Validity of carbohydrate, glycaemic index and glycaemic load data obtained using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire

Public Health Nutrition

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 573-580

  Barclay, Alan Winston ^a   Flood, Victoria Mary ^a   Brand Miller, Jennie Cecile ^a   Mitchell, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Dietary carbohydrates; Epidemiology; Glycaemic index; Glycaemic load; Nutrition assessment

Indexed keywords

STARCH; SUGAR;

AGED; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; DIETARY FIBER; DIETARY INTAKE; FEMALE; FOOD INTAKE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; GLYCEMIC LOAD; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SUGAR INTAKE; VALIDITY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIET RECORDS; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY FIBER; FEMALE; GLYCEMIC INDEX; HUMANS; MALE; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 43749107275     PISSN: 13689800     EISSN: 14752727     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007001103     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Willett W. Nutritional Epidemiology, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
2. Burley V, Cade J, Margetts B, Thompson R, Warm D. Consensus Document on the Development, Validation and Utilisation of Food Frequency Questionnaires. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 2000; 62 pp.
3. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986; 325(8476): 307-10.
4. Masson LF, McNeill G, Tomany JO, Simpson JA, Peace HS, Wei L, et al. Statistical approaches for assessing the relative validity of a food-frequency questionnaire: use of correlation coefficients and the kappa statistic. Public Health Nutrition 2003; 6(3): 313-21.
5. O'Brien K. Living Dangerously: Australians with Multiple Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease. Bulletin No. 24. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2005.
6. National Health and Medical Research Council. Food for Health: Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2003.
7. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Causes of Death, Australia, 2005. Catalogue No. 3303.0. Canberra: ABS, 24 February 2005.
8. Ma Y, Olendzki B, Chiriboga D, Hebert JR, Li Y, Li W, et al. Association between dietary carbohydrates and body weight. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 161(4): 359-67.
9. Pawlak DB, Kushner JA, Ludwig DS. Effects of dietary glycaemic index on adiposity, glucose homoeostasis, and plasma lipids in animals. Lancet 2004; 364(9436): 778-85.
10. Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Sinclair KB, Hangen JP, Ludwig DS. A reduced-glycemic load diet in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2003; 157(8): 773-9.
11. Spieth LE, Harnish JD, Lenders CM, Raezer LB, Pereira MA, Hangen SJ, et al. A low-glycemic index diet in the treatment of pediatric obesity. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2000; 154(9): 947-51.
12. Salmeron J, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Jenkins DJ, et al. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men. Diabetes Care 1997; 20(4): 545-50.
13. Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 1997; 277(6): 472-7.
14. Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 80(2): 348-56.
15. Oh K, Hu FB, Cho E, Rexrode KM, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber in relation to risk of stroke in women. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 161(2): 161-9.
16. Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, et al. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000; 71(6): 1455-61.
17. Amano Y, Kawakubo K, Lee JS, Tang AC, Sugiyama M, Mori K. Correlation between dietary glycemic index and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Japanese women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 58(11): 1472-8.
18. Michaud DS, Fuchs CS, Liu S, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E. Dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate, sugar, and colorectal cancer risk in men and women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2005; 14(1): 138-47.
19. Higginbotham S, Zhang ZF, Lee IM, Cook NR, Giovannucci E, Buring JE, et al. Dietary glycemic load and risk of colorectal cancer in the Women's Health Study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2004; 96(3): 229-33.
20. Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Augustin L, Negri E, Parpinel M, Boyle P, et al. Dietary glycemic load and colorectal cancer risk. Annals of Oncology 2001; 12(2): 173-8.
21. Silvera SA, Jain M, Howe GR, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Dietary carbohydrates and breast cancer risk: a prospective study of the roles of overall glycemic index and glycemic load. International Journal of Cancer 2005; 114(4): 653-8.
22. Frazier AL, Li L, Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Adolescent diet and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes & Control 2004; 15(1): 73-82.
23. Holmes MD, Liu S, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Willett WC. Dietary carbohydrates, fiber, and breast cancer risk. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004; 159(8): 732-9.
24. Augustin LS, Dal Maso L, La Vecchia C, Parpinel M, Negri E, Vaccarella S, et al. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load, and breast cancer risk: a case-control study. Annals of Oncology 2001; 12(11): 1533-8.
25. Sheard NF, Clark NG, Brand-Miller JC, Franz MJ, Pi-Sunyer FX, Mayer-Davis E, et al. Dietary carbohydrate (amount and type) in the prevention and management of diabetes: a statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(9): 2266-71.
26. Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002; 76(1): 5-6.
27. Attebo K, Mitchell P, Smith W. Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia. The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1996; 103(3): 357-64.
28. Smith W, Mitchell P, Reay EM, Webb K, Harvey PW. Validity and reproducibility of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire in older people. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 1998; 22(4): 456-63.
29. Mitchell P, Smith W, Wang JJ, Cumming RG, Leeder SR, Burnett L. Diabetes in an older Australian population. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 1998; 41(3): 177-84.
30. Willett WC, Sampson L, Browne ML, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, et al. The use of a self-administered questionnaire to assess diet four years in the past. American Journal of Epidemiology 1988; 127(1): 188-99.
31. 12 examples. Public Health Nutrition 2004; 7(6): 751-6.
32. Department of Community Services and Health. NUTTAB 90 Nutrient Data Table for Use in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1990.
33. Fleiss JL. The Measurement of Interrater Agreement. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York: Jon Wiley & Sons, 1981; 212-36.
34. Willett W, Stampfer MJ. Total energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses. American Journal of Epidemiology 1986; 124(1): 17-27.
35. Brunner E, Stallone D, Juneja M, Bingham S, Marmot M. Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: comparison of 7 d diet diary and food-frequency questionnaire and validity against biomarkers. British Journal of Nutrition 2001; 86(3): 405-14.
36. Hodge AM, English DR, O'Dea K, Giles GG. Glycemic index and dietary fiber and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27(11): 2701-6.
37. Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 80(2): 348-56.
38. Zhang C, Liu S, Solomon CG, Hu FB. Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic load, and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(10): 2223-30.
39. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs Jr DR, Slavin J, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000; 71(4): 921-30.
40. Stevens J, Ahn K, Juhaeri Houston D, Steffan L, Couper D. Dietary fiber intake and glycemic index and incidence of diabetes in African-American and white adults: the ARIC study. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(10): 1715-21.
41. Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, et al. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000; 71(6): 1455-61.
42. van Dam RM, Visscher AW, Feskens EJ, Verhoef P, Kromhout D. Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000; 54(9): 726-31.
43. Jonas CR, McCullough ML, Teras LR, Walker-Thurmond KA, Thun MJ, Calle EE. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of incident breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2003; 12(6): 573-7.
44. Cho E, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, Chen WY, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Premenopausal dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemic load, and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2003; 12(11): 1153-8.
45. Higginbotham S, Zhang ZF, Lee IM, Cook NR, Buring JE, Liu S. Dietary glycemic load and breast cancer risk in the Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2004; 13(1): 65-70.
46. Nielsen TG, Olsen A, Christensen J, Overvad K, Tjonneland A. Dietary carbohydrate intake is not associated with the breast cancer incidence rate ratio in postmenopausal Danish women. Journal of Nutrition 2005; 135(1): 124-8.
47. Giles GG, Simpson JA, English DR, Hodge AM, Gertig DM, Macinnis RJ, Hopper JL. Dietary carbohydrate, fibre, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. International Journal of Cancer 2006; 118(7): 1843-7.
48. Terry PD, Jain M, Miller AB, Howe GR, Rohan TE. Glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of colorectal cancer in women: a prospective cohort study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2003; 95(12): 914-16.
49. Oh K, Willett WC, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2004; 13(7): 1192-8.
50. Johnson KJ, Anderson KE, Harnack L, Hong CP, Folsom AR. No association between dietary glycemic index or load and pancreatic cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2005; 14(6): 1574-5.
51. Silvera SA, Rohan TE, Jain M, Terry PD, Howe GR, Miller AB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and pancreatic cancer risk (Canada). Cancer Causes & Control 2005; 16(4): 431-6.
52. Folsom AR, Demissie Z, Harnack L. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and incidence of endometrial cancer: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Nutrition and Cancer 2003; 46(2): 119-24.
53. Silvera SA, Rohan TE, Jain M, Terry PD, Howe GR, Miller AB. Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of endometrial cancer: a prospective cohort study. Public Health Nutrition 2005; 8(7): 912-19.
54. Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Glycemic load, glycemic index and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of stomach cancer: a prospective study. International Journal of Cancer 2006; 118(12): 3167-9.
55. Holmes MD, Liu S, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Willett WC. Dietary carbohydrates, fiber, and breast cancer risk. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004; 159(8): 732-9.
56. Michaud DS, Liu S, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS. Dietary sugar, glycemic load, and pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2002; 94(17): 1293-300.
57. Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Dietary carbohydrates and glycaemic load and the incidence of symptomatic gall stone disease in men. Gut 2005; 54(6): 823-8.
58. Tsai CJ, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of cholecystectomy in women. Gastroenterology 2005; 129(1): 105-12.
59. Chiu CJ, Hubbard LD, Armstrong J, Rogers G, Jacques PF, Chylack Jr LT, et al. Dietary glycemic index and carbohydrate in relation to early age-related macular degeneration. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006; 83(4): 880-886.
60. Schaumberg DA, Liu S, Seddon JM, Willett WC, Hankinson SE. Dietary glycemic load and risk of age-related cataract. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004; 80(2): 489-95.
61. Chiu CJ, Morris MS, Rogers G, Jacques PF, Chylack Jr LT, Tung W, et al. Carbohydrate intake and glycemic index in relation to the odds of early cortical and nuclear lens opacities. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005; 81(6): 1411-16.
62. Liese AD, Schulz M, Fang F, Wolever TM, D'Agostino Jr RB, Sparks KC, et al. Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load, carbohydrate and fiber intake, and measures of insulin sensitivity, secretion, and adiposity in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care 2005; 28(12): 2832-8.
63. Mayer-Davis EJ, Dhawan A, Liese AD, Teff K, Schulz M. Towards understanding of glycaemic index and glycaemic load in habitual diet: associations with measures of glycaemia in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. British Journal of Nutrition 2006; 95(2): 397-405.
64. Jain MG, Harrison L, Howe GR, Miller AB. Evaluation of a self-administered dietary questionnaire for use in a cohort study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1982; 36(5): 931-5.
65. Willett WC, Sampson L, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Bain C, Witschi J, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. American Journal of Epidemiology 1985; 122(1): 51-65.
66. Tjonneland A, Overvad K, Haraldsdottir J, Bang S, Ewertz M, Jensen OM. Validation of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire developed in Denmark. International Journal of Epidemiology 1991; 20(4): 906-12.
67. Mayer-Davis EJ, Vitolins MZ, Carmichael SL, Hemphill S, Tsaroucha G, Rushing J, et al. Validity and reproducibility of a food frequency interview in a Multi-Cultural Epidemiology Study. Annals of Epidemiology 1999; 9(5): 314-24.
68. Munger RG, Folsom AR, Kushi LH, Kaye SA, Sellers TA. Dietary assessment of older Iowa women with a food frequency questionnaire: nutrient intake, reproducibility, and comparison with 24-hour dietary recall interviews. American Journal of Epidemiology 1992; 136(2): 192-200.
69. Barclay AW, Brand-Miller JC. Validity of glycemic index estimates in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study: response to Liese et al. Diabetes Care 2006; 29(7): 1718-19.