Measuring media exposure and the effects of negative campaign ads

American Journal of Political Science

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 1189-1208

  Freedman, Paul ^a   Goldstein, Ken ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033247025     PISSN: 00925853     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2991823     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Shanto Iyengar. 1995. Going Negative: How Political Ads Shrink and Polarize the Electorate. New York: The Free Press.
2. Ansolabehere, Stephen, Shanto Iyengar, Adam Simon, and Nicholas Valentine. 1994. "Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate?" American Political Science Review 88:829-838.
3. Bartels, Larry. 1993. "Messages Received: The Political Impact of Media Exposure." American Political Science Review. 87:267-281.
4. Bartels, Larry. 1996a. "Going Negative: How Political Ads Shrink and Polarize the Electorate." (book review). Public Opinion Quarterly 60:456-461.
5. Bartels, Larry. 1996b. "Entertainment Television Items on 1995 Pilot Study." Report to the National Election Studies Board of Overseers.
6. Brehm, John. 1993. The Phantom Respondents: Opinion Surveys and Political Representation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
7. Finkel, Steven. 1993. "Re-examining the Minimal Effects Model in Recent Presidential Campaigns." Journal of Politics 55:1-21.
8. Finkel, Steven, and John Geer. 1998. "A Spot Check: Casting Doubt on the Demobilizing Effect of Attack Advertising." American Journal of Political Science 42:573-595.
9. Garramone, Gina M., Charles T. Atkin, Bruce E. Pinkleton, and Richard T. Cole. 1990. "Effects of Negative Political Advertising on the Political Process." Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 34:299-311.
10. Geer, John G. 1998. "Campaigns, Competition, and Political Advertising." In New Perspectives on Party Politics, ed. John G. Geer. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Forthcoming.
11. Goldstein, Kenneth. 1997. "Political Advertising and Political Persuasion in the 1996 Election." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C.
12. Holbrook, Thomas. 1996. Do Campaigns Matter? Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
13. Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, Paul Waldman, and Susan Sherr. 1998. "Eliminating the Negative? Defining and Refining Categories of Analysis for Political Advertisements." Presented at the Conference on Political Advertising in Election Campaigns. Washington, D.C.
14. Jamieson, Kathleen Hall, Paul Waldman, and James Devitt. 1998. "Mapping the Discourse of the 1998 U.S. Presidential General Election," Media, Culture and Society 20:347-354.
15. Kahn, Kim Fridkin, and John Geer. 1994. "Creating Impressions: An Experimental Investigation of Political Advertising on Television." Political Behavior 16:93-116.
16. Lau, Richard R. 1985. "Two Explanations for Negativity Effects in Political Behavior." American Journal of Political Science 29:119-138.
17. Lau, Richard R., and Lee Sigelman. 1998. "The Effectiveness of Negative Political Advertising: A Literature Review." Presented at the Conference on Political Advertising in Election Campaigns. Washington, D.C.
18. Mayer, William G. 1996. "In Defense of Negative Campaigning." Political Science Quarterly 111:437-455.
19. McGuire, William. 1986. "The Myth of Massive Media Impact: Savagings and Salvagings." Public Communication and Behavior 1:173-257.
20. Patterson, Thomas, and Robert McClure. 1976. The Unseeing Eye: Myth of Television Power in Politics. New York: Putnam.
21. Price, Vincent, and John Zaller. 1993. "Who Gets the News: Alternative Measures and Their Implications for Research." Public Opinion Quarterly 57:133-164.
22. Prior, Markus. 1997. "All Advertising is Local." Masters Thesis, Ohio State University.
23. Rosenstone, Steven J., and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
24. West, Darrell M. 1997. Air Wars. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc.
25. Zaller, John. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. Zaller, John. 1996. "The Myth of Massive Media Impact Revisited." In Political Persuasion and Attitude Change, ed. Diana Mutz, Paul Sniderman, and Richard Brody. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.