메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 286-294

Immunological headgear: antiviral immune responses protect against neuroinvasive West Nile virus

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C1Q; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERFERON; INTERFERON RECEPTOR; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 3; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 7; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; JANUS KINASE; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; STAT PROTEIN; STROMAL CELL DERIVED FACTOR 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 3; UVOMORULIN; VIRUS PROTEIN; VIRUS RNA; WEST NILE VACCINE;

EID: 46049095465     PISSN: 14714914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.05.004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (35)

References (121)
  • 1
    • 22944485635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease
    • Hayes E.B., et al. Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11 (2005) 1174-1179
    • (2005) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.11 , pp. 1174-1179
    • Hayes, E.B.1
  • 2
    • 0038455694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection
    • Sejvar J.J., et al. Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 290 (2003) 511-515
    • (2003) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.290 , pp. 511-515
    • Sejvar, J.J.1
  • 3
    • 29444438470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the molecular biology of West Nile virus
    • Beasley D.W. Recent advances in the molecular biology of West Nile virus. Curr. Mol. Med. 5 (2005) 835-850
    • (2005) Curr. Mol. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 835-850
    • Beasley, D.W.1
  • 4
    • 0012120835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile viral encephalitis
    • Komar N. West Nile viral encephalitis. Rev. Sci. Tech. 19 (2000) 166-176
    • (2000) Rev. Sci. Tech. , vol.19 , pp. 166-176
    • Komar, N.1
  • 5
    • 34249069580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus encephalitis: sequential histopathological and immunological events in a murine model of infection
    • Garcia-Tapia D., et al. West Nile virus encephalitis: sequential histopathological and immunological events in a murine model of infection. J. Neurovirol. 13 (2007) 130-138
    • (2007) J. Neurovirol. , vol.13 , pp. 130-138
    • Garcia-Tapia, D.1
  • 6
    • 0034740861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1beta but not tumor necrosis factor is involved in West Nile virus-induced Langerhans cell migration from the skin in C57BL/6 mice
    • Byrne S.N., et al. Interleukin-1beta but not tumor necrosis factor is involved in West Nile virus-induced Langerhans cell migration from the skin in C57BL/6 mice. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (2001) 702-709
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.117 , pp. 702-709
    • Byrne, S.N.1
  • 7
    • 33144482922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single amino acid substitution in the West Nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit alpha/beta interferon induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice
    • Liu W.J., et al. A single amino acid substitution in the West Nile virus nonstructural protein NS2A disables its ability to inhibit alpha/beta interferon induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 2396-2404
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 2396-2404
    • Liu, W.J.1
  • 8
    • 27444438072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus replication interferes with both poly(I:C)-induced interferon gene transcription and response to interferon treatment
    • Scholle F., and Mason P.W. West Nile virus replication interferes with both poly(I:C)-induced interferon gene transcription and response to interferon treatment. Virology 342 (2005) 77-87
    • (2005) Virology , vol.342 , pp. 77-87
    • Scholle, F.1    Mason, P.W.2
  • 9
    • 0347593991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for induced IgM in the protection against West Nile virus infection
    • Diamond M.S., et al. A critical role for induced IgM in the protection against West Nile virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 198 (2003) 1853-1862
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.198 , pp. 1853-1862
    • Diamond, M.S.1
  • 10
    • 34948860191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion
    • Arjona A., et al. Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion. J. Clin. Invest. 117 (2007) 3059-3066
    • (2007) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.117 , pp. 3059-3066
    • Arjona, A.1
  • 11
    • 0037319970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus
    • Diamond M.S., et al. B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 2578-2586
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 2578-2586
    • Diamond, M.S.1
  • 12
    • 0034097874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Langerhans cells migrate to local lymph nodes following cutaneous infection with an arbovirus
    • Johnston L.J., et al. Langerhans cells migrate to local lymph nodes following cutaneous infection with an arbovirus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 114 (2000) 560-568
    • (2000) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.114 , pp. 560-568
    • Johnston, L.J.1
  • 13
    • 34248672889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors
    • Kawai T., and Akira S. Antiviral signaling through pattern recognition receptors. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 141 (2007) 137-145
    • (2007) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) , vol.141 , pp. 137-145
    • Kawai, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 14
    • 33646342149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses
    • Kato H., et al. Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses. Nature 441 (2006) 101-105
    • (2006) Nature , vol.441 , pp. 101-105
    • Kato, H.1
  • 15
    • 37849045856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment and maintenance of the innate antiviral response to West Nile Virus involves both RIG-I and MDA5 signaling through IPS-1
    • Fredericksen B.L., et al. Establishment and maintenance of the innate antiviral response to West Nile Virus involves both RIG-I and MDA5 signaling through IPS-1. J. Virol. 82 (2007) 609-616
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.82 , pp. 609-616
    • Fredericksen, B.L.1
  • 16
    • 33644752821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus evades activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 through RIG-I-dependent and -independent pathways without antagonizing host defense signaling
    • Fredericksen B.L., and Gale Jr. M. West Nile virus evades activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 through RIG-I-dependent and -independent pathways without antagonizing host defense signaling. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 2913-2923
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 2913-2923
    • Fredericksen, B.L.1    Gale Jr., M.2
  • 17
    • 3142692686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The host response to West Nile virus infection limits viral spread through the activation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 pathway
    • Fredericksen B.L., et al. The host response to West Nile virus infection limits viral spread through the activation of the interferon regulatory factor 3 pathway. J. Virol. 78 (2004) 7737-7747
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 7737-7747
    • Fredericksen, B.L.1
  • 18
    • 33744791510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role of mda-5 in type I IFN responses to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus
    • Gitlin L., et al. Essential role of mda-5 in type I IFN responses to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 (2006) 8459-8464
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.103 , pp. 8459-8464
    • Gitlin, L.1
  • 19
    • 34548189201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early production of type I interferon during West Nile virus infection: role for lymphoid tissues in IRF3-independent interferon production
    • Bourne N., et al. Early production of type I interferon during West Nile virus infection: role for lymphoid tissues in IRF3-independent interferon production. J. Virol. 81 (2007) 9100-9108
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 9100-9108
    • Bourne, N.1
  • 20
    • 34547631658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-specific IRF-3 responses protect against West Nile virus infection by interferon-dependent and -independent mechanisms
    • Daffis S., et al. Cell-specific IRF-3 responses protect against West Nile virus infection by interferon-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PLoS Pathog. 3 (2007) e106
    • (2007) PLoS Pathog. , vol.3
    • Daffis, S.1
  • 21
    • 37049005384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of human monocyte-derived and plasmacytoid dendritic cells by West Nile virus generated in different host cells
    • Silva M.C., et al. Differential activation of human monocyte-derived and plasmacytoid dendritic cells by West Nile virus generated in different host cells. J. Virol. 81 (2007) 13640-13648
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 13640-13648
    • Silva, M.C.1
  • 22
    • 33645841633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IkappaB kinase-alpha is critical for interferon-alpha production induced by Toll-like receptors 7 and 9
    • Hoshino K., et al. IkappaB kinase-alpha is critical for interferon-alpha production induced by Toll-like receptors 7 and 9. Nature 440 (2006) 949-953
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , pp. 949-953
    • Hoshino, K.1
  • 23
    • 11144273976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
    • Wang T., et al. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis. Nat. Med. 10 (2004) 1366-1373
    • (2004) Nat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 1366-1373
    • Wang, T.1
  • 24
    • 18844457095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling
    • Platanias L.C. Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5 (2005) 375-386
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 375-386
    • Platanias, L.C.1
  • 25
    • 35148820081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus-induced interferon production is mediated by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR
    • Gilfoy F.D., and Mason P.W. West Nile virus-induced interferon production is mediated by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR. J. Virol. 81 (2007) 11148-11158
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 11148-11158
    • Gilfoy, F.D.1    Mason, P.W.2
  • 26
    • 0037047144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positional cloning of the murine flavivirus resistance gene
    • Perelygin A.A., et al. Positional cloning of the murine flavivirus resistance gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99 (2002) 9322-9327
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.99 , pp. 9322-9327
    • Perelygin, A.A.1
  • 27
    • 33748933523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection: a balance between virulence, innate and adaptive immunity, and viral evasion
    • Samuel M.A., and Diamond M.S. Pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection: a balance between virulence, innate and adaptive immunity, and viral evasion. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 9349-9360
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 9349-9360
    • Samuel, M.A.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 28
    • 33644781716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNase L plays a role in the antiviral response to West Nile virus
    • Scherbik S.V., et al. RNase L plays a role in the antiviral response to West Nile virus. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 2987-2999
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 2987-2999
    • Scherbik, S.V.1
  • 29
    • 27144486896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha/beta interferon protects against lethal West Nile virus infection by restricting cellular tropism and enhancing neuronal survival
    • Samuel M.A., and Diamond M.S. Alpha/beta interferon protects against lethal West Nile virus infection by restricting cellular tropism and enhancing neuronal survival. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 13350-13361
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 13350-13361
    • Samuel, M.A.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 30
    • 0037370348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of type I and type II interferon responses in recovery from infection with an encephalitic flavivirus
    • Lobigs M., et al. Role of type I and type II interferon responses in recovery from infection with an encephalitic flavivirus. J. Gen. Virol. 84 (2003) 567-572
    • (2003) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.84 , pp. 567-572
    • Lobigs, M.1
  • 31
    • 13744254078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins
    • Liu W.J., et al. Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 1934-1942
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 1934-1942
    • Liu, W.J.1
  • 32
    • 35448972183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of mutations in NS4B on West Nile virus replication and inhibition of interferon signaling
    • Evans J.D., and Seeger C. Differential effects of mutations in NS4B on West Nile virus replication and inhibition of interferon signaling. J. Virol. 81 (2007) 11809-11816
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 11809-11816
    • Evans, J.D.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 33
    • 13744259524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus inhibits the signal transduction pathway of alpha interferon
    • Guo J.T., et al. West Nile virus inhibits the signal transduction pathway of alpha interferon. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 1343-1350
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Guo, J.T.1
  • 34
    • 33748951978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to alpha/beta interferon is a determinant of West Nile virus replication fitness and virulence
    • Keller B.C., et al. Resistance to alpha/beta interferon is a determinant of West Nile virus replication fitness and virulence. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 9424-9434
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 9424-9434
    • Keller, B.C.1
  • 35
    • 34848900462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol manipulation by West Nile virus perturbs the cellular immune response
    • Mackenzie J.M., et al. Cholesterol manipulation by West Nile virus perturbs the cellular immune response. Cell Host Microbe 2 (2007) 229-239
    • (2007) Cell Host Microbe , vol.2 , pp. 229-239
    • Mackenzie, J.M.1
  • 36
    • 18044390485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral reactivities of gammadelta T cells
    • Poccia F., et al. Antiviral reactivities of gammadelta T cells. Microbes Infect. 7 (2005) 518-528
    • (2005) Microbes Infect. , vol.7 , pp. 518-528
    • Poccia, F.1
  • 37
    • 33646738698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against West Nile virus infection
    • Shrestha B., et al. Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against West Nile virus infection. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 5338-5348
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 5338-5348
    • Shrestha, B.1
  • 38
    • 33746190786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma delta T cells facilitate adaptive immunity against West Nile virus infection in mice
    • Wang T., et al. Gamma delta T cells facilitate adaptive immunity against West Nile virus infection in mice. J. Immunol. 177 (2006) 1825-1832
    • (2006) J. Immunol. , vol.177 , pp. 1825-1832
    • Wang, T.1
  • 39
    • 5444259851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity
    • Carroll M.C. The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity. Nat. Immunol. 5 (2004) 981-986
    • (2004) Nat. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 981-986
    • Carroll, M.C.1
  • 40
    • 33646707490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective immune responses against West Nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways
    • Mehlhop E., and Diamond M.S. Protective immune responses against West Nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways. J. Exp. Med. 203 (2006) 1371-1381
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med. , vol.203 , pp. 1371-1381
    • Mehlhop, E.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 41
    • 19944405462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement activation is required for induction of a protective antibody response against West Nile virus infection
    • Mehlhop E., et al. Complement activation is required for induction of a protective antibody response against West Nile virus infection. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 7466-7477
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 7466-7477
    • Mehlhop, E.1
  • 42
    • 0020574705 scopus 로고
    • Complement receptor mediates enhanced flavivirus replication in macrophages
    • Cardosa M.J., et al. Complement receptor mediates enhanced flavivirus replication in macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 158 (1983) 258-263
    • (1983) J. Exp. Med. , vol.158 , pp. 258-263
    • Cardosa, M.J.1
  • 43
    • 0022642071 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of West Nile virus with primary murine macrophages: role of cell activation and receptors for antibody and complement
    • Cardosa M.J., et al. Interaction of West Nile virus with primary murine macrophages: role of cell activation and receptors for antibody and complement. J. Virol. 57 (1986) 952-959
    • (1986) J. Virol. , vol.57 , pp. 952-959
    • Cardosa, M.J.1
  • 44
    • 33748659233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin G antibody-mediated enhancement of measles virus infection can bypass the protective antiviral immune response
    • Iankov I.D., et al. Immunoglobulin G antibody-mediated enhancement of measles virus infection can bypass the protective antiviral immune response. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 8530-8540
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 8530-8540
    • Iankov, I.D.1
  • 45
    • 0036145303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement component C1q enhances the biological activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific antibodies depending on their fine antigen specificity and heavy-chain isotype
    • Feng J.Q., et al. Complement component C1q enhances the biological activity of influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific antibodies depending on their fine antigen specificity and heavy-chain isotype. J. Virol. 76 (2002) 1369-1378
    • (2002) J. Virol. , vol.76 , pp. 1369-1378
    • Feng, J.Q.1
  • 46
    • 0019414964 scopus 로고
    • Neutralization of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by human complement requires a natural IgM antibody present in human serum
    • Beebe D.P., and Cooper N.R. Neutralization of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) by human complement requires a natural IgM antibody present in human serum. J. Immunol. 126 (1981) 1562-1568
    • (1981) J. Immunol. , vol.126 , pp. 1562-1568
    • Beebe, D.P.1    Cooper, N.R.2
  • 47
    • 0036171823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement-mediated enhancement of antibody function for neutralization of pseudotype virus containing hepatitis C virus E2 chimeric glycoprotein
    • Meyer K., et al. Complement-mediated enhancement of antibody function for neutralization of pseudotype virus containing hepatitis C virus E2 chimeric glycoprotein. J. Virol. 76 (2002) 2150-2158
    • (2002) J. Virol. , vol.76 , pp. 2150-2158
    • Meyer, K.1
  • 48
    • 13944279109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of antibody-dependent complement-mediated inactivation of both autologous and heterologous virus in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Aasa-Chapman M.M., et al. Detection of antibody-dependent complement-mediated inactivation of both autologous and heterologous virus in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 2823-2830
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 2823-2830
    • Aasa-Chapman, M.M.1
  • 49
    • 36749028784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complement protein C1q inhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infection in an IgG subclass-specific manner
    • Mehlhop E., et al. Complement protein C1q inhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infection in an IgG subclass-specific manner. Cell Host Microbe 2 (2007) 417-426
    • (2007) Cell Host Microbe , vol.2 , pp. 417-426
    • Mehlhop, E.1
  • 51
    • 34250748280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell-mediated immune responses in West Nile virus (Sarafend strain) encephalitis are independent of gamma interferon
    • + T cell-mediated immune responses in West Nile virus (Sarafend strain) encephalitis are independent of gamma interferon. J. Gen. Virol. 87 (2006) 3599-3609
    • (2006) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.87 , pp. 3599-3609
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 52
    • 0344736813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells mediate recovery and immunopathology in West Nile virus encephalitis
    • + T cells mediate recovery and immunopathology in West Nile virus encephalitis. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 13323-13334
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 13323-13334
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 53
    • 0042430331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-gamma-producing gamma delta T cells help control murine West Nile virus infection
    • Wang T., et al. IFN-gamma-producing gamma delta T cells help control murine West Nile virus infection. J. Immunol. 171 (2003) 2524-2531
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.171 , pp. 2524-2531
    • Wang, T.1
  • 54
    • 3242677841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells in control of West Nile virus infection
    • + T cells in control of West Nile virus infection. J. Virol. 78 (2004) 8312-8321
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 8312-8321
    • Shrestha, B.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 55
    • 30144432221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus meningoencephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis after infliximab treatment
    • Chan-Tack K.M., and Forrest G. West nile virus meningoencephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis after infliximab treatment. J. Rheumatol. 33 (2006) 191-192
    • (2006) J. Rheumatol. , vol.33 , pp. 191-192
    • Chan-Tack, K.M.1    Forrest, G.2
  • 56
    • 22544473063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging viral infections in transplant recipients
    • Kumar D., and Humar A. Emerging viral infections in transplant recipients. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 18 (2005) 337-341
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 337-341
    • Kumar, D.1    Humar, A.2
  • 57
    • 33748744718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of immunosuppression on West Nile virus infection in hamsters
    • Mateo R., et al. Effects of immunosuppression on West Nile virus infection in hamsters. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 75 (2006) 356-362
    • (2006) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.75 , pp. 356-362
    • Mateo, R.1
  • 58
    • 0141925650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate and adaptive immune responses determine protection against disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus
    • Diamond M.S., et al. Innate and adaptive immune responses determine protection against disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus. Viral Immunol. 16 (2003) 259-278
    • (2003) Viral Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 259-278
    • Diamond, M.S.1
  • 59
    • 0344304693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody prophylaxis and therapy against West Nile virus infection in wild-type and immunodeficient mice
    • Engle M.J., and Diamond M.S. Antibody prophylaxis and therapy against West Nile virus infection in wild-type and immunodeficient mice. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 12941-12949
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 12941-12949
    • Engle, M.J.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 60
    • 0032505578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA-based and alphavirus-vectored immunisation with prM and E proteins elicits long-lived and protective immunity against the flavivirus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus
    • Colombage G., et al. DNA-based and alphavirus-vectored immunisation with prM and E proteins elicits long-lived and protective immunity against the flavivirus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus. Virology 250 (1998) 151-163
    • (1998) Virology , vol.250 , pp. 151-163
    • Colombage, G.1
  • 61
    • 21044448356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a humanized monoclonal antibody with therapeutic potential against West Nile virus
    • Oliphant T., et al. Development of a humanized monoclonal antibody with therapeutic potential against West Nile virus. Nat. Med. 11 (2005) 522-530
    • (2005) Nat. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 522-530
    • Oliphant, T.1
  • 62
    • 33747607044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus in complex with the Fab fragment of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody
    • Kaufmann B., et al. West Nile virus in complex with the Fab fragment of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 (2006) 12400-12404
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.103 , pp. 12400-12404
    • Kaufmann, B.1
  • 63
    • 26944454471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of West Nile virus neutralization by a therapeutic antibody
    • Nybakken G.E., et al. Structural basis of West Nile virus neutralization by a therapeutic antibody. Nature 437 (2005) 764-769
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 764-769
    • Nybakken, G.E.1
  • 64
    • 31144442443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against West Nile virus nonstructural protein NS1 prevent lethal infection through Fc gamma receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms
    • Chung K.M., et al. Antibodies against West Nile virus nonstructural protein NS1 prevent lethal infection through Fc gamma receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 1340-1351
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 1340-1351
    • Chung, K.M.1
  • 65
    • 0035686863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody prophylaxis and therapy for flavivirus encephalitis infections
    • Roehrig J.T., et al. Antibody prophylaxis and therapy for flavivirus encephalitis infections. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 951 (2001) 286-297
    • (2001) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.951 , pp. 286-297
    • Roehrig, J.T.1
  • 66
    • 0020565814 scopus 로고
    • Identification of epitopes on the E glycoprotein of Saint Louis encephalitis virus using monoclonal antibodies
    • Roehrig J.T., et al. Identification of epitopes on the E glycoprotein of Saint Louis encephalitis virus using monoclonal antibodies. Virology 128 (1983) 118-126
    • (1983) Virology , vol.128 , pp. 118-126
    • Roehrig, J.T.1
  • 67
    • 0036891872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of neutralizing epitopes within structural domain III of the West Nile virus envelope protein
    • Beasley D.W., and Barrett A.D. Identification of neutralizing epitopes within structural domain III of the West Nile virus envelope protein. J. Virol. 76 (2002) 13097-13100
    • (2002) J. Virol. , vol.76 , pp. 13097-13100
    • Beasley, D.W.1    Barrett, A.D.2
  • 68
    • 18044396710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus
    • Sanchez M.D., et al. Characterization of neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus. Virology 336 (2005) 70-82
    • (2005) Virology , vol.336 , pp. 70-82
    • Sanchez, M.D.1
  • 69
    • 2942538171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a recombinant envelope protein subunit antigen for specific serological diagnosis of West Nile virus infection
    • Beasley D.W., et al. Use of a recombinant envelope protein subunit antigen for specific serological diagnosis of West Nile virus infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42 (2004) 2759-2765
    • (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.42 , pp. 2759-2765
    • Beasley, D.W.1
  • 70
    • 33847102800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neutralizing antibody response against West Nile virus in naturally infected horses
    • Sanchez M.D., et al. The neutralizing antibody response against West Nile virus in naturally infected horses. Virology 359 (2007) 336-348
    • (2007) Virology , vol.359 , pp. 336-348
    • Sanchez, M.D.1
  • 71
    • 10044263508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes
    • Crill W.D., and Chang G.J. Localization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes. J. Virol. 78 (2004) 13975-13986
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 13975-13986
    • Crill, W.D.1    Chang, G.J.2
  • 72
    • 33748948792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptic properties of a cluster of dominant flavivirus cross-reactive antigenic sites
    • Stiasny K., et al. Cryptic properties of a cluster of dominant flavivirus cross-reactive antigenic sites. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 9557-9568
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 9557-9568
    • Stiasny, K.1
  • 73
    • 33845389501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody recognition and neutralization determinants on domains I and II of West Nile virus envelope protein
    • Oliphant T., et al. Antibody recognition and neutralization determinants on domains I and II of West Nile virus envelope protein. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 12149-12159
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 12149-12159
    • Oliphant, T.1
  • 74
    • 0019351905 scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated immunity in flavivirus infections. I. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice by an attenuated virus from the tick-borne encephalitis complex and its group-reactive character
    • Gajdosova E., et al. Cell-mediated immunity in flavivirus infections. I. Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice by an attenuated virus from the tick-borne encephalitis complex and its group-reactive character. Acta Virol. 25 (1981) 10-18
    • (1981) Acta Virol. , vol.25 , pp. 10-18
    • Gajdosova, E.1
  • 75
    • 0022568403 scopus 로고
    • Development of in vitro correlate of cell mediated immunity following Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine among laboratory personnel
    • Kelkar S.D., et al. Development of in vitro correlate of cell mediated immunity following Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine among laboratory personnel. Indian J. Med. Res. 83 (1986) 104-107
    • (1986) Indian J. Med. Res. , vol.83 , pp. 104-107
    • Kelkar, S.D.1
  • 76
    • 0023259871 scopus 로고
    • The primary in vivo murine cytotoxic T cell response to the flavivirus, West Nile
    • Kesson A.M., et al. The primary in vivo murine cytotoxic T cell response to the flavivirus, West Nile. J. Gen. Virol. 68 (1987) 2001-2006
    • (1987) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.68 , pp. 2001-2006
    • Kesson, A.M.1
  • 77
    • 0026077140 scopus 로고
    • In vitro T-cell proliferative response to the flavivirus, West Nile
    • Kulkarni A.B., et al. In vitro T-cell proliferative response to the flavivirus, West Nile. Viral Immunol. 4 (1991) 73-82
    • (1991) Viral Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 73-82
    • Kulkarni, A.B.1
  • 78
    • 0016274962 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide-potentiated West Nile viral encephalitis: relative influence of cellular and humoral factors
    • Camenga D.L., et al. Cyclophosphamide-potentiated West Nile viral encephalitis: relative influence of cellular and humoral factors. J. Infect. Dis. 130 (1974) 634-641
    • (1974) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.130 , pp. 634-641
    • Camenga, D.L.1
  • 79
    • 34548596997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosterone impairs dendritic cell maturation and function
    • Elftman M.D., et al. Corticosterone impairs dendritic cell maturation and function. Immunology 122 (2007) 279-290
    • (2007) Immunology , vol.122 , pp. 279-290
    • Elftman, M.D.1
  • 80
    • 0036447005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of stress on memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated protection against herpes simplex virus infection at mucosal sites
    • Wonnacott K.M., and Bonneau R.H. The effects of stress on memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated protection against herpes simplex virus infection at mucosal sites. Brain Behav. Immun. 16 (2002) 104-117
    • (2002) Brain Behav. Immun. , vol.16 , pp. 104-117
    • Wonnacott, K.M.1    Bonneau, R.H.2
  • 81
    • 0025317893 scopus 로고
    • The influence of cold or isolation stress on resistance of mice to West Nile virus encephalitis
    • Ben-Nathan D., and Feuerstein G. The influence of cold or isolation stress on resistance of mice to West Nile virus encephalitis. Experientia 46 (1990) 285-290
    • (1990) Experientia , vol.46 , pp. 285-290
    • Ben-Nathan, D.1    Feuerstein, G.2
  • 82
    • 33644976839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of SDF-1 (CXCL12) production by osteoblasts; a possible mechanism for stem cell homing
    • Jung Y., et al. Regulation of SDF-1 (CXCL12) production by osteoblasts; a possible mechanism for stem cell homing. Bone 38 (2006) 497-508
    • (2006) Bone , vol.38 , pp. 497-508
    • Jung, Y.1
  • 83
    • 35248875176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of IFN-gamma in an experimental murine model of West Nile virus-induced seizures
    • Getts D.R., et al. Role of IFN-gamma in an experimental murine model of West Nile virus-induced seizures. J. Neurochem. 103 (2007) 1019-1030
    • (2007) J. Neurochem. , vol.103 , pp. 1019-1030
    • Getts, D.R.1
  • 84
    • 2342460212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exocytosis and Fas mediated cytolytic mechanisms exert protection from West Nile virus induced encephalitis in mice
    • Wang Y., et al. Exocytosis and Fas mediated cytolytic mechanisms exert protection from West Nile virus induced encephalitis in mice. Immunol. Cell Biol. 82 (2004) 170-173
    • (2004) Immunol. Cell Biol. , vol.82 , pp. 170-173
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 85
    • 33845462484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell responses are required for clearance of West Nile virus from the central nervous system
    • + T-cell responses are required for clearance of West Nile virus from the central nervous system. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 12060-12069
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 12060-12069
    • Sitati, E.M.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 86
    • 33645992767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells require perforin to clear West Nile virus from infected neurons
    • + T cells require perforin to clear West Nile virus from infected neurons. J. Virol. 80 (2006) 119-129
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 119-129
    • Shrestha, B.1
  • 87
    • 36749000533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal transport mediates West Nile virus entry into the central nervous system and induces acute flaccid paralysis
    • Samuel M.A., et al. Axonal transport mediates West Nile virus entry into the central nervous system and induces acute flaccid paralysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 (2007) 17140-17145
    • (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.104 , pp. 17140-17145
    • Samuel, M.A.1
  • 88
    • 33847131092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces MMP-9 expression in macrophages via the MEK-ERK MAP kinase pathway
    • Yu X., et al. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces MMP-9 expression in macrophages via the MEK-ERK MAP kinase pathway. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 27 (2007) 103-109
    • (2007) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. , vol.27 , pp. 103-109
    • Yu, X.1
  • 89
    • 23744437416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediates blood-brain barrier breakdown and is proinflammatory after transient focal cerebral ischemia
    • Gidday J.M., et al. Leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediates blood-brain barrier breakdown and is proinflammatory after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289 (2005) H558-H568
    • (2005) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. , vol.289
    • Gidday, J.M.1
  • 90
    • 34249106996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells into the brain during chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii
    • + T cells into the brain during chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 27 (2007) 329-338
    • (2007) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. , vol.27 , pp. 329-338
    • Wang, X.1
  • 91
    • 0029690481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus neuroinvasion and encephalitis induced by macrophage depletion in mice
    • Ben-Nathan D., et al. West Nile virus neuroinvasion and encephalitis induced by macrophage depletion in mice. Arch. Virol. 141 (1996) 459-469
    • (1996) Arch. Virol. , vol.141 , pp. 459-469
    • Ben-Nathan, D.1
  • 92
    • 33947415733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase-3 dependent cell death of neurons contributes to the pathogenesis of West Nile virus encephalitis
    • Samuel M.A., et al. Caspase-3 dependent cell death of neurons contributes to the pathogenesis of West Nile virus encephalitis. J. Virol. 81 (2006) 2614-2623
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 2614-2623
    • Samuel, M.A.1
  • 93
    • 0344736838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection and injury of neurons by West Nile encephalitis virus
    • Shrestha B., et al. Infection and injury of neurons by West Nile encephalitis virus. J. Virol. 77 (2003) 13203-13213
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 13203-13213
    • Shrestha, B.1
  • 94
    • 33746889452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal analyses of the neuropathogenesis of a West Nile virus infection in mice
    • Hunsperger E.A., and Roehrig J.T. Temporal analyses of the neuropathogenesis of a West Nile virus infection in mice. J. Neurovirol. 12 (2006) 129-139
    • (2006) J. Neurovirol. , vol.12 , pp. 129-139
    • Hunsperger, E.A.1    Roehrig, J.T.2
  • 95
    • 33846106368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated regulation and widespread cellular expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) ISG-49, ISG-54, and ISG-56 in the central nervous system after infection with distinct viruses
    • Wacher C., et al. Coordinated regulation and widespread cellular expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) ISG-49, ISG-54, and ISG-56 in the central nervous system after infection with distinct viruses. J. Virol. 81 (2007) 860-871
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 860-871
    • Wacher, C.1
  • 96
    • 23844435550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell recruitment and control of West Nile virus encephalitis
    • + T-cell recruitment and control of West Nile virus encephalitis. J. Virol. 79 (2005) 11457-11466
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 11457-11466
    • Klein, R.S.1
  • 97
    • 42149190657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CXCR3 mediates region-specific antiviral T cell trafficking within the central nervous system during West Nile virus encephalitis
    • Zhang B., et al. CXCR3 mediates region-specific antiviral T cell trafficking within the central nervous system during West Nile virus encephalitis. J. Immunol. 180 (2008) 2641-2649
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.180 , pp. 2641-2649
    • Zhang, B.1
  • 98
    • 26844529383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine receptor CCR5 promotes leukocyte trafficking to the brain and survival in West Nile virus infection
    • Glass W.G., et al. Chemokine receptor CCR5 promotes leukocyte trafficking to the brain and survival in West Nile virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 202 (2005) 1087-1098
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med. , vol.202 , pp. 1087-1098
    • Glass, W.G.1
  • 99
    • 4644280265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different chemokine expression in lethal and non-lethal murine West Nile virus infection
    • Shirato K., et al. Different chemokine expression in lethal and non-lethal murine West Nile virus infection. J. Med. Virol. 74 (2004) 507-513
    • (2004) J. Med. Virol. , vol.74 , pp. 507-513
    • Shirato, K.1
  • 100
    • 31344465937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CCR5 deficiency increases risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection
    • Glass W.G., et al. CCR5 deficiency increases risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 203 (2006) 35-40
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med. , vol.203 , pp. 35-40
    • Glass, W.G.1
  • 101
    • 39149133656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic deficiency of chemokine receptor CCR5 is a strong risk factor for symptomatic West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of 4 cohorts in the US epidemic
    • Lim J.K., et al. Genetic deficiency of chemokine receptor CCR5 is a strong risk factor for symptomatic West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of 4 cohorts in the US epidemic. J. Infect. Dis. 197 (2008) 262-265
    • (2008) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.197 , pp. 262-265
    • Lim, J.K.1
  • 102
    • 1642334598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of the brain and spinal cord in human West Nile virus infection
    • Bouffard J.P., et al. Neuropathology of the brain and spinal cord in human West Nile virus infection. Clin. Neuropathol. 23 (2004) 59-61
    • (2004) Clin. Neuropathol. , vol.23 , pp. 59-61
    • Bouffard, J.P.1
  • 103
    • 33751557620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CXCL12 limits inflammation by localizing mononuclear infiltrates to the perivascular space during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • McCandless E.E., et al. CXCL12 limits inflammation by localizing mononuclear infiltrates to the perivascular space during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 177 (2006) 8053-8064
    • (2006) J. Immunol. , vol.177 , pp. 8053-8064
    • McCandless, E.E.1
  • 104
    • 40449087213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologic expression of CXCL12 at the blood-brain barrier correlates with severity of multiple sclerosis
    • McCandless E.E., et al. Pathologic expression of CXCL12 at the blood-brain barrier correlates with severity of multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Pathol. 172 (2008) 799-808
    • (2008) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.172 , pp. 799-808
    • McCandless, E.E.1
  • 105
    • 0034544508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell accumulation in rheumatoid arthritis synovium
    • + T cell accumulation in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 6590-6598
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 6590-6598
    • Nanki, T.1
  • 107
    • 0035896737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inflammation is controlled by the expression of CD40 within the central nervous system
    • Becher B., et al. The clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inflammation is controlled by the expression of CD40 within the central nervous system. J. Exp. Med. 193 (2001) 967-974
    • (2001) J. Exp. Med. , vol.193 , pp. 967-974
    • Becher, B.1
  • 108
    • 33645454762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-dependent conversation between central nervous system-specific T cells and the central nervous system is required for inflammatory infiltration of the spinal cord
    • Gimenez M.A., et al. A tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-dependent conversation between central nervous system-specific T cells and the central nervous system is required for inflammatory infiltration of the spinal cord. Am. J. Pathol. 168 (2006) 1200-1209
    • (2006) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.168 , pp. 1200-1209
    • Gimenez, M.A.1
  • 109
    • 0032953939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of immunotherapeutic intervention by anti-CD40L (CD154) antibody in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
    • Howard L.M., et al. Mechanisms of immunotherapeutic intervention by anti-CD40L (CD154) antibody in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 103 (1999) 281-290
    • (1999) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.103 , pp. 281-290
    • Howard, L.M.1
  • 110
    • 35348876080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells into the brain and protection against West Nile virus encephalitis
    • + T cells into the brain and protection against West Nile virus encephalitis. J. Virol. 81 (2007) 9801-9811
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 9801-9811
    • Sitati, E.1
  • 111
    • 0038448987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in treating West Nile virus infection in mice
    • Ben-Nathan D., et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in treating West Nile virus infection in mice. J. Infect. Dis. 188 (2003) 5-12
    • (2003) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.188 , pp. 5-12
    • Ben-Nathan, D.1
  • 112
    • 0036759080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a lung transplant recipient with West Nile virus encephalitis
    • Hamdan A., et al. Possible benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a lung transplant recipient with West Nile virus encephalitis. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 4 (2002) 160-162
    • (2002) Transpl. Infect. Dis. , vol.4 , pp. 160-162
    • Hamdan, A.1
  • 113
    • 37349078256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacies of three commercially available vaccines against West Nile virus (WNV) in a short-duration challenge trial involving an equine WNV encephalitis model
    • Seino K.K., et al. Comparative efficacies of three commercially available vaccines against West Nile virus (WNV) in a short-duration challenge trial involving an equine WNV encephalitis model. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 14 (2007) 1465-1471
    • (2007) Clin. Vaccine Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 1465-1471
    • Seino, K.K.1
  • 114
    • 38449119165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, duration, and onset of immunogenicity of a West Nile virus vaccine, live Flavivirus chimera, in horses with a clinical disease challenge model
    • Long M.T., et al. Efficacy, duration, and onset of immunogenicity of a West Nile virus vaccine, live Flavivirus chimera, in horses with a clinical disease challenge model. Equine Vet. J. 39 (2007) 491-497
    • (2007) Equine Vet. J. , vol.39 , pp. 491-497
    • Long, M.T.1
  • 115
    • 39149128276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A West Nile virus DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody in healthy adults during a phase 1 clinical trial
    • Martin J.E., et al. A West Nile virus DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody in healthy adults during a phase 1 clinical trial. J. Infect. Dis. 196 (2007) 1732-1740
    • (2007) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.196 , pp. 1732-1740
    • Martin, J.E.1
  • 116
    • 33644543455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of West Nile virus vaccination
    • Zohrabian A., et al. Cost-effectiveness of West Nile virus vaccination. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12 (2006) 375-380
    • (2006) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 375-380
    • Zohrabian, A.1
  • 117
    • 34248392684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases
    • Dheen S.T., et al. Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases. Curr. Med. Chem. 14 (2007) 1189-1197
    • (2007) Curr. Med. Chem. , vol.14 , pp. 1189-1197
    • Dheen, S.T.1
  • 118
    • 33847737758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory mediators released by activated microglia induces neuronal death in Japanese encephalitis
    • Ghoshal A., et al. Proinflammatory mediators released by activated microglia induces neuronal death in Japanese encephalitis. Glia 55 (2007) 483-496
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , pp. 483-496
    • Ghoshal, A.1
  • 119
    • 20044376483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis repressed by microglial paralysis
    • Heppner F.L., et al. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis repressed by microglial paralysis. Nat. Med. 11 (2005) 146-152
    • (2005) Nat. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 146-152
    • Heppner, F.L.1
  • 120
    • 1642305906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate receptor antagonists protect from virus-induced neural degeneration
    • Nargi-Aizenman J.L., et al. Glutamate receptor antagonists protect from virus-induced neural degeneration. Ann. Neurol. 55 (2004) 541-549
    • (2004) Ann. Neurol. , vol.55 , pp. 541-549
    • Nargi-Aizenman, J.L.1
  • 121
    • 33947410341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection conferred by astrocytes is insufficient to protect animals from succumbing to Japanese encephalitis
    • Mishra M.K., et al. Neuroprotection conferred by astrocytes is insufficient to protect animals from succumbing to Japanese encephalitis. Neurochem. Int. 50 (2007) 764-773
    • (2007) Neurochem. Int. , vol.50 , pp. 764-773
    • Mishra, M.K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.