Evaluating measures of campaign tone

Political Communication

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 158-179

  Ridout, Travis N ^a   Franz, Michael ^b  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BOWDOIN COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Campaign tone; Local news; Negative advertising; Turnout

Indexed keywords

EID: 45849143291     PISSN: 10584609     EISSN: 10917675     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10584600801985409     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Ansolabehere, S., Iyengar, S., Simon, A. F., & Valentino, N. A. (1994). Does attack advertising demobilize the electorate? American Political Science Review, 88, 829-838.
2. Berendt, K., Fowler, E. F., Hale, M., Pelika, S., Rivlin, J., Stephens, D., Williams, A., & Goldstein, K. (2003). Political information flows in the 2002 elections. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.
3. Brox, B. J. (2004). Preparing for war: How candidates create campaigns. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.
4. Clymer, A. (2004, May 12). Lie, and the voters will believe. New York Times, p. A23.
5. Crouse, T. (1973). The boys on the bus. New York: Random House.
6. Djupe, P. A., & Peterson, D. A. M. (2002). The impact of negative campaigning: Evidence from the 1998 senatorial primaries Political Research Quarterly, 55, 845-860.
7. Finkel, S. E., & Geer, J. G. (1998). A spot check: Casting doubt on the demobilizing effect of attack advertising. American Journal of Political Science, 42, 573-595.
8. Franklin, C. H., Fowler, E. F., Goldstein, K., & Stevens, D. (2004). Political information flows and their effects in the 2002 elections. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago.
9. Freedman, P., Franz, M., & Goldstein, K. (2004). Campaign advertising and democratic citizenship. American Journal of Political Science, 48, 723-741.
10. Freedman, P., & Goldstein, K. (1999). Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads. American Journal of Political Science, 43, 1189-1208.
11. Freedman, P., & Lawton, L. D. (2004). The view from the air: Television advertising in Virginia's 2000 Senate campaign. In K. M. Goldstein & P. Strach (Eds.), The medium and the message: Television advertising and American elections. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
12. Goldstein, K., & Freedman, P. (2000). New evidence for new arguments: Money and advertising in the 1996 Senate elections. Journal of Politics, 62, 1087-1109.
13. Goldstein, K., & Freedman, P. (2002a). Campaign advertising and voter turnout: New evidence for a stimulation effect. Journal of Politics, 64, 721-740.
14. Goldstein, K., & Freedman, P. (2002b). Lessons learned: Campaign advertising in the 2000 elections. Political Communication, 19, 5-28.
15. Jamieson, K. H., Kenski, K., Mendoza, M., Waldman, P., & Sherr, S. (2000). Are attack ads necessarily negative? In K. H. Jamieson (Ed.), Everything you think you know about politics . . . and why you're wrong. New York: Basic Books.
16. Jamieson, K. H., Waldman, P., & Sherr, S. (2000). Eliminate the negative? Categories of analysis for political advertisements. In J. Thurber, C. Nelson, & D. Dulio (Eds.), Crowded airwaves. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
17. Kahn, K. F., & Kenney, P. J. (1999a). Do negative campaigns mobilize or suppress turnout? American Political Science Review, 93, 877-890.
18. Kahn, K. F., & Kenney, P. J. (1999b). The spectacle of U.S. Senate campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
19. Lau, R. R., & Pomper, G. M. (2004). Negative campaigning: An analysis of U.S. Senate elections. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
20. Lau, R. R., Sigelman, L., Heldman, C., & Babbitt, P. (1999). The effects of negative political advertisements: A meta-analytic assessment. American Political Science Review, 93, 851-875.
21. Leighley, J. E. (2004). Mass media and politics: A social science perspective. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
22. Martin, P. S. (2004). Inside the black box of negative campaign effects: Three reasons why negative campaigns mobilize. Political Psychology, 25, 545-562.
23. Pelika, S. L., & Fowler, E. F. (2004). A multidimensional approach to campaign media analysis: Information flows in the 2002 elections. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL.
24. Peterson, D. A. M., & Djupe, P. A. (2005). When primary campaigns go negative: The determinants of campaign negativity. Political Research Quarterly, 58, 45-54.
25. Prior, M. (2001). Weighted content analysis of political advertisements. Political Communication 18, 335-345.
26. Ridout, T. N., Franz, M., Goldstein, K., & Freedman, P. (2003). Measuring exposure to campaign advertising. Working paper, University of Wisconsin.
27. Sabato, L. J. (1991). Feeding frenzy: How attack journalism has transformed American politics. New York: Free Press.
28. Shaw, D. R., & Sparrow, B. H. (1999). From the inner ring out: News convergence, cue-taking, and campaign coverage. Political Research Quarterly, 52, 323-351.
29. Sigelman, L., & Kugler, M. (2003). Why is research on the effects of negative campaigning so inconclusive? Understanding citizens' perceptions of negativity. Journal of Politics, 65, 142-160.