메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 126-140

Defining the steps that lead to cancer: Replicative telomere erosion, aneuploidy and an epigenetic maturation arrest of tissue stem cells

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANEUPLOIDY; ARTICLE; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; CYTOGENETICS; DNA METHYLATION; DNA REPLICATION; EPIGENETICS; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE MUTATION; GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE CORRELATION; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; METASTASIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEM CELL; TELOMERE;

EID: 43949118802     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.01.010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (141)
  • 2
    • 33744493093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new era in cancer research
    • Varmus H. The new era in cancer research. Science 312 (2006) 1162-1165
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 1162-1165
    • Varmus, H.1
  • 3
    • 33744483368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celebrating a glass half-full
    • Kiberstis P.A., and Travis J. Celebrating a glass half-full. Science 312 (2006) 1157
    • (2006) Science , vol.312 , pp. 1157
    • Kiberstis, P.A.1    Travis, J.2
  • 4
    • 33845332311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, New York
    • Weinberg R.A. The biology of cancer (2006), Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, New York
    • (2006) The biology of cancer
    • Weinberg, R.A.1
  • 7
    • 0032542364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic instabilities in human cancers
    • Lengauer C., Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. Genetic instabilities in human cancers. Nature 396 (1998) 643-649
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 643-649
    • Lengauer, C.1    Kinzler, K.W.2    Vogelstein, B.3
  • 8
    • 0035870243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mutator phenotype in cancer
    • Loeb L.A. A mutator phenotype in cancer. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 3230-3239
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 3230-3239
    • Loeb, L.A.1
  • 10
    • 15144340686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity shows extensive genetic diversity of human breast carcinomas
    • Kerangueven F., Noguchi T., Coulier F., Allione F., Wargniez V., Simony-Lafontaine J., et al. Genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity shows extensive genetic diversity of human breast carcinomas. Cancer Res 57 (1997) 5469-5474
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 5469-5474
    • Kerangueven, F.1    Noguchi, T.2    Coulier, F.3    Allione, F.4    Wargniez, V.5    Simony-Lafontaine, J.6
  • 11
    • 33747882887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cascade of modules of a network defines cancer progression
    • Thiagalingam S. A cascade of modules of a network defines cancer progression. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 7379-7385
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 7379-7385
    • Thiagalingam, S.1
  • 12
    • 36248962105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers
    • Wood L.D., Parsons D.W., Jones S., Lin J., Sjoblom T., Leary R.J., et al. The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science 318 (2007) 1108-1113
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 1108-1113
    • Wood, L.D.1    Parsons, D.W.2    Jones, S.3    Lin, J.4    Sjoblom, T.5    Leary, R.J.6
  • 16
    • 0242495039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells
    • Herzog E.L., Chai L., and Krause D.S. Plasticity of marrow-derived stem cells. Blood 102 (2003) 3483-3493
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 3483-3493
    • Herzog, E.L.1    Chai, L.2    Krause, D.S.3
  • 17
    • 3543022679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of bone marrow-derived stem cells
    • Grove J.E., Bruscia E., and Krause D.S. Plasticity of bone marrow-derived stem cells. Stem Cells 22 (2004) 487-500
    • (2004) Stem Cells , vol.22 , pp. 487-500
    • Grove, J.E.1    Bruscia, E.2    Krause, D.S.3
  • 18
    • 0037183884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells
    • Wagers A.J., Sherwood R.I., Christensen J.L., and Weissman I.L. Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Science 297 (2002) 2256-2259
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 2256-2259
    • Wagers, A.J.1    Sherwood, R.I.2    Christensen, J.L.3    Weissman, I.L.4
  • 19
    • 0019464048 scopus 로고
    • Initiation and promotion at different ages and doses in 2200 mice. I. Methods, and the apparent persistence of initiated cells
    • Stenback F., Peto R., and Shubik P. Initiation and promotion at different ages and doses in 2200 mice. I. Methods, and the apparent persistence of initiated cells. Br J Cancer 44 (1981) 1-14
    • (1981) Br J Cancer , vol.44 , pp. 1-14
    • Stenback, F.1    Peto, R.2    Shubik, P.3
  • 22
    • 33646899057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell properties and epithelial malignancies
    • Mackenzie I.C. Stem cell properties and epithelial malignancies. Eur J Cancer 42 (2006) 1204-1212
    • (2006) Eur J Cancer , vol.42 , pp. 1204-1212
    • Mackenzie, I.C.1
  • 23
    • 2942691389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy
    • Sell S. Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 51 (2004) 1-28
    • (2004) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol , vol.51 , pp. 1-28
    • Sell, S.1
  • 24
    • 0345059767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer
    • Pardal R., Clarke M.F., and Morrison S.J. Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3 (2003) 895-902
    • (2003) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 895-902
    • Pardal, R.1    Clarke, M.F.2    Morrison, S.J.3
  • 25
    • 84956427297 scopus 로고
    • A direct measurement of the radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells
    • Till J.E., and McCulloch E.A. A direct measurement of the radiation sensitivity of normal mouse bone marrow cells. Radiat Res 14 (1961) 213-222
    • (1961) Radiat Res , vol.14 , pp. 213-222
    • Till, J.E.1    McCulloch, E.A.2
  • 26
    • 33644560281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer stem cells: an old idea-a paradigm shift
    • discussion 1895-6
    • Wicha M.S., Liu S., and Dontu G. Cancer stem cells: an old idea-a paradigm shift. Cancer Res 66 (2006) 1883-1890 discussion 1895-6
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 1883-1890
    • Wicha, M.S.1    Liu, S.2    Dontu, G.3
  • 27
    • 0015158036 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation and cancer
    • Pierce G.B., and Johnson L.D. Differentiation and cancer. In Vitro 7 (1971) 140-145
    • (1971) In Vitro , vol.7 , pp. 140-145
    • Pierce, G.B.1    Johnson, L.D.2
  • 28
    • 17244367777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and numerical chromosome changes in colon cancer develop through telomere-mediated anaphase bridges, not through mitotic multipolarity
    • Stewenius Y., Gorunova L., Jonson T., Larsson N., Hoglund M., Mandahl N., et al. Structural and numerical chromosome changes in colon cancer develop through telomere-mediated anaphase bridges, not through mitotic multipolarity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (2005) 5541-5546
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 5541-5546
    • Stewenius, Y.1    Gorunova, L.2    Jonson, T.3    Larsson, N.4    Hoglund, M.5    Mandahl, N.6
  • 29
    • 0021715393 scopus 로고
    • The significance of responses of the genome to challenge
    • McClintock B. The significance of responses of the genome to challenge. Science 226 (1984) 792-801
    • (1984) Science , vol.226 , pp. 792-801
    • McClintock, B.1
  • 30
    • 0344622606 scopus 로고
    • Serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains
    • Hayflick L., and Moorhead P.S. Serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Experimental Cell Research 25 (1961) 585-621
    • (1961) Experimental Cell Research , vol.25 , pp. 585-621
    • Hayflick, L.1    Moorhead, P.S.2
  • 31
    • 0015184804 scopus 로고
    • Principle of marginotomy in template synthesis of polynucleotides
    • Olovnikov A.M. Principle of marginotomy in template synthesis of polynucleotides. Dokl Akad Nauk Sssr+ 201 (1971) 1496-1498
    • (1971) Dokl Akad Nauk Sssr+ , vol.201 , pp. 1496-1498
    • Olovnikov, A.M.1
  • 32
    • 0030177489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomeres, telomerase, and aging: origin of the theory
    • Olovnikov A.M. Telomeres, telomerase, and aging: origin of the theory. Exp Gerontol 31 (1996) 443-448
    • (1996) Exp Gerontol , vol.31 , pp. 443-448
    • Olovnikov, A.M.1
  • 33
    • 0025787643 scopus 로고
    • Telomere loss: mitotic clock or genetic time bomb?
    • Harley C.B. Telomere loss: mitotic clock or genetic time bomb?. Mutat Res 256 (1991) 271-282
    • (1991) Mutat Res , vol.256 , pp. 271-282
    • Harley, C.B.1
  • 35
    • 4444226253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer chromosomes in crisis
    • DePinho R.A., and Polyak K. Cancer chromosomes in crisis. Nat Genet 36 (2004) 932-934
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 932-934
    • DePinho, R.A.1    Polyak, K.2
  • 36
    • 0034626769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age of cancer
    • DePinho R.A. The age of cancer. Nature 408 (2000) 248-254
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 248-254
    • DePinho, R.A.1
  • 37
    • 0026523228 scopus 로고
    • Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity
    • Counter C.M., Avilion A.A., LeFeuvre C.E., Stewart N.G., Greider C.W., Harley C.B., et al. Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity. Embo J 11 (1992) 1921-1929
    • (1992) Embo J , vol.11 , pp. 1921-1929
    • Counter, C.M.1    Avilion, A.A.2    LeFeuvre, C.E.3    Stewart, N.G.4    Greider, C.W.5    Harley, C.B.6
  • 38
    • 0026053363 scopus 로고
    • Expression of SV40 large T antigen, but not small t antigen, is required for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in transformed human cells
    • Stewart N., and Bacchetti S. Expression of SV40 large T antigen, but not small t antigen, is required for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in transformed human cells. Virology 180 (1991) 49-57
    • (1991) Virology , vol.180 , pp. 49-57
    • Stewart, N.1    Bacchetti, S.2
  • 39
    • 33646065584 scopus 로고
    • Ueber asymmetrische Zellteilung in Epithelkrebsen und deren biologische Bedeutung
    • von Hansemann D. Ueber asymmetrische Zellteilung in Epithelkrebsen und deren biologische Bedeutung. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 119 (1890) 299-326
    • (1890) Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol , vol.119 , pp. 299-326
    • von Hansemann, D.1
  • 41
    • 0035495858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer genetics: from Boveri and Mendel to microarrays
    • Balmain A. Cancer genetics: from Boveri and Mendel to microarrays. Nat Rev Cancer 1 (2001) 77-82
    • (2001) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.1 , pp. 77-82
    • Balmain, A.1
  • 42
  • 43
    • 0034724312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aneuploidy vs. gene mutation hypothesis of cancer: Recent study claims mutation but is found to support aneuploidy
    • Li R., Sonik A., Stindl R., Rasnick D., and Duesberg P. Aneuploidy vs. gene mutation hypothesis of cancer: Recent study claims mutation but is found to support aneuploidy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 (2000) 3236-3241
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 3236-3241
    • Li, R.1    Sonik, A.2    Stindl, R.3    Rasnick, D.4    Duesberg, P.5
  • 44
    • 21744437101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence estimates of recurrent balanced cytogenetic aberrations and gene fusions in unselected patients with neoplastic disorders
    • Mitelman F., Mertens F., and Johansson B. Prevalence estimates of recurrent balanced cytogenetic aberrations and gene fusions in unselected patients with neoplastic disorders. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 43 (2005) 350-366
    • (2005) Genes Chromosomes Cancer , vol.43 , pp. 350-366
    • Mitelman, F.1    Mertens, F.2    Johansson, B.3
  • 45
    • 0035110871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that genetic instability occurs at an early stage of colorectal tumorigenesis
    • Shih I.M., Zhou W., Goodman S.N., Lengauer C., Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. Evidence that genetic instability occurs at an early stage of colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 818-822
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 818-822
    • Shih, I.M.1    Zhou, W.2    Goodman, S.N.3    Lengauer, C.4    Kinzler, K.W.5    Vogelstein, B.6
  • 47
    • 0033035955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic changes defining the genesis, progression, and malignancy potential in solid human tumors: a phenotype/genotype correlation
    • Ried T., Heselmeyer-Haddad K., Blegen H., Schrock E., and Auer G. Genomic changes defining the genesis, progression, and malignancy potential in solid human tumors: a phenotype/genotype correlation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25 (1999) 195-204
    • (1999) Genes Chromosomes Cancer , vol.25 , pp. 195-204
    • Ried, T.1    Heselmeyer-Haddad, K.2    Blegen, H.3    Schrock, E.4    Auer, G.5
  • 49
    • 0020987278 scopus 로고
    • Karyotypic progression in human tumors
    • Wolman S.R. Karyotypic progression in human tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2 (1983) 257-293
    • (1983) Cancer Metastasis Rev , vol.2 , pp. 257-293
    • Wolman, S.R.1
  • 51
    • 33748122556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer-linked DNA hypomethylation and its relationship to hypermethylation
    • Ehrlich M. Cancer-linked DNA hypomethylation and its relationship to hypermethylation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 310 (2006) 251-274
    • (2006) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.310 , pp. 251-274
    • Ehrlich, M.1
  • 52
    • 0038243168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of DNA methylation in setting up chromatin structure during development
    • Hashimshony T., Zhang J., Keshet I., Bustin M., and Cedar H. The role of DNA methylation in setting up chromatin structure during development. Nat Genet 34 (2003) 187-192
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.34 , pp. 187-192
    • Hashimshony, T.1    Zhang, J.2    Keshet, I.3    Bustin, M.4    Cedar, H.5
  • 53
    • 0027689976 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of DNA methylation during development
    • Brandeis M., Ariel M., and Cedar H. Dynamics of DNA methylation during development. Bioessays 15 (1993) 709-713
    • (1993) Bioessays , vol.15 , pp. 709-713
    • Brandeis, M.1    Ariel, M.2    Cedar, H.3
  • 54
    • 0032960181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer epigenetics comes of age
    • Jones P.A., and Laird P.W. Cancer epigenetics comes of age. Nat Genet 21 (1999) 163-167
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.21 , pp. 163-167
    • Jones, P.A.1    Laird, P.W.2
  • 55
    • 3242657117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical application of targeting cancer through histone acetylation and hypomethylation
    • Gilbert J., Gore S.D., Herman J.G., and Carducci M.A. The clinical application of targeting cancer through histone acetylation and hypomethylation. Clin Cancer Res 10 (2004) 4589-4596
    • (2004) Clin Cancer Res , vol.10 , pp. 4589-4596
    • Gilbert, J.1    Gore, S.D.2    Herman, J.G.3    Carducci, M.A.4
  • 57
    • 0029640789 scopus 로고
    • Oncogenes and cancer
    • Duesberg P.H. Oncogenes and cancer. Science 267 (1995) 1407-1408
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1407-1408
    • Duesberg, P.H.1
  • 58
    • 34249734165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal chaos and cancer
    • Duesberg P. Chromosomal chaos and cancer. Sci Am 296 (2007) 52-59
    • (2007) Sci Am , vol.296 , pp. 52-59
    • Duesberg, P.1
  • 59
    • 0035893556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of human tumor cells in vitro without widespread genomic instability
    • Zimonjic D., Brooks M.W., Popescu N., Weinberg R.A., and Hahn W.C. Derivation of human tumor cells in vitro without widespread genomic instability. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 8838-8844
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 8838-8844
    • Zimonjic, D.1    Brooks, M.W.2    Popescu, N.3    Weinberg, R.A.4    Hahn, W.C.5
  • 60
    • 0036829031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correspondence re: D. Zimonjic et al., Derivation of human tumor cells in vitro without widespread genomic instability. Cancer Res., 61: 8838-8844, 2001
    • author reply 6348-9
    • Li R., Rasnick D., and Duesberg P. Correspondence re: D. Zimonjic et al., Derivation of human tumor cells in vitro without widespread genomic instability. Cancer Res., 61: 8838-8844, 2001. Cancer Res 62 (2002) 6345-6348 author reply 6348-9
    • (2002) Cancer Res , vol.62 , pp. 6345-6348
    • Li, R.1    Rasnick, D.2    Duesberg, P.3
  • 61
    • 9244263076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aneuploidy and cancer
    • Rajagopalan H., and Lengauer C. Aneuploidy and cancer. Nature 432 (2004) 338-341
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 338-341
    • Rajagopalan, H.1    Lengauer, C.2
  • 62
    • 0037178734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debate surges over the origins of genomic defects in cancer
    • Marx J. Debate surges over the origins of genomic defects in cancer. Science 297 (2002) 544-546
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 544-546
    • Marx, J.1
  • 63
    • 0036118368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enumeration of the simian virus 40 early region elements necessary for human cell transformation
    • Hahn W.C., Dessain S.K., Brooks M.W., King J.E., Elenbaas B., Sabatini D.M., et al. Enumeration of the simian virus 40 early region elements necessary for human cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol 22 (2002) 2111-2123
    • (2002) Mol Cell Biol , vol.22 , pp. 2111-2123
    • Hahn, W.C.1    Dessain, S.K.2    Brooks, M.W.3    King, J.E.4    Elenbaas, B.5    Sabatini, D.M.6
  • 65
    • 0029818753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-sensitive reversal of hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing SV40 T antigen
    • Ewald D., Li M., Efrat S., Auer G., Wall R.J., Furth P.A., et al. Time-sensitive reversal of hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing SV40 T antigen. Science 273 (1996) 1384-1386
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1384-1386
    • Ewald, D.1    Li, M.2    Efrat, S.3    Auer, G.4    Wall, R.J.5    Furth, P.A.6
  • 66
    • 15044349631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene-therapy trials to restart following cancer risk review
    • Check E. Gene-therapy trials to restart following cancer risk review. Nature 434 (2005) 127
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 127
    • Check, E.1
  • 67
    • 0037079003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rules for making human tumor cells
    • Hahn W.C., and Weinberg R.A. Rules for making human tumor cells. N Engl J Med 347 (2002) 1593-1603
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.347 , pp. 1593-1603
    • Hahn, W.C.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 68
    • 0033592941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many mutations does it take to make a tumor?
    • Boland C.R., and Ricciardiello L. How many mutations does it take to make a tumor?. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 (1999) 14675-14677
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 14675-14677
    • Boland, C.R.1    Ricciardiello, L.2
  • 69
    • 0031750678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer genetics, cytogenetics-defining the enemy within
    • Nowell P.C., Rowley J.D., and Knudson Jr. A.G. Cancer genetics, cytogenetics-defining the enemy within. Nat Med 4 (1998) 1107-1111
    • (1998) Nat Med , vol.4 , pp. 1107-1111
    • Nowell, P.C.1    Rowley, J.D.2    Knudson Jr., A.G.3
  • 70
    • 0034644185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer - analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland
    • Lichtenstein P., Holm N.V., Verkasalo P.K., Iliadou A., Kaprio J., Koskenvuo M., et al. Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer - analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. N Engl J Med 343 (2000) 78-85
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , pp. 78-85
    • Lichtenstein, P.1    Holm, N.V.2    Verkasalo, P.K.3    Iliadou, A.4    Kaprio, J.5    Koskenvuo, M.6
  • 71
    • 33746617272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic stem cells: the paradigmatic tissue-specific stem cell
    • Bryder D., Rossi D.J., and Weissman I.L. Hematopoietic stem cells: the paradigmatic tissue-specific stem cell. Am J Pathol 169 (2006) 338-346
    • (2006) Am J Pathol , vol.169 , pp. 338-346
    • Bryder, D.1    Rossi, D.J.2    Weissman, I.L.3
  • 72
    • 0037068376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation reveals a niche: stem cell succession in human colon crypts
    • Kim K.M., and Shibata D. Methylation reveals a niche: stem cell succession in human colon crypts. Oncogene 21 (2002) 5441-5449
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 5441-5449
    • Kim, K.M.1    Shibata, D.2
  • 73
    • 7244221435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to epithelial engraftment during wound healing
    • Borue X., Lee S., Grove J., Herzog E.L., Harris R., Diflo T., et al. Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to epithelial engraftment during wound healing. Am J Pathol 165 (2004) 1767-1772
    • (2004) Am J Pathol , vol.165 , pp. 1767-1772
    • Borue, X.1    Lee, S.2    Grove, J.3    Herzog, E.L.4    Harris, R.5    Diflo, T.6
  • 74
    • 14644411092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cell: balancing aging and cancer
    • Krtolica A. Stem cell: balancing aging and cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37 (2005) 935-941
    • (2005) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.37 , pp. 935-941
    • Krtolica, A.1
  • 76
    • 33750537968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X inactivation patterns of closely, but not distantly, related cells are highly correlated: little evidence for stem cell plasticity in normal females
    • Vickers M.A., Canning S.J., Craig W.L., Masson N.M., and Wilson I.J. X inactivation patterns of closely, but not distantly, related cells are highly correlated: little evidence for stem cell plasticity in normal females. Stem Cells 24 (2006) 2398-2405
    • (2006) Stem Cells , vol.24 , pp. 2398-2405
    • Vickers, M.A.1    Canning, S.J.2    Craig, W.L.3    Masson, N.M.4    Wilson, I.J.5
  • 77
    • 0034712075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem cells in epithelial tissues
    • Slack J.M. Stem cells in epithelial tissues. Science 287 (2000) 1431-1433
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1431-1433
    • Slack, J.M.1
  • 78
    • 19444380661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are bone marrow stem cells plastic or heterogenous - that is the question
    • Kucia M., Ratajczak J., and Ratajczak M.Z. Are bone marrow stem cells plastic or heterogenous - that is the question. Exp Hematol 33 (2005) 613-623
    • (2005) Exp Hematol , vol.33 , pp. 613-623
    • Kucia, M.1    Ratajczak, J.2    Ratajczak, M.Z.3
  • 79
    • 0035252089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal human mammary epithelial cells spontaneously escape senescence and acquire genomic changes
    • Romanov S.R., Kozakiewicz B.K., Holst C.R., Stampfer M.R., Haupt L.M., and Tlsty T.D. Normal human mammary epithelial cells spontaneously escape senescence and acquire genomic changes. Nature 409 (2001) 633-637
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 633-637
    • Romanov, S.R.1    Kozakiewicz, B.K.2    Holst, C.R.3    Stampfer, M.R.4    Haupt, L.M.5    Tlsty, T.D.6
  • 81
    • 0034632717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dysfunction promotes non-reciprocal translocations and epithelial cancers in mice
    • Artandi S.E., Chang S., Lee S.L., Alson S., Gottlieb G.J., Chin L., et al. Telomere dysfunction promotes non-reciprocal translocations and epithelial cancers in mice. Nature 406 (2000) 641-645
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 641-645
    • Artandi, S.E.1    Chang, S.2    Lee, S.L.3    Alson, S.4    Gottlieb, G.J.5    Chin, L.6
  • 82
    • 0037288474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome instability in cancer: how, when, and why?
    • Gisselsson D. Chromosome instability in cancer: how, when, and why?. Adv Cancer Res 87 (2003) 1-29
    • (2003) Adv Cancer Res , vol.87 , pp. 1-29
    • Gisselsson, D.1
  • 83
    • 0032845215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation and cancer
    • Issa J.P., and Aging. DNA methylation and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 32 (1999) 31-43
    • (1999) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol , vol.32 , pp. 31-43
    • Issa, J.P.1    Aging2
  • 84
    • 0030983076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation and genetic instability in colorectal cancer cells
    • Lengauer C., Kinzler K.W., and Vogelstein B. DNA methylation and genetic instability in colorectal cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (1997) 2545-2550
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 2545-2550
    • Lengauer, C.1    Kinzler, K.W.2    Vogelstein, B.3
  • 86
    • 0026329345 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between DNA methylation and cell proliferation in Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Rojas M.V., and Galanti N. Relationship between DNA methylation and cell proliferation in Trypanosoma cruzi. FEBS Lett 295 (1991) 31-34
    • (1991) FEBS Lett , vol.295 , pp. 31-34
    • Rojas, M.V.1    Galanti, N.2
  • 87
    • 0037455915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer initiation and progression
    • Nephew K.P., and Huang T.H. Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Lett 190 (2003) 125-133
    • (2003) Cancer Lett , vol.190 , pp. 125-133
    • Nephew, K.P.1    Huang, T.H.2
  • 89
    • 33751394898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the proliferation/differentiation switch in the cellular network of multicellular organisms
    • Xia K., Xue H., Dong D., Zhu S., Wang J., Zhang Q., et al. Identification of the proliferation/differentiation switch in the cellular network of multicellular organisms. PLoS Comput Biol 2 (2006) e145
    • (2006) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.2
    • Xia, K.1    Xue, H.2    Dong, D.3    Zhu, S.4    Wang, J.5    Zhang, Q.6
  • 90
    • 0842342605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of aneuploidy by increasing chromosomal instability during dedifferentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Wilkens L., Flemming P., Gebel M., Bleck J., Terkamp C., Wingen L., et al. Induction of aneuploidy by increasing chromosomal instability during dedifferentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 (2004) 1309-1314
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 1309-1314
    • Wilkens, L.1    Flemming, P.2    Gebel, M.3    Bleck, J.4    Terkamp, C.5    Wingen, L.6
  • 91
    • 0000075523 scopus 로고
    • The behavior in successive nuclear divisions of a chromosome broken at meiosis
    • McClintock B. The behavior in successive nuclear divisions of a chromosome broken at meiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 25 (1939) 405-416
    • (1939) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.25 , pp. 405-416
    • McClintock, B.1
  • 92
    • 33745815990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of telomerase activity positively correlates to poor prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
    • Chen K.Y., Lee L.N., Yu C.J., Lee Y.C., Kuo S.H., and Yang P.C. Elevation of telomerase activity positively correlates to poor prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 240 (2006) 148-156
    • (2006) Cancer Lett , vol.240 , pp. 148-156
    • Chen, K.Y.1    Lee, L.N.2    Yu, C.J.3    Lee, Y.C.4    Kuo, S.H.5    Yang, P.C.6
  • 93
    • 25444495269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion: migrating cancer stem cells - an integrated concept of malignant tumour progression
    • Brabletz T., Jung A., Spaderna S., Hlubek F., and Kirchner T. Opinion: migrating cancer stem cells - an integrated concept of malignant tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer 5 (2005) 744-749
    • (2005) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 744-749
    • Brabletz, T.1    Jung, A.2    Spaderna, S.3    Hlubek, F.4    Kirchner, T.5
  • 94
  • 95
  • 96
    • 0036336893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stem-cell origin of metastasis and heterogeneity in solid tumours
    • Tu S.M., Lin S.H., and Logothetis C.J. Stem-cell origin of metastasis and heterogeneity in solid tumours. Lancet Oncol 3 (2002) 508-513
    • (2002) Lancet Oncol , vol.3 , pp. 508-513
    • Tu, S.M.1    Lin, S.H.2    Logothetis, C.J.3
  • 97
    • 0742289555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic cancer cells are mirror image processes, utilizing similar signaling pathways and occurring concurrently: circulating cancer cells constitute an ideal target for concurrent treatment with chemotherapy and antilineage-specific antibodies
    • Gazitt Y. Homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic cancer cells are mirror image processes, utilizing similar signaling pathways and occurring concurrently: circulating cancer cells constitute an ideal target for concurrent treatment with chemotherapy and antilineage-specific antibodies. Leukemia 18 (2004) 1-10
    • (2004) Leukemia , vol.18 , pp. 1-10
    • Gazitt, Y.1
  • 98
    • 0035282432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis
    • Muller A., Homey B., Soto H., Ge N., Catron D., Buchanan M.E., et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis. Nature 410 (2001) 50-56
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 50-56
    • Muller, A.1    Homey, B.2    Soto, H.3    Ge, N.4    Catron, D.5    Buchanan, M.E.6
  • 99
    • 0035282610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An attractive force in metastasis
    • Liotta L.A. An attractive force in metastasis. Nature 410 (2001) 24-25
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 24-25
    • Liotta, L.A.1
  • 100
    • 0037029654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hematopoietic stem cells are uniquely selective in their migratory response to chemokines
    • Wright D.E., Bowman E.P., Wagers A.J., Butcher E.C., and Weissman I.L. Hematopoietic stem cells are uniquely selective in their migratory response to chemokines. J Exp Med 195 (2002) 1145-1154
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.195 , pp. 1145-1154
    • Wright, D.E.1    Bowman, E.P.2    Wagers, A.J.3    Butcher, E.C.4    Weissman, I.L.5
  • 102
    • 0036517356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dynamics, aneuploidy, stem cells, and cancer (Review)
    • Pathak S., Multani A.S., Furlong C.L., and Sohn S.H. Telomere dynamics, aneuploidy, stem cells, and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 20 (2002) 637-641
    • (2002) Int J Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 637-641
    • Pathak, S.1    Multani, A.S.2    Furlong, C.L.3    Sohn, S.H.4
  • 103
    • 33644835825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aneuploidy, stem cells and cancer
    • Pathak S., and Multani A.S. Aneuploidy, stem cells and cancer. EXS 96 (2006) 49-64
    • (2006) EXS , vol.96 , pp. 49-64
    • Pathak, S.1    Multani, A.S.2
  • 104
    • 0037406990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the intrinsic instability of aneuploid genomes have a causal role in cancer?
    • Matzke M.A., Mette M.F., Kanno T., and Matzke A.J. Does the intrinsic instability of aneuploid genomes have a causal role in cancer?. Trends Genet 19 (2003) 253-256
    • (2003) Trends Genet , vol.19 , pp. 253-256
    • Matzke, M.A.1    Mette, M.F.2    Kanno, T.3    Matzke, A.J.4
  • 105
    • 35548929551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining p53 function in the aging process: a possible mechanism for the increased tumor incidence in older populations
    • Feng Z., Hu W., Teresky A.K., Hernando E., Cordon-Cardo C., and Levine A.J. Declining p53 function in the aging process: a possible mechanism for the increased tumor incidence in older populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 (2007) 16633-16638
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 16633-16638
    • Feng, Z.1    Hu, W.2    Teresky, A.K.3    Hernando, E.4    Cordon-Cardo, C.5    Levine, A.J.6
  • 107
    • 0028172057 scopus 로고
    • Cancers beget mutations versus mutations beget cancers
    • Prehn R.T. Cancers beget mutations versus mutations beget cancers. Cancer Res 54 (1994) 5296-5300
    • (1994) Cancer Res , vol.54 , pp. 5296-5300
    • Prehn, R.T.1
  • 109
    • 0031015729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity is detected in pancreatic cancer but not in benign tumors
    • Hiyama E., Kodama T., Shinbara K., Iwao T., Itoh M., Hiyama K., et al. Telomerase activity is detected in pancreatic cancer but not in benign tumors. Cancer Res 57 (1997) 326-331
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 326-331
    • Hiyama, E.1    Kodama, T.2    Shinbara, K.3    Iwao, T.4    Itoh, M.5    Hiyama, K.6
  • 110
    • 9544243732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in human breast cancer and benign breast lesions: diagnostic applications in clinical specimens, including fine needle aspirates
    • Sugino T., Yoshida K., Bolodeoku J., Tahara H., Buley I., Manek S., et al. Telomerase activity in human breast cancer and benign breast lesions: diagnostic applications in clinical specimens, including fine needle aspirates. Int J Cancer 69 (1996) 301-306
    • (1996) Int J Cancer , vol.69 , pp. 301-306
    • Sugino, T.1    Yoshida, K.2    Bolodeoku, J.3    Tahara, H.4    Buley, I.5    Manek, S.6
  • 111
    • 0037173075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal adenomas can develop with a stable karyotype and stable microsatellites
    • Haigis K.M., Caya J.G., Reichelderfer M., and Dove W.F. Intestinal adenomas can develop with a stable karyotype and stable microsatellites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 (2002) 8927-8931
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 8927-8931
    • Haigis, K.M.1    Caya, J.G.2    Reichelderfer, M.3    Dove, W.F.4
  • 113
    • 0026605115 scopus 로고
    • DNA aneuploidy in ulcerative colitis: reproducibility, topographic distribution, and relation to dysplasia
    • Lofberg R., Brostrom O., Karlen P., Ost A., and Tribukait B. DNA aneuploidy in ulcerative colitis: reproducibility, topographic distribution, and relation to dysplasia. Gastroenterology 102 (1992) 1149-1154
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.102 , pp. 1149-1154
    • Lofberg, R.1    Brostrom, O.2    Karlen, P.3    Ost, A.4    Tribukait, B.5
  • 114
    • 0030031384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive areas of aneuploidy are present in the respiratory epithelium of lung cancer patients
    • Smith A.L., Hung J., Walker L., Rogers T.E., Vuitch F., Lee E., et al. Extensive areas of aneuploidy are present in the respiratory epithelium of lung cancer patients. Br J Cancer 73 (1996) 203-209
    • (1996) Br J Cancer , vol.73 , pp. 203-209
    • Smith, A.L.1    Hung, J.2    Walker, L.3    Rogers, T.E.4    Vuitch, F.5    Lee, E.6
  • 115
    • 0033389092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology of human carcinogenesis
    • Ioachim H.L. Morphology of human carcinogenesis. Anticancer Res 19 (1999) 4627-4643
    • (1999) Anticancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 4627-4643
    • Ioachim, H.L.1
  • 116
    • 0031059392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonality of dysplastic epithelium in colorectal adenomas from familial adenomatous polyposis patients
    • Bjerknes M., Cheng H., Kim H., Schnitzler M., and Gallinger S. Clonality of dysplastic epithelium in colorectal adenomas from familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Cancer Res 57 (1997) 355-361
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 355-361
    • Bjerknes, M.1    Cheng, H.2    Kim, H.3    Schnitzler, M.4    Gallinger, S.5
  • 117
    • 0027196626 scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity of the c-K-ras locus in colorectal adenomas but not in adenocarcinomas
    • Shibata D., Schaeffer J., Li Z.H., Capella G., and Perucho M. Genetic heterogeneity of the c-K-ras locus in colorectal adenomas but not in adenocarcinomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 85 (1993) 1058-1063
    • (1993) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.85 , pp. 1058-1063
    • Shibata, D.1    Schaeffer, J.2    Li, Z.H.3    Capella, G.4    Perucho, M.5
  • 118
    • 33645388183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal diversity in tumor progression
    • Shibata D. Clonal diversity in tumor progression. Nat Genet 38 (2006) 402-403
    • (2006) Nat Genet , vol.38 , pp. 402-403
    • Shibata, D.1
  • 120
    • 19844364343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of intratumoral genetic heterogeneity during colorectal cancer progression
    • Losi L., Baisse B., Bouzourene H., and Benhattar J. Evolution of intratumoral genetic heterogeneity during colorectal cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 26 (2005) 916-922
    • (2005) Carcinogenesis , vol.26 , pp. 916-922
    • Losi, L.1    Baisse, B.2    Bouzourene, H.3    Benhattar, J.4
  • 121
    • 24644520641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long view of fashions in cancer research
    • Harris H. A long view of fashions in cancer research. Bioessays 27 (2005) 833-838
    • (2005) Bioessays , vol.27 , pp. 833-838
    • Harris, H.1
  • 122
    • 78651056338 scopus 로고
    • Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium; clinical implications of multicentric origin
    • Slaughter D.P., Southwick H.W., and Smejkal W. Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium; clinical implications of multicentric origin. Cancer 6 (1953) 963-968
    • (1953) Cancer , vol.6 , pp. 963-968
    • Slaughter, D.P.1    Southwick, H.W.2    Smejkal, W.3
  • 123
    • 0037446974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications
    • Braakhuis B.J., Tabor M.P., Kummer J.A., Leemans C.R., and Brakenhoff R.H. A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications. Cancer Res 63 (2003) 1727-1730
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 1727-1730
    • Braakhuis, B.J.1    Tabor, M.P.2    Kummer, J.A.3    Leemans, C.R.4    Brakenhoff, R.H.5
  • 124
    • 0029042985 scopus 로고
    • Chromosome abnormalities in bilateral breast carcinomas. Cytogenetic evaluation of the clonal origin of multiple primary tumors
    • Pandis N., Teixeira M.R., Gerdes A.M., Limon J., Bardi G., Andersen J.A., et al. Chromosome abnormalities in bilateral breast carcinomas. Cytogenetic evaluation of the clonal origin of multiple primary tumors. Cancer 76 (1995) 250-258
    • (1995) Cancer , vol.76 , pp. 250-258
    • Pandis, N.1    Teixeira, M.R.2    Gerdes, A.M.3    Limon, J.4    Bardi, G.5    Andersen, J.A.6
  • 125
    • 20344403102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent clonal origins of distinct tumor foci in multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma
    • Shattuck T.M., Westra W.H., Ladenson P.W., and Arnold A. Independent clonal origins of distinct tumor foci in multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 2406-2412
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , pp. 2406-2412
    • Shattuck, T.M.1    Westra, W.H.2    Ladenson, P.W.3    Arnold, A.4
  • 126
    • 0027401607 scopus 로고
    • The multistep nature of cancer
    • Vogelstein B., and Kinzler K.W. The multistep nature of cancer. Trends Genet 9 (1993) 138-141
    • (1993) Trends Genet , vol.9 , pp. 138-141
    • Vogelstein, B.1    Kinzler, K.W.2
  • 128
    • 0022891340 scopus 로고
    • Tumors: wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing
    • Dvorak H.F. Tumors: wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing. N Engl J Med 315 (1986) 1650-1659
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 1650-1659
    • Dvorak, H.F.1
  • 129
    • 0021906685 scopus 로고
    • Maternal age-specific rates of numerical chromosome abnormalities with special reference to trisomy
    • Hassold T., and Chiu D. Maternal age-specific rates of numerical chromosome abnormalities with special reference to trisomy. Hum Genet 70 (1985) 11-17
    • (1985) Hum Genet , vol.70 , pp. 11-17
    • Hassold, T.1    Chiu, D.2
  • 130
    • 0035319804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy
    • Hassold T., and Hunt P. To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy. Nat Rev Genet 2 (2001) 280-291
    • (2001) Nat Rev Genet , vol.2 , pp. 280-291
    • Hassold, T.1    Hunt, P.2
  • 131
    • 0037317440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal aging and chromosomal abnormalities: new data drawn from in vitro unfertilized human oocytes
    • Pellestor F., Andreo B., Arnal F., Humeau C., and Demaille J. Maternal aging and chromosomal abnormalities: new data drawn from in vitro unfertilized human oocytes. Hum Genet 112 (2003) 195-203
    • (2003) Hum Genet , vol.112 , pp. 195-203
    • Pellestor, F.1    Andreo, B.2    Arnal, F.3    Humeau, C.4    Demaille, J.5
  • 132
    • 0029956081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific P53 mutations are associated with de novo resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer patients
    • Aas T., Borresen A.L., Geisler S., Smith-Sorensen B., Johnsen H., Varhaug J.E., et al. Specific P53 mutations are associated with de novo resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer patients. Nat Med 2 (1996) 811-814
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 811-814
    • Aas, T.1    Borresen, A.L.2    Geisler, S.3    Smith-Sorensen, B.4    Johnsen, H.5    Varhaug, J.E.6
  • 133
    • 0035913337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New-age drug meets resistance
    • McCormick F. New-age drug meets resistance. Nature 412 (2001) 281-282
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 281-282
    • McCormick, F.1
  • 134
    • 0025799513 scopus 로고
    • Expression and activity of P-glycoprotein, a multidrug efflux pump, in human hematopoietic stem cells
    • Chaudhary P.M., and Roninson I.B. Expression and activity of P-glycoprotein, a multidrug efflux pump, in human hematopoietic stem cells. Cell 66 (1991) 85-94
    • (1991) Cell , vol.66 , pp. 85-94
    • Chaudhary, P.M.1    Roninson, I.B.2
  • 135
    • 16844368698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour stem cells and drug resistance
    • Dean M., Fojo T., and Bates S. Tumour stem cells and drug resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 5 (2005) 275-284
    • (2005) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 275-284
    • Dean, M.1    Fojo, T.2    Bates, S.3
  • 136
    • 23044514578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple drug resistance in cancer revisited: the cancer stem cell hypothesis
    • Donnenberg V.S., and Donnenberg A.D. Multiple drug resistance in cancer revisited: the cancer stem cell hypothesis. J Clin Pharmacol 45 (2005) 872-877
    • (2005) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.45 , pp. 872-877
    • Donnenberg, V.S.1    Donnenberg, A.D.2
  • 137
    • 33745482846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of people who have survived cancer during childhood
    • Skinner R., Wallace W.H., and Levitt G.A. Long-term follow-up of people who have survived cancer during childhood. Lancet Oncol 7 (2006) 489-498
    • (2006) Lancet Oncol , vol.7 , pp. 489-498
    • Skinner, R.1    Wallace, W.H.2    Levitt, G.A.3
  • 138
    • 2042435768 scopus 로고
    • Totipotency and normal differentiation of single teratocarcinoma cells cloned by injection into blastocysts
    • Illmensee K., and Mintz B. Totipotency and normal differentiation of single teratocarcinoma cells cloned by injection into blastocysts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73 (1976) 549-553
    • (1976) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.73 , pp. 549-553
    • Illmensee, K.1    Mintz, B.2
  • 139
    • 0019307417 scopus 로고
    • Teratocarcinomas and mammalian embryogenesis
    • Martin G.R. Teratocarcinomas and mammalian embryogenesis. Science 209 (1980) 768-776
    • (1980) Science , vol.209 , pp. 768-776
    • Martin, G.R.1
  • 140
    • 0023946119 scopus 로고
    • Tumors as caricatures of the process of tissue renewal: prospects for therapy by directing differentiation
    • Pierce G.B., and Speers W.C. Tumors as caricatures of the process of tissue renewal: prospects for therapy by directing differentiation. Cancer Res 48 (1988) 1996-2004
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 1996-2004
    • Pierce, G.B.1    Speers, W.C.2
  • 141
    • 0031426031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration versus neoplastic growth
    • Prehn R.T. Regeneration versus neoplastic growth. Carcinogenesis 18 (1997) 1439-1444
    • (1997) Carcinogenesis , vol.18 , pp. 1439-1444
    • Prehn, R.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.