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Some salts are extremely hygroscopic, which precluded satisfactory elemental analysis
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Some salts are extremely hygroscopic, which precluded satisfactory elemental analysis.
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47949103604
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Arrows indicate carbon atoms at which hydride insertion occurred
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Arrows indicate carbon atoms at which hydride insertion occurred.
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47949122794
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The fate of Br- during the course of the reaction (i.e. bound to Ni or in the second sphere of coordination) is not known exactly; therefore, we have voluntarily left it out of the formula. Also, a reviewer has suggested an alternative view on our proposed mechanism. It was pointed out that after the oxidative addition a nickel dicarbene complex is formed, consisting of the original carbene ligand and the carbene generated from the substrate imidazolium salt. The substrate now becomes a chelate ligand (carbene, η2 coordination) and may provide a better ligand than the original IMes monodentate carbene ligand. In this case both carbene ligands would compete for coordination at the metal center. Therefore, the suggestion is that the original IMes ligand is eliminated as the imidazolium salt IMesHBr, and afterwards the catalytic cycle takes place with the chelating carbene as the actual ligand L. However, we feel that our previous studies46,51 provide a sound ba
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46,51 provide a sound basis for the mechanism depicted in Scheme 3. Indeed, dissociation of IMes or reductive elimination of IMesHBr is unlikely to be a favorable process, considering (a) the strong Ni-NHC BDE and (b) the very exothermic C-H oxidative addition reaction of Ni(0) to imidazolium salts. We agree that a chelating NHC-olefin ligand would form very stable species; however, we think it would not be kinetically possible.
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The last step of the catalytic cycle in the intermolecular version of this reaction is thought to proceed from a 14-electron Ni(II) species (see ref 46 for a detailed discussion, which facilitates reductive elimination. The coordination of an extra olefin might inhibit this step, by creating a stabilized 16-electron Ni(II) complex. Indeed, we observed a green coloration appearing in the course of the reaction at low loadings, indicating a Ni(II) species
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The last step of the catalytic cycle in the intermolecular version of this reaction is thought to proceed from a 14-electron Ni(II) species (see ref 46 for a detailed discussion), which facilitates reductive elimination. The coordination of an extra olefin might inhibit this step, by creating a stabilized 16-electron Ni(II) complex. Indeed, we observed a green coloration appearing in the course of the reaction at low loadings, indicating a Ni(II) species.
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