : 498-501.
142. Levine RL, Garland D, Oliver CN, Amici A, Climent I, Lenz AG, Ahn BW, Shaltiel S, Stadtman ER : Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol 1990 ; 186 : 464-78.
143. Khan J, Brennand DM, Bradley N, Gao B, Bruckdorfer R, Jacobs M : 3-Nitrotyrosine in the proteins of human plasma determined by an ELISA method. Biochem J 1998 ; 330 (Pt 2) : 795-801.
144. Erhola M, Toyokuni S, Okada K, Tanaka T, Hiai H, Ochi H, Uchida K, Osawa T, Nieminen MM, Alho H, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P : Biomarker evidence of DNA oxidation in lung cancer patients: association of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine excretion with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and response to treatment. FEBS Lett 1997 ; 409 : 287-91.
145. Laskowska-Klita T, Chelchowska M : Antioxidant status in erythrocytes of cystic fibrosis children. Acta Biochim Pol 2001 ; 48 : 283-5.
146. Frei B, Keaney JF, Jr., Retsky KL, Chen K : Vitamins C and E and LDL oxidation. Vitam Horm 1996 ; 52 : 1-34.
147. Stocker R, Bowry VW, Frei B : Ubiquinol-10 protects human low density lipoprotein more efficiently against lipid peroxidation than does alpha-tocopherol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991 ; 88 : 1646-50.
148. Stocker R : Lipoprotein oxidation: mechanistic aspects, methodological approaches and clinical relevance. Curr Opin Lipidol 1994 ; 5 : 422-33.
149. Arnaud J, Fortis I, Blachier S, Kia D, Favier A : Simultaneous determination of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in serum by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1991 ; 572 : 103-16.
150. Nguyen-Khoa T, Massy ZA, De Bandt JP, Kebede M, Salama L, Lambrey G, Witko-Sarsat V, Drüeke TB, Lacour B, Thévenin M : Oxidative stress and haemodialysis: role of inflammation and duration of dialysis treatment. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001 ; 16 : 335-40.
151. Kelly FJ : Vitamins and respiratory disease : antioxidant micronutrients in pulmonary health and disease. Proc Nutr Soc 2005 ; 64 : 510-26.
152. Childers M, Eckel G, Himmel A, Caldwell J : A new model of cystic fibrosis pathology : lack of transport of glutathione and its thiocyanate conjugates. Med Hypotheses 2007 ; 68 : 101-12.
153. Rahman I, MacNee W : Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation. Eur Respir J 2000 ; 16 : 534-54.
154. Roum JH, Buhl R, McElvaney NG, Borok Z, Crystal RG : Systemic deficiency of glutathione in cystic fibrosis. J Appl Physiol 1993 ; 75 : 2419-24.
155. Cantin AM : Potential for antioxidant therapy of cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2004 ; 10 : 531-6.
156. Day BJ : Glutathione : a radical treatment for cystic fibrosis lung disease? Chest 2005 ; 127 : 12-4.
157. Tirouvanziam R, Conrad CK, Bottiglieri T, Herzenberg LA, Moss RB : High-dose oral N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione prodrug, modulates inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006 ; 103 : 4628-33.
158. Goldstein W, Doring G : Lysosomal enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and proteinase inhibitors in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986 ; 134 : 49-56.
159. Venaille TJ, Ryan G, Robinson BW : Epithelial cell damage is induced by neutrophil-derived, not pseudomonas-derived, proteases in cystic fibrosis sputum. Respir Med 1998 ; 92 : 233-40.
160. Birrer P, McElvaney NG, Rudeberg A, Sommer CW, Liechti-Gallati S, Kraemer R, Hubbard R, Crystal RG : Protease-antiprotease imbalance in the lungs of children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994 ; 150 : 207-13.
161. Suter S, Chevallier I : Proteolytic inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in infected bronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 1991 ; 4 : 40-9.
162. McElvaney NG, Doujaiji B, Moan MJ, Burnham MR, Wu MC, Crystal RG : Pharmacokinetics of recombinant secretory leukoprotease inhibitor aerosolized to normals and individuals with cystic fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993 ; 148 : 1056-60.
163. McElvaney NG, Hubbard RC, Birrer P, Chernick MS, Caplan DB, Frank MM, Crystal RG : Aerosol alpha 1-antitrypsin treatment for cystic fibrosis. Lancet 1991 ; 337 : 392-4.
164. Saudubray F, Labbé A, Durieu I : Phase IIa clinical study of a new human neutrophil elastase inhibitor (hNE), EPI hNE4 (DX-890), with repeated administration by inhalation in adult cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2003 ; 2 : A85.
165. Attucci S, Gauthier A, Korkmaz B, Delepine P, Martino MF, Saudubray F, Diot P, Gauthier F : EPI-hNE4, a proteolysis-resistant inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase and potential anti-inflammatory drug for treating cystic fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006 ; 318 : 803-9.
166. Korkmaz B, Attucci S, Moreau T, Godat E, Juliano L, Gauthier F : Design and use of highly specific substrates of neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2004 ; 30 : 801-7.
167. Delacourt C, Le Bourgeois M, D'Ortho MP, Doit C, Scheinmann P, Navarro J, Harf A, Hartmann DJ, Lafuma C : Imbalance between 95 kDa type IV collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995 ; 152 : 765-74.
168. Ratjen F, Hartog CM, Paul K, Wermelt J, Braun J : Matrix metalloproteases in BAL fluid of patients with cystic fibrosis and their modulation by treatment with dornase alpha. Thorax 2002 ; 57 : 930-4.
169. Power C, O'Connor CM, MacFarlane D, O'Mahoney S, Gaffney K, Hayes J, FitzGerald MX : Neutrophil collagenase in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994 ; 150 : 818-22.
170. Jouneau S : Actualités thérapeutiques dans la mucoviscidose. Rev Mal Respir 2006 ; 23 : 15S156-7.
171. Abe N, Osanai T, Fujiwara T, Kameda K, Matsunaga T, Okumura K : C-reactive protein-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in macrophages : inhibitory effect of fluvastatin. Life Sci 2006 ; 78 : 1021-8.