The role of diffusion- and perfusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging in drug development for ischemic stroke: From laboratory to clinics

Current Vascular Pharmacology

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 343-355

  Tatlisumak, Turgut ^a   Strbian, Daniel ^a   Ramadan, Usama Abo ^a   Li, Fuhai ^b  

^a HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral infarction; Clinical trials; Diffusion; Drug therapy; Ischemic stroke; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neuroprotection; Perfusion; Thrombolysis

Indexed keywords

ALPHA AMINO 3 HYDROXY 5 METHYL 4 ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID; ALTEPLASE; APOPTOSIS INHIBITOR; BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CITICOLINE; ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ESTROGEN; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; GLYCINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; NITROXIDE; PROUROKINASE; SCAVENGER; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT;

BLOOD CLOT; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BRAIN INFARCTION SIZE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL LABORATORY; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SCREENING; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; INDUSTRIALIZATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCLUSIVE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; PATIENT MONITORING; PATIENT SELECTION; PERFUSION; RELIABILITY; REPERFUSION; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIALS; DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; DRUG DESIGN; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; TECHNOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 4444315721     PISSN: 15701611     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1570161043385493     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Wolf P, Mitchell J, Baker C, Kannel W, D'Agostino R. Impact of atrial fibrillation on mortality, stroke, and medical costs. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 229-34.
2. Isard P, Forbes J. The cost of stroke to the National Health Service in Scotland. Cerebrovasc Dis 1992; 2: 47-50.
3. Anonymous. Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association, 1999.
4. Devuyst G, Bogousslavsky J. Clinical trial update: neuroprotection against acute ischemic stroke. Curr Opin Neurol 1999; 12: 73-9.
5. Diener H. Current status of neuroprotective drugs in stroke. Eur J Anaest 2000; 17: 55-8.
6. Mansfield P, Coxon R, Glover P. Echo-planar imaging of the brain at 3.0 T: First normal volunteer results. J Comp Assist Tomogr 1994; 18: 339-43.
7. Shellock F, Curtis J. MR imaging and biomedical implants, materials, and devices: an updated review. Radiology 1991; 180. 541-50.
8. Helenius J, Soinne L, Perkiö J, Salonen O, Kangasmäki A, Kaste M, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in normal human brains in various age groups. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23: 194-9.
9. Baird AE, Warach S. Magnetic resonance imaging of acute stoke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 583-609.
10. Beaulieu C, D'Arceuil H, Hedehus M, de Crespigny A, Kastrup A, Moseley M. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: theory and potential applications to child neurology. Semin Pediatr Neurol 1999; 6: 87-100.
11. Hoehn M, Nicolay K, Franke C, van der Sanden B. Application of magnetic resonance to animal models of cerebral ischemia. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 14: 491-509.
12. Li F, Fisher M. Diffusion-weighted and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in ischemic stroke. Drugs Today 1996; 32: 615-27.
13. Tatlisumak T, Li F. Use of diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in drug development for ischemic stroke. Curr Drug Target CNS Neurol Disord 2003; 2: 131-42.
14. Le Bihan D, Breton E, Lallemand D, Aubin M, Vignaud J, Laval-Jeantet M. Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging. Radiology 1988; 168: 497-505.
15. Le Bihan D, Breton E, Lallemand D, Grenier P, Canabis E, Laval-Jeantet M. MR imaging of intravoxel incoherent motions: application to diffusion and perfusion in neurological disorders. Radiology 1986; 161: 401-7.
16. Hamberg L, Macfarlane R, Tasdemiroglu E, Boccalini P, Hunter G, Belliveau J, et al. Mesurement of cerebrovascular changes in cats after transient ischemia using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 1993; 24: 444-51.
17. Aksoy F, Lev M. Dynamic contrast-enhanced brain perfusion imaging: technique and clinical applications. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2000; 21: 462-77.
18. Kohno K, Hoehn-Berlage M, Mies G, Back T, Hossmann K-A. Relationship between diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images, cerebral blood flow, and energy state in experimental brain infarction. Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 13: 73-80.
19. Tamura A, Graham D, McCulloch J, Teasdale G. Focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat. 2. Regional cerebral blood flow determined by [14C] iodoantypyrine autoradiography following middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1981; 1: 61-9.
20. Symon L, Branston N, Strong A, Hope T. The concepts of thresholds of ischaemia in relation to brain structure and function. J Clin Path 1977; 30(suppl): 149-54.
21. Astrup J, Siesjö B, Symon L. Thresholds in cerebral ischemia-the ischemic penumbra. Stroke 1981; 12: 723-5.
22. Tatlisumak T. Is CT or MRI the method of choice for imaging patients with acute stroke? Why should men divide if fate has united? Stroke 2002; 33: 2144-5.
23. Fiebach J, Schellinger P, Jansen O, Meyer M, Wilde P, Bender J, et al. CT and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in randomized order: DWI results in higher accuracy and lower interrater variability in the diagnosis of hyperacute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002; 33: 2206-10.
24. Li F, Han S, Tatlisumak T, Carano R, Irie K, Sotak C, et al. A new method to improve in-bore middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Demonstration with diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging. Stroke 1998; 29: 1715-20.
25. Yoneda Y, Tokui K, Hanihara T, Kitagaki H, Tabuchi M, Mori E. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: detection of ischemic injury 39 minutes after onset in a stroke patient. Ann Neurol 1999; 45: 794-7.
26. Warach S, Gaa J, Siewert B, Wielepolski P, Édelman R. Acute human stroke studied by whole brain echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 231-41
27. Barber P, Darby D, Desmond P, Gerraty R, Yang Q, Li T, et al. Identification of major ischemic change: diffusion-weighted imaging versus computed tomography. Stroke 1999; 30: 2059-65.
28. Wardlaw J, Dorman P, Lewis S. Can stroke physicians and neuroradiologists identify signs of early cerebral infarction on CT? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67: 651-3.
29. STAIR. Recommendations for standards regarding preclinical neuroprotective and restorative drugs. Stroke 1999; 30: 2752-8.
30. Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Germano SM, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski HM. Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a stain for detection and quantification of experimental cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke 1986; 17: 1304-8.
31. Park CK, Mendelow AD, Graham DI, McCulloch J, Teasdale GM. Correlation of triphenyltetrazolium chloride perfusion staining with conventional neurohistology in the detection of early brain ischaemia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1988; 14: 289-98.
32. Isayama K, Pitts LH, Nishimura MC. Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to delineate rat brain infarcts. Stroke 1991; 22: 1394-8.
33. Lin T-N, He Y, Wu G, Khan M, Hsu C. Effect of brain edema on infarct volume in a focal ischemia model in rats. Stroke 1993; 24: 117-21.
34. Li F, Irie K, Anwer M, Fisher M. Delayed triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining remains useful for evaluating cerebral infarct volume in a rat stroke model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997; 17: 1132-5.
35. Meng X, Li F, Silva MD, Sotak CH, Fisher M. Growth patterns of ischemic lesions with different initial volume in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Stroke 2001; 32: 356 [Abstract].
36. Kucharczyk J, Mintorovitch J, Moseley M, Asgari H, Sevick R, Derugin N, et al. Ischemic brain damage: reduction by sodium-calcium ion channel modulator RS-87476. Radiology 1991; 179: 221-7.
37. Yenari MA, Palmer JT, Sun GH, de Crespigny A, Moseley ME, Steinberg GK. Time-course and treatment response with SNX-111, an N-type calcium channel blocker, in a rodent model of focal cerebral ischemia using diffusion-weighted MRI. Brain Res 1996; 739: 36-45.
38. Chandra S, White RF, Everding D, Feuerstein GZ, Coatney RW, Sarkar SK, et al. Use of diffusion-weighted MRI and neurological deficit scores to demonstrate beneficial effects of isradipine in a rat model of focal ischemia. Pharmacology 1999; 58: 292-9.
39. Lo E, Matsumoto K, Pierce A, Garrido L, Luttinger D. Pharmacological reversal of acute changes in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14: 597-603.
40. Lo E, Pierce A, Mandeville J, Rosen B. Neuroprotection with NBQX in rat focal cerebral ischemia. Effects on ADC probability distribution functions and diffusion-perfusion relationships. Stroke 1997; 28: 439-46.
41. Minematsu K, Fisher M, Li L, Davis MA, Knapp AG, Cotter RE, et al. Effects of a novel NMDA antagonist on experimental stroke rapidly and quantitatively assessed by diffusion-weighted MRI. Neurology 1993; 43: 397-403.
42. Minematsu K, Fisher M, Li L, Sotak C. Diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging studies to evaluate a noncompetitive N-Methyl-D-Aspartate antagonist and reperfusion in experimental stroke in rats. Stroke 1993; 24: 2074-81.
43. Gill R, Sibson NR, Maskell L, Carpenter TA, Hall LD, Pickard JD. The protective effect of MK-801 on infarct development over a period of 24 h as assessed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. NMR Biomed 1996; 9: 241-8.
44. Laurent D, Eis M, Sauer D, Theilkaes W, Allegrini PT, Reduction of excitotoxicity-induced brain damage by the competitive NMDA antagonist CGP 40116: a longitudinal study using diffusion-weighted imaging. Neurosci Lett 1996; 213: 209-12.
45. Takano K, Tatlisumak T, Formato J, Carano R, Bergmann A, Pullan L, et al. A glycine site antagonist, ZD9379, attenuates infarct size in experimental focal ischemia: postmortem and diffusion mapping studies. Stroke 1997; 28: 1255-63.
46. Qiu H, Hedlund L, Gewalt S, Benveniste H, Bare T, Johnson G. Progression of a focal ischemic lesion in rat brain during treatment with a novel glycine/NMDA antagonist: an in vivo three-dimensional diffusion-weighted MR microscopic study. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7: 739-44.
47. Shockley R, LaManna J. Determination of rat cerebral cortical blood volume changes by capillary mean transit time analysis during hypoxia, hypercapnia and hyperventilation. Brain Res 1988; 454: 170-8.
48. Li F, Carano R, Irie K, Tatlisumak T, Silva M, Pschorn U, et al. Neuroprotective effects of a novel broad-spectrum cation channel blocker, LOE 908 MS, on experimental focal ischemia: a multispectral study. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 10: 138-45.
49. Hoehn-Berlage M, Hossmann K-A, Busch E, Eis M, Schmittz B, Gyngell M. Inhibition of nonselective cation channels reduces focal ischemic injury of rat brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997; 17: 534-42.
50. Tatlisumak T, Carano R, Takano K, Meiler M, Li F, Sotak C, et al. Broad-spectrum cation channel inhibition by LOF 908 MS reduces infarct volume in vivo and postmortem in focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Neur Sci 2000; 178: 107-13.
51. Tatlisumak T, Takano K, Carano R, Fisher M. Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on experimental focal ischemia studied by diffusion-weighted and perfusion imaging. Stroke 1996; 27: 2292-8.
52. Tatlisumak T, Carano R, Takano K, Opgenorth T, Sotak C, Fisher M. A novel endothelin antagonist, A-127722, attenuates ischemic lesion size in rats with temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion: A diffusion and perfusion MRI study. Stroke 1998; 29: 850-8.
53. Beaulieu C; Busch E, Röther J, de Crespigny A, Hsia C, Moseley M. Polynitroxyl albumin reduces infarct size in transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat: potential mechanisms studied by magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 1022-31
54. Legos JJ, Erhardt JA, White RF, Lenhard SC, Chandra S, Parsons AA, et al. SB 239063, a novel p38 inhibitor, attenuates early neuronal injury following ischemia. Brain Res 2001; 892: 70-7.
55. Ebisu T, Katsuta K, Fugikawa A, Aoki I, Umeda M, Naruse S, et al. Early and delayed neuroprotective effects of FK506 on experimental focal ischemia quantitatively assessed by diffusion-weighted MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 19: 153-60.
56. Shi J, Bui JD, Yang SH, He Z, Lucas TH, Buckley DL, et al. Estrogens decrease reperfusion-associated cortical ischemic damage: an MRI analysis in a transient focal ischemia model. Stroke 2001; 32: 987-92.
57. Warach S, Pettigrew LC, Dashe JF, Pullicino P, Lefkowitz DM, Sabounjian L, et al. Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Citicoline 010 Investigators. Ann Neurol 2000; 48: 713-22.
58. Warach S, Kaste M, Fisher M. The effect of GV150526 on ischemic lesion volume: The GAIN Americas and GAIN International MRI Substudy. Neurology 2000; 54 (Suppl. 3): A87 [Abstract].
59. Busch E, Kruger K, Allegrini PR, Kerskens CM, Gyngell ML, Hoehn-Berlage M, et al. Reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy of embolic stroke in the rat: magnetic resonance and biochemical imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 407-18.
60. Takano K, Carano K, Tatlisumak T, Meiler M, Sotak C, Kleinert H, et al. Efficacy of intra-arterial and intravenous prourokinase in an embolic stroke model evaluated by diffusion-perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology 1998; 50: 870-5.
61. Jiang Q, Zhang RL, Zhang ZG, Ewing JR, Divine GW, Chopp M. Diffusion-, T2-, and perfusion-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of middle cerebral artery embolic stroke and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator intervention in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998; 18: 758-67.
62. Jiang Q, Zhang RL, Zhang ZG, Ewing JR, Jiang P, Divine GW, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging indexes of therapeutic efficacy of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment of rat at 1 and 4 hours after embolic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000; 20: 21-7.
63. Niessen F, Hilger T, Hoehn M, Hossmann K. Thrombolytic treatment of clot embolism in rat: comparison of intra-arterial and intravenous application of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 2002; 33: 2999-3005.
64. Jansen O, Schellinger P, Fiebach J, Hacke W, Sartor K. Early recanalisation in acute ischaemic stroke saves tissue at risk defined by MRI. Lancet 1999; 353: 2036-7.
65. Lansberg MG, Tong DC, Norbash AM, Yenari MA, Moseley ME. Intra-arterial rtPA treatment of stroke assessed by diffusion- and perfusion- weighted MRI. Stroke 1999; 30: 678-80.
66. Marks MP, Tong DC, Beaulieu C, Albers GW, de Crespigny A, Moseley ME. Evaluation of early reperfusion and i.v. tPA therapy using diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI. Neurology 1999; 52: 1792-8.
67. Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Mattiello J, Starkman S, Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, et al. Thrombolytic reversal of acute human cerebral ischemic injury shown by diffusion/perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 2000; 47: 462-9.
68. Schellinger PD, Jansen O, Fiebach JB, Heiland S, Steiner T, Schwab S, et al. Monitoring intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with diffusion and perfusion MRI. Stroke 2000; 31: 1318-28.
69. Lövblad K, Baird A, Schlaug G, Benfield A, Siewert B, Voetsch B, et al. Ischemic lesion volumes in acute stroke by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging correlate with clinical outcome. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 164-70.
70. Barber P, Darby D, Desmond P, Gerraty R, Jolley D, Donnan G, et al. Prediction of stroke outcome with echoplanar perfusion- and diffusion-weighted MRI. Neurology 1998; 51: 418-26.
71. Tong D, Yenari M, Albers G, O'Brien M, Marks M, Moseley M. Correlation of perfusion- and diffusion- weighted MRI with NIHSS score in acute (6.5 hour) ischemic stroke. Neurology 1998; 50: 864-70.
72. van Everdingen K, van der Grond J, Kappelle L, Ramos L, Mali W. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in acute stroke. Stroke 1998; 29: 1783-90.
73. Beaulieu C, de Crespigny A, Tong D, Moseley M, Albers G, Marks M. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of perfusion and diffusion in stroke: evolution of lesion volume and correlation with clinical outcome. Ann Neurol 1999; 46: 568-78.
74. Baird A, Lövblad K, Dashe J, Connor A, Burzynski C, Schlaug G, et al. Clinical Correlations of Diffusion and Perfusion Lesion Volumes in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000; 10: 441-8.
75. Derdeyn CP. Diffusion-weighted Imaging as a surrogate marker for stroke as a complication of cerebrovascular procedures and devices. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001; 22: 1234-5.
76. Engelter S, Provenzale J, Petrella J, DeLong D, Alberts M. Infarct Volume on apparent diffusion coefficient maps correlates with length of stay and outcome after middle cerebral artery stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003; 15: 188-91.
77. Hartmann M, Jansen O, Deinsberger W, Vogel J, Sartor K. MRI of acute experimental intracerebral hematoma. Neurol Res 2000; 22: 512-6.
78. Patel M, Edelman R, Warach S. Detection of hyperacute primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage by magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 1996; 27: 2321-4.
79. Schellinger P, Jansen O, Fiebach J, Hacke W, Sartor K. A standardized MRI stroke protocol: comparison with CT in hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1999; 30: 765-8.
80. Kidwell C, Saver J, Villablanca P, Duckwiler G, Fredieu A, Gough K, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis. An emerging application. Stroke 2002; 33: 95-8.
81. Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, Gent M, Rowley H, Kase C, et al. for the PROACT Investigators. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. JAMA 1999; 282: 2003-11.