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Granwehr BP, Lillibridge KM, Higgs S, et al. West Nile virus: where are we now? Lancet Infect Dis 2004; 4:547-556. This recent review provides an update on WNV biology, highlights recent advances in the field and explores several unanswered questions about WNV.
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Lancet Infect Dis
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Pealer LN, Martin AA, Petersen LR, et al. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1236-1245.
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Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients
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Iwamoto M, Jernigan DB, Guasch A, et al. Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2196-2203.
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The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) under contract with the Health Resources and Services Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HRSA). Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). Available at: www.optn.org. Richmond, Virginia. Accessed: 11 February 2004. This website provides a notice from the HRSA, which provides clarification about available WNV diagnostic and screening tests, and provides guidance for the use of these tests in the setting of organ donation and transplantation.
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Screening for West Nile virus in organ transplantation: A medical decision analysis
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Kiberd BA, Forward K. Screening for West Nile virus in organ transplantation: a medical decision analysis. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:1296-1301. This decision analysis suggested that in many cases screening donors for WNV may be detrimental from a societal perspective because of false-positive screening tests. Screening would be most beneficial in high seroprevalence areas.
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Am J Transplant
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Kumar D, Prasad GV, Zaltzman J, et al. Community-acquired West Nile virus infection in solid-organ transplant recipients. Transplantation 2004; 77:399-402.
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Prasad, G.V.2
Zaltzman, J.3
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Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Marder BA, Levi ME, et al. Naturally acquired West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in transplant recipients: clinical, laboratory, diagnostic, and neuropathological features. Arch Neurol 2004; 61:1210-1220. This case series from Colorado describes the features of 11 transplant recipients with community-acquired WNV. Although the findings are similar to those seen in non-transplant patients, they tend to be at the severe end of the spectrum.
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Arch Neurol
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Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B.K.1
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E-published 14 April 2004
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Ravindra KV, Freifeld AG, Kalil AC, et al. West Nile virus-associated encephalitis in recipients of renal and pancreas transplants: case series and literature review. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1257-1260; E-published 14 April 2004.
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A seroprevalence study of West Nile virus infection in solid organ transplant recipients
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Kumar D, Drebot MA, Wong SJ, et al. A seroprevalence study of West Nile virus infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:1883-1888. By undertaking a seroprevalence study in a transplant population, the risk of neurological disease after infection with WNV was calculated at approximately 40% for transplant patients. This is much higher than the less than 1% risk in the general population. This study also highlighted poor compliance with measures such as insect repellant among transplant patients.
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Am J Transplant
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Kumar, D.1
Drebot, M.A.2
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Poutanen SM, Low DE. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: an update. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004; 17:287-294. This recent review provides an update on the virology and epidemiology of SARS.
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Chinese SARS Molecular Epidemiology Consortium. Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China. Science 2004; 303:1666-1669. This paper describes the molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus.
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Kumar D, Tellier R, Draker R, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in a liver transplant recipient and guidelines for donor SARS screening. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:977-981.
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Am J Transplant
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in transplantation: Clinical and virologic findings and implementation of a SARS screening tool
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Kumar D, Farcas G, Uy K, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in transplantation: clinical and virologic findings and implementation of a SARS screening tool [Abstract no. 975] Am J Transplant 2004; 4(Suppl. 8): 425.
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Am J Transplant
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An indolent case of severe acute respiratory syndrome
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Lam MF, Ooi GC, Lam B, et al. An indolent case of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169:125-128.
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E-published 10 December 2004
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Farcas GA, Poutanen SM, Mazzulli T, et al. Fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with multiorgan involvement by coronavirus. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:193-197. E-published 10 December 2004. The authors analyse SARS coronavirus viral load in a number of tissues from autopsy specimens of SARS patients. They demonstrate a high copy number of virus spread throughout numerous tissues.
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J Infect Dis
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Farcas, G.A.1
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Chui AK, Rao AR, Chan HL, Hui AY. Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on liver transplantation service. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:2302-2303. In the midst of a SARS outbreak, a liver transplant programme was essentially shut down because of concerns about donors and recipients and as a result of resource issues.
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Transplant Proc
, vol.36
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Chui, A.K.1
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Allen U, Hebert D, Churchill C, et al. The potential impact of SARS on organ transplantation: exercise caution. Pediatr Transplant 2003; 7:345-347.
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Pediatr Transplant
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