Statins and small GTPases: Koch's postulates and chronic kidney disease

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 433-438

  Joles, Jaap A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Choronic kidney disease; HMG CoA reductase; Pleiotropic; Statin

Indexed keywords

HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE; KLOTHO PROTEIN; RHOA GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; STATIN;

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG INHIBITION; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ENZYME ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; NOTE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PLEIOTROPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

ANIMALS; BACTERIOLOGY; CHRONIC DISEASE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; KIDNEY DISEASES; MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; PHYSIOLOGY;

EID: 44449129950     PISSN: 09310509     EISSN: 14602385     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfm718     Document Type: Note

References (50)

1. Nakagawa T, Kobayashi T, Awata N et al. Randomized, controlled trial of secondary prevention of coronary sclerosis in normocholesterolemic patients using pravastatin: final 5-year angiographic follow-up of the Prevention of Coronary Sclerosis (PCS) study. Int J Cardiol 2004; 97: 107-114
2. Liao JK, Laufs U. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 45: 89-118
3. Kureishi Y, Luo Z, Shiojima I et al. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase Akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. Nat Med 2000; 6: 1004-1010
4. Feron O, Dessy C, Desager JP, Balligand JL. Hydroxy-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase inhibition promotes endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation through a decrease in caveolin abundance. Circulation 2001; 103: 113-118
5. Lee TS, Chang CC, Zhu Y, Shyy JY. Simvastatin induces heme oxygenase-1: a novel mechanism of vessel protection. Circulation 2004; 110: 1296-1302
6. Chen JC, Huang KC, Lin WW. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression in murine RAW264.7 macrophages via ERK, p38 MAPK and protein kinase G pathways. Cell Signal 2006; 18: 32-39
7. Mason RP, Walter MF, Day CA, Jacob RF. Active metabolite of atorvastatin inhibits membrane cholesterol domain formation by an antioxidant mechanism. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 9337-9345
8. Grosser N, Erdmann K, Hemmerle A et al. Rosuvastatin upregulates the antioxidant defense protein heme oxygenase-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 325: 871-876
9. Gueler F, Park JK, Rong S et al. Statins attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in infiltrating macrophages. Am J Pathol 2007; 170: 1192-1199
10. Abboud HE. Growth factors in glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 1993; 43: 252-267
11. Johnson RJ, Floege J, Couser WG, Alpers CE. Role of platelet-derived growth factor in glomerular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993; 4: 119-128
12. Steffens S, Mach F. Drug insight: immunomodulatory effects of statins - potential benefits for renal patients? Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2006; 2: 378-387
13. D'Amico G. Statins and renal diseases: from primary prevention to renal replacement therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17 (Suppl 2): S148-S152
14. Campese VM, Park J. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the kidney. Kidney Int 2007; 71: 1215-1222
15. Lecian D, Demova H, Lodererova A et al. Renal effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in a rat model of chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2006; 29: 135-143
16. Verhagen AM, Braam B, Boer P et al. Losartan-sensitive renal damage caused by chronic NOS inhibition does not involve increased renal angiotensin II concentrations. Kidney Int 1999; 56: 222-231
17. Park JK, Muller DN, Mervaala EM et al. Cerivastatin prevents angiotensin II-induced renal injury independent of blood pressure- and cholesterol-lowering effects. Kidney Int 2000; 58: 1420-1430
18. Ni W, Egashira K, Kataoka C et al. Antiinflammatory and antiarteriosclerotic actions of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in a rat model of chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. Circ Res 2001; 89: 415-421
19. Shibata S, Nagase M, Fujita T. Fluvastatin ameliorates podocyte injury in proteinuric rats via modulation of excessive Rho signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 754-764
20. Gojo A, Utsunomiya K, Taniguchi K et al. The Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 568: 242-247
21. Zeng L, Xu H, Chew TL et al. HMG CoA reductase inhibition modulates VEGF-induced endothelial cell hyperpermeability by preventing RhoA activation and myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation. Faseb J 2005; 19: 1845-1847
22. Coupel S, Leboeuf F, Boulday G et al. RhoA activation mediates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells: an alloimmune mechanism of chronic allograft nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2429-2439
23. Kim SI, Kim HJ, Han DC, Lee HB. Effect of lovastatin on small GTP binding proteins and on TGF-beta1 and fibronectin expression. Kidney Int Suppl 2000; 77: S88-S92
24. Danesh FR, Sadeghi MM, Amro N et al. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors prevent high glucose-induced proliferation of mesangial cells via modulation of Rho GTPase/p21 signaling pathway: Implications for diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99: 8301-8305
25. Xu H, Zeng L, Peng H et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin mitigates VEGF-induced "inside-out" signaling to extracellular matrix by preventing RhoA activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291: F995-F1004
26. Sidaway JE, Davidson RG, McTaggart F et al. Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase reduce receptor-mediated endocytosis in opossum kidney cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15: 2258-2265
27. Whaley-Connell AT, Morris EM, Rehmer N et al. Albumin activation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity is mediated via Rac1 in proximal tubule cells. Am J Nephrol 2007; 27: 15-23
28. Eberlein M, Heusinger-Ribeiro J, Goppelt-Struebe M. Rho-dependent inhibition of the induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133: 1172-1180
29. Narumiya H, Sasaki S, Kuwahara N et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors up-regulate anti-aging klotho mRNA via RhoA inactivation in IMCD3 cells. Cardiovasc Res 2004; 64: 331-336
30. Patel S, Mason RM, Suzuki J et al. Inhibitory effect of statins on renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Am J Nephrol 2006; 26: 381-387
31. Cicha I, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Yilmaz A et al. Monitoring the cellular effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in vitro and ex vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24: 2046-2050
32. Laufs U, Liao JK. Post-transcriptional regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA stability by Rho GTPase. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 24266-24271
33. Blanco-Colio LM, Villa A, Ortego M et al. 3-Hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, atorvastatin and simvastatin, induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and Rho A prenylation. Atherosclerosis 2002; 161: 17-26
34. Ichiki T, Takeda K, Tokunou T et al. Downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by hydrophobic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1896-1901
35. Ozawa Y, Kobori H. Crucial role of Rho - nuclear factor kappa beta axis in Angiotensin II-induced renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 293: F100-F109
36. Song J, Kost CK, Jr, Martin DS. Androgens potentiate renal vascular responses to angiotensin II via amplification of the Rho kinase signaling pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 72: 456-463
37. Bauer J, Parekh N. Variations in cell signaling pathways for different vasoconstrictor agonists in renal circulation of the rat. Kidney Int 2003; 63: 2178-2186
38. Nakamura A, Hayashi K, Ozawa Y et al. Vessel- and vasoconstrictor-dependent role of rho/rho-kinase in renal microvascular tone. J Vasc Res 2003; 40: 244-251
39. Kikuchi Y, Yamada M, Imakiire T et al. A Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, prevents development of diabetes and nephropathy in insulin-resistant diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 2007; 192: 595-603
40. Hayashi K, Wakino S, Kanda T et al. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of chronic renal injury: role of rho-kinase in the development of renal injury. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 100: 29-33
41. Nishikimi T, Koshikawa S, Ishikawa Y et al. Inhibition of Rho-kinase attenuates nephrosclerosis and improves survival in salt-loaded spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. J Hypertens 2007; 25: 1053-1063
42. Douglas K, O'Malley PG, Jackson JL. Meta-analysis: the effect of statins on albuminuria. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145: 117-124
43. Kluth DC, Erwig LP, Rees AJ. Multiple facets of macrophages in renal injury. Kidney Int 2004; 66: 542-557
44. Chon H, Verhaar MC, Koomans HA et al. Role of circulating karyocytes in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2006; 47: 803-810
45. Wiviott SD, Cannon CP. The safety and efficacy of achieving very low LDL-cholesterol concentrations with high dose statin therapy. Curr Opin Lipidol 2006; 17: 626-630
46. Reijneveld JC, Koot RW, Bredman JJ et al. Differential effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on the development of myopathy in young rats. Pediatr Res 1996; 39: 1028-1035
47. Suzumura K, Tanaka K, Yasuhara M, Narita H. Inhibitory effects of fluvastatin and its metabolites on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative destruction of hemin and low-density lipoprotein. Biol Pharm Bull 2000; 23: 873-878
48. Kurusu A, Shou I, Nakamura S et al. Effects of the new hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor fluvastatin on antioxidant enzyme activities and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2000; 27: 767-770
49. Moriyama T, Kawada N, Nagatoya K et al. Fluvastatin suppresses oxidative stress and fibrosis in the interstitium of mouse kidneys with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int 2001; 59: 2095-2103
50. Gianella A, Nobili E, Abbate M et al. Rosuvastatin treatment prevents progressive kidney inflammation and fibrosis in stroke-prone rats. Am J Pathol 2007; 170: 1165-1177